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FROM    PLANS    BY 


JOHN  C.   SCHOOLEY 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

(PROCESS  PATENTED  MARCH  13,  1855.) 


Fi-.  1. 


Scale,  %  in.  to  10  feet. 


EiG.  1. — View  of  an  Ice  and  Eruit-House,  under  one  roof, 
built  entirely  above  ground,  with  dormer-windows  in  roof, 
three  of  which  are  counterfeit ;  the  other  one  is  a  door  t() 
admit  ice,  with  lattice  transom,  made  so  as  to  admit  outsit U» 
atmosphere  on  to  the  ice. 


111. 


Fig.  2. 

Fig,  2. — A  perpendicular  sectional  view  of  same. 

B.  Ice-room,  over  and  at  the  side  of  the  fruit-room. 

A.  Fruit-room.  e.  Inner  door  to  same,  e,  c,  c.  Small  round  openings 
for  the  egress  of  the  air  from  fruit-room,  a,  a.  Flues  from  ice-house  to 
fruit-room.  g.  Partition  between  ice  and  fruit  rooms,  12  inches  thick 
(would  be  better  to  be  made  18  inches  thick) .  b.  Door  in  dormer-window, 
to  admit  ice.    d.  Lattice-work  opening  to  admit  air  on  to  ice. 


Fig.  3. 

Fig.  3. — Horizontal,  sectional  view  of  ground-plan  of  the  structure. 

A.  Fruit-room. 

B.  B.  Ice-house. 

C.  Vestibule,  or  protection-porch,  to  keep  the  outside  atmosphere  from 
penetrating  into  fruit-room.  f.  Outside  door  of  same,  well  insulated. 
e.  Inside,  and  entrance  to  fruit-room,  well  insulated,  a,  a.  Six  openings 
for  the  admission  of  cold  dry  air  fi'om  ice,  each  opening  one  foot  square, 
with  slides  to  open  and  close  at  will.     g.  Partition,  well  insulated. 

This  house  can  be  built  with  either  brick  or  wood ;  the  latter  is  prefer- 
able.  The  fruit  and  ice  house  can  be  constructed  within  another  building. 

N.  B.  Particular  care  should  be  taken  in  all  cases  to  have  the  bottoms 
of  these  houses  thoroughly  drained,  and  well  insulated  from  the  natural 
heat  of  the  earth.    This  is  absolutely  necessary,  as  heat  affects  the  earth 
to  the  depth  of  forty  feet. 
iv. 


SUMMER,  FRUIT,  ICE,  AND    ARTIFICIAL    SPRING  HOUSE,  FROM    PLANS  BY 
JOHN   G.  SCHOOLEY,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

(Process  Patented  March  139  1855*) 


Fig.  1.  Scale,  %  in.  to  10  feet. 

Fig.  1. — Represents  a  sectional  view  of  Summer,  Ice,  Fetht,  and  Artificial  Spring 
House,  located  on  side  hill. 

A.  Ice-house,  twenty  by  twenty-five  feet  (outside),  a.  Door  into  ice-house,  to  admit 
ice,  two  and  a  half  feet  long  and  one  foot  wide,  made  with  a  slide  to  close  and  open  at 
will ;  if  it  is  more  convenient,  it  can  be  made  in  the  door  a. 

B.  Fruit-room,  twenty  by  twenty-five  feet  (outside). 

C.  Artificial  Spring-House,  p.  Inclined  floor  of  ice-house,  well  insulated,  eighteen 
inches  thick,  well  caulked  or  covered  with  zinc.  b.  Mouth  of  descending  flue,  twelve 
inches  high,  and  to  extend  the  entire  width  of  ice-room,  as  in  flg.  2.  d.  Descending 
flue.  c.  Mouth  of  same,  in  fruit-room.  f.  Opening  for  the  escape  of  air,  from  fruit- 
room  into  spring-house  (one  foot  high,  and  one  foot  six  inches  long),  g.  Outlet  open- 
ing (one  foot  by  two  feet),  m.  Door  from  spring-house  into  fruit-room.  n.  Door  from 
outside  into  spring-house,  h.  Mouth  of  lead  pipe,  to  lead  off  the  ice-meltings  down 
into  spring-house,  i.  Escape-channel  for  the  water  to  run  out  and  down  side  hill. 
o.  Partition,  to  bo  made  eighteen  inches  thick,  and  to  be  filled  with  dry  saw-dust,  or 
tan.  The  light-colored  partitions  are  to  be  made  of  wood,  well  lined  with  close  boards, 
or  flooring.  The  dark  part  is  a  stone  wall,  being  against  and  in  the  earth.  The  stono 
wall  sliould  be  lined  with  rough,  dry  boards,  on  the  inside.  TJie  fruit-room,  B,  should 
be  either  lathed  and  plastered,  or  lined  with  dry  pine  flooring. 


^•■ 


Fig.  2. 

Fig.  2. — Is  a  perpendicular  sectional  view  of  the  side  next  to  the  hill ;  a_,  ice-houee 
door,  corresponding  with  a  in  Fig.  1.  b,  mouth  of  descending  flue,  showing  entire 
length  of  same,  with  bars  over  it,  to  prevent  the  ice  from  falling  down  the  flue,  c, 
mouth  of  same  in  fruit-house,  with  sliding  valve  to  regulate  the  draft.    See  Fig.  1. 


Fig.  3. 

Fig.  3. — Is  a  horizontal  sectional  view  of  the  ground  plan,  h,  h  is  place  of  entrance 
of  descending  pipe,  or  pipes  for  the  ice-meltings.  1,  1  is  temporary  floor  over  channel, 
k,  is  a  channel  around  the  bottom,  and  next  to  the  sides  of  the  spring-house,  two  feet 
wide,  and  one  foot  deep,  bricked  or  cemented  up,  to  contain  always  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity of  the  cold  ice  water  from  meltings,  which  can  escape  out  under  door  n,  as  repre- 
sented by  letter  i,  in  fig.  1.  This  escape  opening  must  be  so  constructed  as  to  permit 
a  certain  depth  of  water  to  always  remain  in  channel  k;  yet  continually  escaping, 
thus  having  a  stream  of  fresh  ice  water  flowing  through  the  spring-house  at  all  times. 
Crocks  of  butter,  and  pans  of  milk,  can  be  placed  in  this  channel  of  running  water, 
where  they  will  be  kept  fresh  and  cold  for  almost  any  length  of  time. 

The  style  of  the  building  may  conform  to  the  taste  of  individuals.  It  may  be  orna- 
mented like  the  design  in  flg.  1,  with  Summer-house  on  top,  or  be  attached  to  other 
structures ;  or  in  place  of  artificial  spring-house,  there  may  be  an  ante-room,  or  porch, 
to  keep  outside  atmosphere  from  penetrating  into  Fruit-room. 


HOOPER'S 


W^ESTERlSr    FRUIT    BOOK, 


The  following  opinions  are  from  gentlemen  well  known 
as  eminent  Horticulturists,  who  examined  the  work  in 
manuscript : 

Spring  Garden,  Cincinnati, 

November  12th,  1856.  ■ 
E.  J,  Hooper,  Esq., 

3Iy  Dear  Sir — T  have  given  your  manuscript  Catalogue  of 
Fruits  a  hasty  examination,  and  regret  that  my  time  decs  not  admit  of  a 
more  deliberate  and  critical  one.  The  arrangement  is  admirable,  and 
can  not  fail  to  be  immensely  valuable  to  cultivators,  as  well  as  to  those 
Trho  are  making  selections  of  Fruit  Trees  for  planting.  The  great  confu- 
sion which  exists  in  the  nomenclature  is  exceedingly  embarrassing. 
This  your  arrangement  removes,  and  makes  the  subject  easily  under- 
stood. Your  descriptions,  though  brief,  are  pointed,  and  really  all  that 
is  needed,  to  guide  the  uninformed  in  making  judicious  selections.  The 
number  of  varieties  that  have  been  brought  to  notice  within  the  last  few 
years,  is  so  great,  and  the  want  of  time  to  test  them  in  our  soil  and  cli- 
mate so  short,  that  such  a  work  as  yours  will  require  great  care  and 
labor  ;  and  even  then  will  of  necessity  require  several  editions,  correc- 
tions^ and  additions,  to  approach  anything  like  perfection. 

With  my  best  wishes  for  your  success  in  the  noble  undertaking,  I 
remain,  very  respectfully,  yours, 

A.  H.  ERNST. 


11 

Cincinnati,  October  17,  1856. 
E.  J.  Hooper,  Esq., 

Dear  Sir  —  I  have  examined  your  Catalogue  of  Fruits  care- 
fully ;  and,  so  far  as  I  am  able  to  judge,  I  believe  tlie  nomenclature  to  be 
accurate,  and  most  of  the  synonyms  correctly  given.  I  allude  to  the 
Fruits  generally  known  and  tested  —  for  new  seedling  varieties,  espe- 
cially of  Apples,  multiply  on  us  so  fast,  that  it  is  hard  to  classify  them, 
and  give  them  a  proper  place  in  our  catalogues. 

I  agree  with  Dr.  Warder,  Mr.  Ernst,  and  Professor  Cary,  in  their  notes 
on  your  Fruits,  and  think  them  accurate  and  just.  The  points  of  diflfer- 
ence,  if  any,  are  so  few  that  I  will  not  designate  them. 

That  3'our  Catalogue  will  be  valuable  to  Fruit  Growers  and  Horticul- 
turists, there  can  be  no  doubt ;  and  I  am  much  pleased  to  find,  that  you 
are  about  to  supply,  in  a  compact  form,  so  brief  and  ready  a  mode  of  ref- 
erence to  the  Fruits  cultivated  in  the  West.    It  is  much  wanted. 

Very  respectfully, 

R.  BUCHANAN. 


Latonia  Springs,  January  22,  1857. 
E.  J.  Hooper, 

Dear  Sir  —  I  have  carefully  looked  over  your  manuscript  of 
Apples,  in  your  contemplated  work  on  Pomology,  and,  with  a  few  altera- 
tions which  I  have  taken  the  liberty,  by  your  permission,  to  suggest,  believe 
that  your  book  Avill  be  of  great  utility  to  those  engaged  in  the  pursuit 
of  Pomology.  I  like  the  plan  of  your  work,  and  tbink  that  it  will  bo 
well  adapted  to  this  vicinity,  and  to  Western  localities,  generally. 

The  descriptions  of  Apples  are  generally  concise,  and  well  drawn,  and 
give  the  characters  of  the  fruit  very  clearly  —  of  all  the  most  valuable 
kinds,  especially.  Many  new  varieties  are  desqribed  of  which  I  have 
little  knowledge,  and  therefore  can  not  judge  of  their  accuracy. 

I  think  a  work  like  yours,  descriptive  of  the  Fruits  of  this  section  of 

country,  with  the  soils  best  adapted  to  their  growth,  very  much  needed. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

S.  MOSHER. 


.  x.;'-f..- 


A\ 


a 


HOOFER'S 


WESTERN  FRUIT  BOOK: 


A  COsrPENDIO0S 


COLLECTION  OP  FACTS, 


PKOM    THE 


NOTES  AND  EXPEEIENCE 


SUCCESSFUL  FRUIT  CULTURISTS, 


ARRANGED  FOR  PRACTICAL  USE 


THE  ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN. 


"Under  these  general  Jaws,  each  variety  of  fruit  requires  a  particular  treatment, 
and  should  be  nurtured  with  a  wise  reference  to  its  peculiarities  and  habits." 

Hon.  Makshai.l  P.  Wilder,  J^-es'i  Mass.  Hort.  Society. 


BY  E.  J.  HOOPER, 

MBICBBR  OP  THE  CINCINNATI  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY,    AND  FORMERLT 
EDITOR  OF  THE   ""WESTERN  PARMER  AND  GARDENER." 


CINCINNATI: 
MOOEE,    WILSTACH,    KEYS    &    CO., 

25   WEST    FOURTH   STREET. 

1857. 


LiDi\/ii\T 

UNIVERSITY  CF 


MASSACHUSE 


AMHERST,  MASS. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1857, 

BY  MOORE.  WILSTACH,  KEYS  &  CO., 

la  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District   Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern 

District  of  Ohio. 


Stereotyped  i.iid  Printed  by 

MOORE,    AVll.STACU,    KEYS   &   Ctt, 

CmOlUKAIl,   O, 


TO 
DE.  JOHK  A.  WAEDEE, 

PRESIDENT     OT     THE    CINCINNATI     HORTICULTURAL     SOCIETY, 

BY    HIS    FRIEND, 


i3sri3E:x:  to  fi^tjits- 

Apples, 11 

Pears, 118 

Peaches, 212 

j^ectarines, 239 

Apricots, 240 

Plums, -  242 

Cherries, 256 

Quinces, 272 

Grapes, 274 

Strawberries, 283 

Easpberries,    ------  297 

Elackberries, 303 

Currants, 303 

Gooseberries, 306 

Appropriate  Location,  Soil,  and  Treatment 

of  Fruit  Trees,     -----  308 

Selection  of  Trees  from  the  Nursery,    -  326 


The  reader  will  observe  that  we  have  classified   the 
fruits  in  this  work  as  follows  : 

The  best  in  quality,  flavor,  etc.,  or  No.  1,  in   CAPITALS. 
Second  best       "  "         "  "     2,  in  small  caps. 

Third       "         "  <'         "  "     3,  in  italics. 


(vi) 


PREFACE. 


It  is  the  first  step  in  science  to  know  what  is 
known.  What  is  new,  and  dependent  on  expe- 
rience and  original  observation,  will  then  come 
easier  and  more  certainly.  It  is  an  economy  of 
time  and  labor,  in  any  investigator,  to  ascertain 
well  what  has  been  done  before  him,  in  any  field 
of  experiment.  Much  time  is  often  irrecoverably 
wasted  in  blundering  over  proposed  experiments, 
and  supposed  novelties,  that  have  long  before 
been  thoroughly  examined  and  definitely  settled. 
In  no  branch  of  practical  science,  are  these  max- 
ims more  true  than  in  regard  to  the  cultivation 
of  fruit ;  and  this  because  there  are  so  many 
claims  upon  the  cultivator's  attention ;  so  many 
drafts  upon  his  credulous  inexperience ;  so  many 
contradictory  statements  resulting  from  super- 
ficial investigations ;  so  many  delusory  appear- 
ances ;  so  much  pretension  and  self-serving ;  so 
much  that  rests  upon  inadequate  and  interested 


Vlll  PR  El- ACE 


evidence.  There  is,  in  a  word,  so  much  to  con- 
fuse, mislead  and  deceive,  that  he  who  shall  pre- 
sent to  the  fruit-grovrer,  a  key  to  these  conflicting 
claims  and-  representations,  giving,  in  words  of 
truth  and  soberness,  a  just  and  concise  statement 
of  what  may  be  relied  on  as  fact,  in  regard  to  the* 
value  and  names  of  such  fruits  as  are  really  and 
honestly  known  to  be  worthy  of  acceptation  and 
confidence, — that  man  will  have  done  a  good 
w^ork,  and  should  be  welcomed  of  all  men  as  a 
benefactor,  in  a  field  where  ignorance  is  attended 
Avith  innumerable  mischievous  cc^sequences,  and 
'<vhere  doubt  is  about  as  fatal  as  ignorance. 

There  have  been  several  praiseworthy  laborers 
in  this  inviting  field,  and  all  with  more  or  less 
fault  and  excellence,  more  or  less  accuracy  and 
error — the  result,  perhaps,  of  too  much  haste  in 
compilation,  and  too  great  confidence  in  mistaken 
and  interested  testimony.  None  haA^e  seemed 
exactly  to  fill  the  purpose  desired ;  and  the  want 
of  a  new  and  more  competent  work,  in  the  shape 
of  a  concise  and  reliable  hand-book,  was  very 
generally  experienced,  and  w^idely  and  rej^eatcdly 
expressed.  A  work  was  needed  less  voluminous 
and  less  diffusive,  based  upon  the  authentic  ex- 


PREFACE.  IX 

perience  of  actual  cultivators ;  upon  well-purged 
lists  of  fully  proved  and  living  trees,  whose  fruit 
had  been  properly  tested  and  characterized,  and 
of  whose  identification  there  was,  finally,  no  ques- 
tion. A  book  unincumbered  with  useless  descrip- 
tions of  worthless  varieties,  and  unneeded  direc- 
tions for  j)lanting  and  cultivation,  and  free  from 
all  guess-w^ork,  and  all  unverified  statements, 
and  confusing  *and  half-recognized  synonyms. 
A  descriptive  and  concise  list,  in  fact,  of  such 
actual  fruits,  as  are  well  established,  and  clearly 
identified,  with  their  most  generally  accepted 
names,  and  their  most  marked  and  unmistak- 
able characteristics. 

And  this  was  the  plan  designed  and  undertaken 
by  the  practical  and  practiced  author  of  the  pre- 
sent work.  Himself  a  fruit-grower  of  diversified 
experience,  and  having  been  in  correspondence 
for  years  wdth  some  of  the  most  prominent  and 
successful  cultivators  in  the  United  States,  espe- 
cially with  those  whose  experience  has  chiefly 
related  to  the  peculiarities  and  requisitions  of  the 
Middle  and  Korth- Western  States,  and  feeling,  in 
his  own  practice,  the  want  of  such  a  ready  guide 
as  the  one  contemplated  in  his  plan,  he  came  to 


PREFACE. 


the  work,  prepared  with  his  own  accumulated 
observations,  the  advice  and  suggestions  of  other 
competent  growers,  and  the  advantage  of  the 
several  larger,  but  differently  designed,  works 
that  had  preceded  his  own.  The  errors  of  these 
last  he  was  to  correct,  and  their  faults  he  was  to 
avoid.  The  task  was  by  no  means  an  easy  one, 
and  would  not  have  been  undertaken  but  for 
the  steady  encouragement  of  many  warm  friends 
of  pomological  science,  and  the  aid  of  many  effi- 
cient cultivators  ;  in  whose  knowledge  and  can- 
dor he  had  steady  reason  to  confide,  and  for  whose 
kindness  he  desires,  here,  to  acknowledge  his 
repeated  indebtedness. 

That  the  work  is  faultless,  is  not  claimed.  That 
it  will  be  found  convenient,  thorough  and  accu- 
I'ate,  and  just  adapted  to  daily  field  use,  by  the 
Western  grower  of  both  large  and  small  fruits, 
whether  professional  or  amateur,  is  fully  believed 
by  the  accomplished  author's  friend  and  associate. 

J.  W.  W. 

Cincinnati,  February  15,  1857. 


HOOPER'S 


WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 


-A.  :e>  I^  r.  E  S  . 


ALEXANDEE,  synonymous  with,  or  called  by  some 
Emperor  Alexander^  Russian  Emperor,  and  Aporta ;  color, 
streaked  with  bright  red  on  greenish  yellow ;  form,  some- 
times slightly  conical ;  base,  somewhat  flattened  ;  size,  1  j 
nse,  chiefly  kitchen ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August  to 
December. 

Eemarks. — Yery  large  and  handsome.  A  moderate 
bearer.  Eather  coarse,  but  very  beautiful  in  color,  shape, 
and  has  a  fine  bloom.  Succeeds  well  in  the  Western 
States.  A  good  grower.  "Large  and  beautiful." — Transac' 
tions  OJiio  Pomological  Socieiy. 

Alfriston,  Newtown  Pippin  of  some  in  England ;  color, 
greenish  yellow ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  kitchen  ; 
quality,  nearly  3  ;  season,  September  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  No  Similarit}^  to  Newtown  Pippin 
in  America,  as  thought  by  some  in  England. 

AMEEICAN  GOLDEN  EUSSET,  or  called  by  some 
Bulloch's  Pippin,  Sheepnosc,  Golden  Russet,  and  Little  Pear- 
main^  sometimes,  erroneously.  Fall  Wincsap) ;  color,  gen- 
erally rich  golden  yellow,  overspread  with  soft  russet, 

(in 


12  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

and  in  the  sun  a  little  red  ;  form,  roundish  ovate,  taper- 
ing toward  the  eye  ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  sea- 
son, December  to  February. 

Eemarks. —  This  delicious  apple  succeeds  well  in  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  Indiana,  in  rich  soils. 
"  First-rate  and  handsome." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

American  Mammoth.  Synonymes,  Ox  Apple,  New  Torh 
Gloria  Mundi,  Baltimore  Pippin,  and  Gloria  3fundi,  which 
last  title  see  also. 

AMEEICAN  SUMMEE  PEAEMAIl^,  or  WafJHn's  Early 
and  American  Pearmain.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  a 
little  red  ;  form,  pearmain,  or  roundish  oblong ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — This  deserves  to  be  called  Summer  King, 
compared  with  the  Summer  Queen.  An  abundant  bearer. 
Different  from  the  English  Pearmain.  It  is  good  in  nearly 
all  parts  of  the  country.  "  Highly  approved." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

American  Pip>pin^  or  Grindstone.  Color,  greenish  red, 
with  red  streaks  ;  form,  round  and  flattish  ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
kitchen  and  table  ;   quality,  3  ;  season,  January  to  July. 

Eemarks. — There  are  many  of  this  name,  vyhich  is 
rather  vague,  though  expressive.  It  is  a  good  bearer, 
and  a  very  great  keeper,  but  almost  totally  unworthy  ; 
uneatable  at  any  time. 

APPLE  BUTTEE,  or  Sweet  Bellfiowcr  of  some,  and  Mo^ 
lasses  of  others.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  roundish,  conical ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1. 

Eemarks. — There  are  two  apples  cultivated  in  Southern 
Ohio  under  this  name.  Mr.  A.  H.  Ernst  values  them 
highly.     Dr.  Warder,  one  of  our  best  pomologists,  con- 


APPLES.  '  13 

siders  them  tender  and  very  good.  Exhibited  by  F.  G-. 
Gary,  August,  1855.  Mr.  Stikes,  of  Dayton,  ranks  one  of 
them  also  high. 

Api.     See  Lady  Apple. 

Ashland.  Color,  dull  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  round- 
ish ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  October  to 
January,  often  longer. 

Eemarks. — A  sound,  good  keeper.  Considered  of  a  good 
flavor  by  most.  Exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horti- 
cultural Society  by  K.  Buchanan.  "  A  sound,  sweet-tasted 
apple,  of  medium  size." — Fruit  Committee. 

AsHMORE,  sometimes  erroneously  called  Fall  Wine. 
Color,  bright,  clear  red  ;  form,  regular  roundish,  flattened  ; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September 
and  October. 

Eemarks.  —  White,  crisp,  tender,  juicy,  sub-acid, 
sprightly.  JSTot  of  high  character,  but  tender.  Exhibited 
before  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  by  A.  H.  Ernst, 
August  21,  1855. 

Astrachan  Eed.  Color,  crimson  red  ;  form,  roundish ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table,  or  dessert ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July  to 
August. 

Eemarks. — A  very  handsome,  rather  acid  dessert  fruit, 
with  a  bloom  on  it  similar  to  a  plum.  It  cooks  well,  and 
is  productive.  A  good  fruit  for  market.  Exhibited  by 
K.  Buchanan  before  the  Horticultural  Society,  July, 
1855.  Fruit  Committee  decided  it,  "  Beautiful  and  very 
good." 

Autumn  Pearmain,  or  English  Summer  Pearmain,  Royal 
Pearmain^  Slglers  Red,  etc.    Color,  brownish  yellow,  green 


14  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

and  red ;  form,  oblong ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — This  is  our  Autumn  Seek-no-further.  The 
tree  is  a  slow  grower.  Branches  slender.  Flesh  crisp, 
firm,  and  a  little  dry. 

AUTUMNAL  SWAAE.  Color,  pale  green,  sometimes 
a  slight  red  in  sun  ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ; 
quality,  1  ;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — This  is  regarded  by  Dr.  Mosher,  of  La- 
ton  ia  Springs,  one  of  our  best  eating  apples.  The  grain 
is  very  fine  ;  juicy,  tender,  sprightly,  and  sub-acid  in  flesh. 
If  two-thirds  of  this  apple  rots,  the  remainder  retains  the 
fine  juice  and  flavor. 

Eailey  Spice.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Fruit  always  fair  at  Eochester,  'New  York ; 
moderate  growth ;  flesh,  sprightly;  spicy. 

Bailey  Sweet,  or  Patterson  Sweet,  Edgerly  Sweety  etc. 
Color,  clear  yellowish  red,  with  russet  patches ;  form, 
round  ovate,  flattened  ;  size  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Grown  in  Northern  Illinois,  where,  as  with 
us,  it  is  beautiful,  delicate,  sweet,  juicy,  and  rich. 

BALDWIN.  Color,  red  and  orange,  brilliant ;  form, 
roundish  oblate ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  (where 
it  succeeds);  season,  October  to  March. 

Eemarks. — Of  the  ^Esopus  Spitzenburg  family.  It  is 
the  great  Boston  Apple.  It  is  rather  subject  to  rot  in 
Ohio  and  Kentucky.  "Good  at  the  North;  sabject  to 
bitter  rot  at  the  South." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Soc.  In  this 
locality  (Cincinnati),  not  generally  successful  as  a  keeper, 
though  sometimes  seen  very  fine  in  January;  generally 


APPLES.  15 

an  early  winter  apple,  subject  to  worms  and  rot,  and 
never  to  be  compared  to  JEsopus  Spitzenburg  for  flavor. 
The  tree  bears  early  and  well ;  a  vigorous  grower;  toler- 
ably upright ;  spreads  when  older. 

Bartlett,  synonymous  with  Priestley,  or  Bullet.  Color, 
bright  red  on  yellow ;  form,  oblong  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ; 
quality,  3 ;  season,  January  to  June. 

Eemarks. — "  Long  keeper." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
Eather  an  inferior  fruit. 

Beauty  of  the  West,  Red  BcVJlower  of  some ^  and  Ohio  Nonpa- 
reil, Wells,  etc.  Color,  green  and  yellow  ;  form,  roundish, 
flat  at  base ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  2  to  3 ; 
season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — It  is  sweet,  and  keeps  some  time.  It  is 
handsome  but  rather  poor.  It  is  not  known  as  Eed  Bell- 
flower  at  Cincinnati,  or  in  the  south  of  Ohio.  A  remark- 
ably fine  grower. 

Beauty  of  Kent.  Color,  striped  with  purple,  red,  green- 
ish yellow ;  form,  roundish ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  3 ;  season, 
August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Eivals  the  Alexander  in  size,  but  not  so 
good  in  flavor.  The  tree  is  vigorous  and  productive. 
Exhibited  at  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  by  A.  H. 
Ernst,  August  21,  1855. 

BELLFLOWEE,  WHITE,  or  Detroit,  Ohio  Favorite, 
Orfley  by  Lindley,  etc.  Color,  pale  yellowish  white;  form, 
oblong  oval,  or  roundish  conical;  size,  1  to  2;  use,  table; 
quality,  nearly  1 ;  season,  December  to  April. 

Eemarks. — Large  on  rich  soils ;  core,  open.  "  Excel- 
lent on  most  strong  soils." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Soc.  It  is 
often  afl"ected  in  South  Ohio  with  the  bitter  rot,  but  where 


16  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

this  is  not  the  case  it  is  one  of  the  b^st  apples  in  South 
Ohio  and  Indiana.  There  is  now  a  superbly  fine  seedling 
CJf  this  variety,  raised  by  Mr.  Davis,  in  Southern  Indiana. 
This  seedling  has  the  advantage  of  not  being  hollow 
in  the  core,  like  the  parent  fruit,  the  White  Eellflower. 
It  is  named  Davis'  Seedling. 

BELLFLOWEE,  YELLOW.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with 
a  blush  next  the  sun  ;  form,  oblong ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ; 
quality,  1  ;  season,  October  to  March. 

Eemarks. — A  beautiful,  jjeculiarly  good  flavored,  and 
well  known  apple  in  the  markets  of  Cincinnati  and  the 
West.  The  wood  is  slender,  and  like  the  Newark,  or 
French  Pippin,  bears  its  fruit  on  the  ends  of  the  limbs. 
It  is  desirable  to  graft  it  above  ground.  The  blossoms 
are  very  beautiful.  It  is  a  superior  variety,  but  not  a 
great  bearer. ^  It  blooms  early,  and  before  the  leaves 
exj)and,  that  is,  on  long  stems,  and  therefore  liable  to  be 
frosted.  It  bears  well ;  the  fruit  drops  a  little,  but  all  are 
good  for  cooking  at  all  times.  It  becomes  of  less  value 
as  '^  is  grown  toward  the  north  of  us. 

Belmont,  or  Gate,  Color,  rich,  light  yellow,  with  a 
glossy  surface,  and  a  bronzy  blush  toward  the  sun ; 
form,  roundish  oblong,  but  irregular ;  size,  2 ;  use,  des- 
sert;  quality  (Cincinnati),  1  to  2;  season,  October  to 
February. 

Eemarks. — This  is  a  great  and  favorite  apple  in  ISTorth- 
ern  Ohio,  but  succeeds  indifferently  in  South -Western 
Ohio.  It  is  not  yet  fully  tested  in  this  locality.  Dr. 
Warder  considers  it  a  first-rate  apple,  if  it  can  be  so  called  x 
without  the  highest  flavor.  "  Generally  approved,  espe- 
cially in  JSTorthern  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Soc.  The 
Gate  is  very  fine  at  Marietta,  Ohio.  It  is  showy,  and 
looks  quite  rich  on  the  stalls. 


* 


APPLES.  "  17 


BENOIN^I.  Color,  striped  red  ;  form,  round  ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Excellent  \  one  of  the  best  earlj  fruits ; 
flesh,  yellow;  a  good  bearer;  sub-acid,  and  pleasant. 
Often  exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Soci- 
ety;  considered  by  the  Fruit  Committee  of  the  Society, 
"  prolific,  pleasantly  acid,  and  very  agreeable."  A  strong, 
upright,  good  grower.  "  Handsome,  early  and  good." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.     Comes  into  bearing  early. 

Bentleys  Sweet.  Color,  red  and  yellow  striped,  or 
blotched  ;  form,  oblong,  irregular,  flattened  at  ends  ;  sea- 
son, January  to  September. 

Eemarks. — "  G-ood  as  a  long  keeper." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Bevan.  Color,  broad  red  stripes  on  yellow  ground ; 
form,  roundish,  flattened,  slightl}^  conical ;  size  3  ;  use, 
table ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — Origin,  Ohio.  Best  for  market  purposes  to 
carry  long  distances.  But  at  any  rate  of  but  little  value, 
when  there  are  so  many  so  much  better.  "  Of  but  little 
value." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Beefsteak. 

Eemarks. — "Not  approved." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Better-than-good.     Size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — Bears  too  much.    A  Pennsylvania  apple. 

Bethlehemite.  Color,  striped  red  ;  form,  regular ;  size,  2  ; 
season,  October  till  April. 

Eemarks. — "  Eesembles  the  Newtown  Spitzenburg  in 
appearance." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Scarcely  worthy 
of  introduction  and  propagation.     A  fine  grower. 


18  western  fruit   book. 

Birmingham. 

Remarks. — Pronounced  by  the  National  Pomological 
Society  '-Good." 

Black  GtILLIflower.  "  Unworthy  of  culture." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Black  GilUfloicer  of  Dr.  Mosher.  Color, 
very  dark  red,  almost  black  ;  form,  long,  conical ;  a  No.  1 
apple ;  core,  hollow,  fine  flavor,  fine  perfume  ;  onl}^  fault, 
rather  dry,  calculated  for  a  more  Southern  climate,  and 
would  be  there  more  juic3\ 

Black  Apple.  Color,  deep  red ;  form,  round  ;  size,  2  ; 
use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

EE3IARKS. — There  are  several  in  the  West  of  this  kind. 
It  is  a  good  apple,  but  it  becomes  insipid  toward  Spring. 
It  is  sweetish.  The  tree  bears  well,  and  has  a  round  head. 
Jersey  Black  is  a  good  fruit  among  those  of  this  name. 
A  great  bearer,  and  a  fair  second-rate  apple.  Stands 
package  and  carriage  well.  In  Michigan  the  Black  Apple 
is  known  as  the  Detroit. 

Black  Detroit.  Color,  dark  blackish  crimson  ;  form, 
roundish,  flattened  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks. — Yery  similar  to  the  above,  but  is  larger, 
and  has  more  character. 

Black  Yandeyere.  Color,  very  dark  red  ;  form,  lop- 
sided ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks. — "  A  good  keeper,  and  second-rate." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Bledsoe. — Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  conical,  and 
rather  globular;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season, 
March  and  April. 

Remarks. — Seedling  from  Kentucky,  from  Col.  Lewis 


APPLES.  1,9 

Sanders,  of  Gallatin  county.     "  Yery  like  White  Pippin." 
—A.  H.  Ernst's  MSS. 

Blenheim  Orange.     Color,  yellow  and  dull  red ;  size, 

1  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  August  and  Sept. 

Eemarks. — Yery  like  Fall  Pippin.  Exhibited  by  E. 
Buchanan,  August,  1855. 

Blood.  Color,  dull  red;  form,  round;  size,  2;  use, 
table;  quality,  2;  season  December  to  March. 


Blockley  Pippin 

EEMi! 

quality 


Eemarks.  —  Large    and    productive,    of    second-rate 


Blue  Pearmain.  Color,  purple  red ;  form,  round ; 
size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  September  to 
January. 

Eemarks. — That  grown  by  Eihvanger  &  Barry  is  not 
correct.  The  true  is  very  large,  of  a  dark  red  bloom.  It 
is  a  2)oor  bearer.  Exhibited  before  Cincinnati  Horticul- 
tural Society,  July,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  "  consider  it 
of  much  value." 

BOHANOiS".  Color,  pale  green,  slight  blush  near  sun  ; 
form,  round,  flattened ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1  ; 
season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Brought  to  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society 
by  Lewis  Sanders,  of  Kentucky.  It  does  not  resemble 
the  Maiden's  Blush,  as  some  have  said,  but  is  one  of  the 
ver}^  best  Summer  fruits.  It  is  rather  a  good  bearer, 
grows  well,  and  a  choice,  fair  fruit.  It  is  a  better  apj^le 
than  the  Early  Eose,  but  not  quite  so  early.  One  of  the 
very  best.  Tvro  or  three  only  earlier.  "  Fine  southern 
apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Socuty. 


20  WESTERN   FRUIT   BOOK. 

BouGHj  Early  Sweet.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  roundish, 
conical  ovate ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July 
and  August. 

Eemarks. — A  fine  sugary  variety.  The  tree  is  a  com- 
pact grower,  and  is  rather  a  shy  bearer.  Subject  to  fall. 
When  really  ripe  ii3  fine,  but  never  much  flavor,  beside 
the  sweet.  Exhibited  by  several  members  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Horticultural  Society.  Committee  on  Fruit  decide  it 
"  a  fine  saccharine  variety." 

BoxFORD. — Color,  red  striped  ;  form,  compressed ;  size, 
2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August,  or  early  in  Sept. 

Eemarks. — Superior  to  most.  Tender,  pleasant,  but 
transient,  and  lacks  character. 

Brabant  Bellflower.  Color,  yellow  and  red  ;  form, 
roundish  oblong ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  to 
3;  season,  October  to  February. 

Ee3iarks. — Sharp,  sub-acid.  Handsome  and  striking 
in  appearance.  Almost  unworthy  of  cultivation,  too  much 
like  Pen  nock.  Its  fine  appearance  will  sell  it  in  market, 
until,  like  many  others  of  this  kind,  its  real  qualities,  and 
those  of  better,  are  more  known.  ''  Little  known  in 
Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Bracken,  synonj^mous  with  Wliite  Janeating,  and  Juneat- 
ing.  Color,  y<x\Q  yellow,  sometimes  a  faint  blush  ;  form, 
flattish  round;  size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season, 
early  in  July. 

Eemarks. — ISTot  very  good  for  the  kitchen.  In  south- 
eastern Ohio  a  favorite  early  apple  ;  also  in  Virginia  ;  else- 
where, little  known.  An  old  foreign  variety,  popular  in 
some  sections  for  its  earliness.  "  Eesembles,  if  not  identi- 
cal with.  Early  Harvest,  or  Yellow  Harvest  "  (Prince's). 
— Travs.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.     There  is  another  apple  near 


APPLES.  /  21 

Mr.  Sayer's,  Eeading  Eoad,  thought  distinct  from  Yellow 
Harvest. 

Brenanan.     Season,  August  and  September. 
EE3IARKS. — Eegarded  by  the  National  Pomological  So- 
ciety as  good. 

BEOADWELL  SWEET.  Color,  light  yellow;  form, 
roundish,  somewhat  flattened;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table; 
oiialitv,  1. 

Eemarks. — Approved  wherever  it  is  known.  A  very 
fine,  sweet  Winter  apple.  A  rather  slender  grower  ;  young 
wood  varicose.  Specimens  before  the  Cincinnati  Horti- 
cultural Society,  from  Mr.  Petticolas,  last  Winter,  Janu- 
ary, 1855.  This  variety  is  highly  recommended  for 
general  cultivation.  Its  origin,  Miami  county,  Ohio. 
Brought  into  notice  here,  first,  by  Mr.  Wm.  Eesor.  The 
best  sweet  apple.    Lady's  Sweeting  not  better,  if  so  good. 

Bronsons  Stveeiing. 

Eemarks.  —  Prom  Summit  count}',  Ohio.  "  Xot  ap- 
proved."—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

BULLOCK'S  PIPPm;  see  also  American  Golden 
Eusset.  Color,  yellow,  with  soft  russet;  form,  roundish 
ovate,  tapering  to  the  eye;  size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  1; 
season,  November  to  March. 

Eemarks. — A  very  highly  flavored  apple ;  none  m.ore 
so.  One  of  the  finest  dessert  fruits  in  December,  but  must 
not  be  too  ripe.  The  tree  grows  compactly,  and  is  not  an 
early  bearer.  This  fruit  should  command  double  price, 
otherwise  it  is  not  profitable,  and  it  does  generally.  A 
sure  bearer  and  profitable;  eaten  at  the  proper  point,  a 
great  fruit — the  very  best.  Bears  frost  after  they  are 
picked  better  than  most  apples. 


22  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Butter  Apple,  see  Apple  Butter. 

Eemarks. — Many  sweet  seedling  apples  in  the  "West 
have  this  name.     This  apple  is  little  known,  but  good. 

Cable's  Gilliflower  (Baltimore,  of  Elliott,  author 
of  American  Fruit  Grower's  Guide,  and  the  nearest, 
except  the  present  work,  to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati, 
except  Coxe).  Color,  light  yellow,  striped,  and  splashed 
Avith  red.  a  little  bronzed  russet  about  the  stem;  form, 
round;  size,  2  to  1;  use,  table  and  kitchen;  quality,  2; 
season,  November  to  February,  and  sometimes  March. 

Eemarks. — "  Second-rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
This  is  not  the  Baltimore  of  Lindley,  which  is  a  pale 
lemon  color,  tinged  with  red,  and  with  large  open  calyx. 

Culville,  White  and  Red. 

Eemarks. — The  Calvilles  are  not  admired  in  this  coun- 
try :  at  least  in  the  "\Y>.est. 
«/  ' 

Campfield.  Color,  green  and  yellow,  with  a  reddish 
blush  ;  form,  roundish  flattened;  size,  2;  use,  cider;  qual- 
ity, 2  ;  season,  December. 

Eemarks. — For  stock  and  cider.  One  of  the  best  and 
most  productive  sweet-cider  apj)les. 

Cannon  Pearmain.  Color,  yellow  with  dull  red,  large 
yellow  specks,  russety ;  form,  roundish,  often  angular; 
size  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  from  December  to 
March. 

Eemarks. — "Good  Winter." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
Yalued  much  by  F.  G.  Cary,  College  Hill,  near  Cincin- 
nati. A  good  apple  for  baking  in  Winter,  and  very  good 
to  eat  for  those  who  like  sweet  apples. 

Canadian  Pippin,  or  Canada  Pcinette,  with  many  other 


'apples.  23 

names.     Color,  light  greenish  yellow  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ; 
q[uality,  1  to  2  ;  season,  !N"ovember  to  April. 

Eemarks. — A  great  bearer,  and  of  fine  growth.  Of 
more  value  in  Canada,  or  at  the  North  than  around  Cin- 
cinnati ;  still,  it  is  a  good  fruit  here.  Some  have  thought 
it  to  be  our  favorite  White  Pippin,  but  it  is  not,  as  we 
have  proved  by  having  had  specimens  from  the  North  at 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  ;  and  Dr.  Warder 
saw  unquestioned  specimens  in  New  York  State,  which 
were  not  our  White  Pippin,  which  was  probably  one  of 
Wharton's  introduction.  It  is  certainly  not  our  White 
Pippin,  although  very  similar  in  many  respects. 

Carolina  Winter  Queen,  or  Nixs  Apple.  Color,  yellowish 
green ;  form,  flat,  or  nearly  so  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality, 
2  to  3. 

Eemarks. — This  apple  is  for  the  South,  where  it  is  very 
good.     It  will  not  suit  us  at  Cincinnati. 

Carolina  Bed  June.  Color,  red  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ; 
quality,  2 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

"Remarks. — Large  as  Summer  Queen.  Cultivated  much 
in  the  North;  a  very  distinct  variety;  of  medium  size; 
deep,  shining  red  and  white  ;  tender ;  flesh  of  pleasant 
flavor. 

Carnel's  Favorite. 

Remarks. — Pronounced,  "  Yery  good,"  by  the  National 
Pomological  Society. 

CARTHOUSE,  Gilpin,  or  Romanife  (see  both  titles). 

Remarks. — Is  prolific,  and  good  for  cider.  See  the 
other  names,  for  further  description,  of  which  it  is  well 
worthy. 


24  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Carter  Apple. 

Eemarks. — From  Yirginia.  JSTot  decided  upon  by  the 
J^ational  Pomological  Society. 

CAEY'S  SEEDLING.  Color,  clouded  green  and  yel- 
low ;  form,  round  oblate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Originated  at  Farmers'  College,  seven  miles 
from  Cincinnati.  Took  premium  at  Ohio  State  Fair  in 
1852.  Fine  grained,  tender,  pleasant  flavor;  acid  until 
quite  ripe,  when  it  becomes  a  pleasant  sub-acid.  Tree 
strong  and  vigorous,  bears  abundantly  every  second  year, 
like  some  others,  as  the  White  Jiineating,  Eeece's  Apple 
of  Campbell  county,  Ky.,  etc.     This  is  a  valuable  variety. 

Catshead,  or  Cathead  Greening,  or  Round  Catshead.  Color, 
yellowish  green  ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen  ; 
quality,  3 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Not  of  much  value,  only  for  cooking.  There 
is  another,  equally  worthless,  same  shape,  but  striped  yel- 
low and  red.     "  Second  rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Catline,  or  Grcgson  Apple.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  flat ; 
size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  and 
October. 

Eemarks. — Productive,  and  bears  early.  Shoots, 
straight  and  delicate.  "Good;  little  known.  Of  East- 
ern Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Chandler.  Color,  yellowish  green ;  form,  round,  im- 
perfect ;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  season, 
October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Yery  acid.  Exhibited  by  E.  Dana  to  Cin- 
cinnati Horticultural  Society,  August,  1855  ;  pronounced 


APPLES.  25 

by  Fruit  Committee,  "  Second  rate."  "  This  must  be  an 
error  of  the  Ohio  Pomological  Society  ;  Chandler  is  a 
dark  red  apple,  full  of  white  spots." — Dr.  Masher. 

Cheeseboroiigh  JRusset,  or  Hoicard  Iiussct,  Kingsbury  Russet, 
York  Russet,  of  some,  Forever  Pippin,  of  some,  West.  Color,  thin 
russet,  or  greenish  yellow;  form,  conical  ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
kitchen  ;  quality,  3;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — "Large,  coarse,  third  rate." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Clarke's  Seedling,  or  London  Sioeef, London  Winter  Sweet, 
Winter  Siccet,  and  Ileicke's  Winter  Sweet.  Color,  j)ale  yel- 
low ;  form,  roundish,  flattened  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — Much  cultivated  here,  South  Ohio.  Some- 
times plentiful  in  market.  This  fruit  somewdiat  resem- 
bles Broadwell.  Well  suited  to  the  rich,  deep  soil  of  the 
Miami  Yalleys. 

Codlin,  or  i?oj/a/  Codlin.  Color,  bright  yellow;  form, 
roundish,  flattened ;  size,  2 ;  use^  kitchen ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  often  by  E.  Buchanan,  Esq.,  at 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Eooms.  It  is  ribbed  a  little. 
The  flavor  is  sweetish,  lively,  and  good.  It  is  greenish 
near  the  stalk. 

CODLIN",  or  Keswick  Codlin.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ; 
form,  conical  oblong  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  for 
cooking  only;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — A  great  bearer.  Tree,  round  head,  very 
hardy.  The  fruit  cooks  well  in  about  ten  or  fifteen  min- 
utes ;  is  tender,  and  acid.  The  tree  bears  when  quite 
young,  and  the  fruit  hangs  long  and  well  on  the  tree, 
3 


26  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

'•  Popular  Slimmer  cooking  apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  It  is  rer}'  similar  to  the  Dutch  Codlin.  "  The 
English  Codiins  coddle  here  as  well  as  in  their  native 
land,  where  they  have  passed  into  a  proverb  for  their 
suj^reme  excellence  as  a  stewing  ap2:)le  ;  but  that  called 
the  English  Codlin  here,  is  often  blotched  and  knotty." — 
Trans.  Am.  Pom.  Society.  It  is  not  SO,  near  Cincinnati. 
"  Summer  apples,  of  the  best  English  sorts,  invariably 
become  too  acid  under  our  sun.  (  !  )  Bed  Astrachan,  from 
]!*^orth  of  Europe,  is  acid  and  dry." — Trans.  Am.  Pom. 
Society.  Keswick  Codlin,  exhibited  often  by  the  author  at 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Eooms,  and  very  fair  and  fine. 

Clyde  Beauty,  or  MacJcies.  Color,  pale  greenish  yel- 
low, striped  and  mottled  with  light  red,  deep  crimson  in 
the  sun  ;  form,  roundish  conical,  slightly  ribbed  ;  size,  1  ; 
use,  table;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Deserves  to  be  cultivated,  from  its  fine- 
grained, juicy,  sub-acid,  very  j^leasant  qualities. 

Cole.  Color,  bright  red  ;  form,  roundish,  little  conical ; 
size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  July  and 
August. 

Eemarks. — An  early  bearer,  and  a  pleasant,  sprightly 
fruit ;  also  hardy.     Fruit,  juicy  and  "  very  good." 

COOPEE.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  stripes  and 
blotches  of  pale  red;  form,  roundish,  flattened;  size,  1; 
use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  to  November. 

Eemarks. — Best  on  rich,  limestone  clay.  Eather  sub- 
ject  to   canker. •■^     Flesh,   yellowish,    crisp,  juicy.     It    is 

•'  One  sort  of  Canker  proceeds,  we  tliink,  from  the  ravages  of  the 
white  aphis,  or  apple  louse,  which  has  the  appearance  of  a  white  mold. 

Another  kind  of  Canker  of  apple  trees  may,  in  some  situations,  be 
caused  by  the  uncongenial  nature  of  the  soil.    A  person  has  informed  us 


APPLES.  27 

excellent,  and  of  the  finest  texture.  Dr.  Humphreys,  of 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,  says  it  is  from  France.  Barrels  of 
Cooper  apples  were  exhibited  at  the  Ohio  State  Fair,  in 
1850,  and  nothing  in  season  equaled  them.  It  is,  cer- 
tainly, one  of  the  very  best  Fall  apples.  Professor  F.  G-. 
Gary  says,  "  it  is  exceedingly  well  adapted  to  the  local- 
ity of  Cincinnati."  The  tree  is  a  fine,  strong,  upright 
grower.     The  fruit  is  fair  and  beautiful. 

Cooper's  Eedling,  of  New  York. 

Remarks. — "  Little  known  ;  second  rate." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Cooper's  Russeting.  Color,  yellow,  with  some  russet; 
form,  long  ovate;  quality,  2  ;  season,  November  to  Spring. 

Remarks. — Fruit,  dry,  sweet,  and  rich.  Excellent  for 
cider,  and  cooking. 

Cornish  Gilli flower ,  Color,  dark  green  and  yellow ; 
form,  ovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  August 
to  April. 

Remarks. — Much  esteemed  in  England.     A  bad  bearer 


that  having  observed  many  of  his  apple  trees  become  cankered  at  a  cer- 
tain period  of  growth,  he  was  induced  to  examine  the  nature  of  the  soil, 
at  the  greatest  depth  the  roots  had  penetrated,  and  Avhich  he  found  con- 
sisted of  gravel.  Not  being  willing  to  give  over  the  propagation  of  apple 
trees,  he  caused  a  pavement  of  bricks  to  be  made  on  the  bed  of  gravel, 
■which  obliged  the  roots  to  take  a  horizontal  direction,  and  thereby  pre- 
vented them  from  reaching  the  gravel ,  since  which  they  have  been  free 
from  canker. 

Another  kind  of  Canker,  or  Blight,  is  a  sort  of  white  mold  around  the 
lower  part  of  the  trunk,  -which  causes  the  bark  to  part  from  the  wood ; 
probably  caused  by  the  Winter  sun  (often  particularly  warm,  even  at 
that  season  of  the  year,  in  this  climate)  after  severe  frosts,  which,  when 
the  sap  has  been  frozen  causes  it  to  thaw,  and  being  unable  to  circulate, 
it  goes  into  fermentation,  and  rots. 


28  WESTERN     mUIT    BOOK. 

there,  but  promises  better  here.     It  is  very  like  the  Red 
i  dlliflower.     Both  are  poor. 

CRAB  APPLES.  See  the  varieties ;  chiefly  for  cider, 
<r  preserves;  the  largest  for  cider,  the  smallest  (as  the 
'\eautiful  red  Siberian)  for  preserves. 

CRACKING.  Color,  yellowish  white  ;  form,  roundish  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  ;  season,  September  to 
January. 

Remarks. — Of  Eastern  Ohio.  Tree,  strong  grower; 
requires  little  pruning.  Flesh,  tender,  juicy.  "  Yery 
good."  ISTew.  "Large  and  showy;  early  Winter." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Very  fine  wherever  known. 
Highly  esteemed  about  Massillon,  Ohio. 

Gulp.  "A  seedling  of  Jefl'erson  county,  Ohio." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Cumberland  Sweeting,  or  Cumberland.     Form,  round- 
ish, flattened ;  size,  1  ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — Valuable  for  market. 

Danvers'  Winter  Sweet.  Color,  dull  yellow,  and 
orange  ;  form,  roundish,  oblong ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  use,  kitchen  ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  all  Winter. 

Remarks. — Cooks  very  w^ell.  Flesh,  yellow,  firm,  sweet, 
and  rich.  Excellent  for  stock.  Exhibited  by  the  author, 
August,  1855,  at  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society's 
Rooms.  !Not  equal,  in  the  West,  to  Sweet  Butter,  Lady's 
Sweeting,  nor  Broadwell. 

Dana's  Baker. 

Remarks. — "  Of  Washington  county,  Ohio.  Generally 
approved." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 


APPLES.  29 

Daniel. 

Eemarks. — Of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  "  Little  known,  but 
good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

December  Jiusset. 

Eemarks. — Of  Morrow  county,  Ohio.  "  Little  known." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.     A  fine  keeper. 

Delight.  Color,  yellow  and  red;  size,  2;  use,  table 
and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  October  to  March. 

Eemarks. — "  A  good  and  beautiful  apple." — Elliott. 
From  E.  Buchanan's  orchard  —  an  orchard  which  has 
largely  contributed  to  the  beauty  and  interest  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati and  other  Societies'  Exhibitions. 

t 

DETEOIT.     See  White  Bellflower. 
Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  apples  grown. 

Doctor.  Color,  yellow  with  red;  form,  regular,  flat; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  to 
February. 

Eemarks. — Much  grown  in  Southern  Ohio  and  Indiana. 
Not  generally  much  grown,  for  though  a  pleasant  and  hand- 
some, crisp,  juicy  fruit,  of  large  size,  it  is  a  poor  bearer. 
The  apple  grown  generally  for  this,  hereabout  (Cincin- 
nati), is  Hay's  Winter  Wine. 

DoMiNE.  Color,  red  and  green  ;  form,  regular  ;  size,  2  ; 
use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  all  Winter,  or 
October  to  April. 

Eemarks. — Origin  not  exactly  known.  Tree,  a  strong, 
vigorous  grower.  A  tremendous  bearer.  A  good  house- 
hold Winter  fruit.  A  large,  showy,  fair  fruit,  when  not 
too  full. 


30  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

DEAP  D'  OR,  or  Bay  Apple.  Color,  dull  yellow  and 
gold;  form,  roundish  flattened;  size,  1;  use,  table  and 
kitchen  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  to  November. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  finest  Autumn  fruits.  Rij^ens 
and  falls  during  two  months,  and  even  when  green  is  fine 
for  cooking.  "  Most  fair  and  delicious." — Fruit  Committee 
Clnrinnati  Horticultural  Society.  "  Excellently  well  adapted 
to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Cary^  President  of 
the  Society  for  the  year  1856. 

Dumpling,  or  Croohed  Limb  Pippin^  French  Pippin  of 
Indiana,  and  ]Yatson.''s  Dumpling.  Color,  light  yellow,  blush 
in  sun  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  form,  roundish, 
oblong  ;  season,  October  to  December. 

E.EMARKS. — "Second  rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Dutch  Mignonne.  Color,  dull  orange;  form,  roundish, 
regular ;  size,  1  ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Octo- 
ber to  February. 

Remarks. — This  is  one  of  the  few  great  acquisitions 
from  abroad.  Its  appearance  is  superb  and  flavor  rich. 
The  tree  bears  fine  crops. 

Dyer,  Pomme  Royal,  or  Smithfield  Spice.  Color, 
pale  yellow  or  white ;  form,  globular ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use, 
table ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks.  —  Admired  where  known.  An  excellent 
variety,  ripening  in  September,  in  this  locality.  An  early 
bearer. 

Duchess  of  Oldenburgh.  Color,  striped  red  and  yel- 
low; form,  roundish;  size,  2;  use,  table  and  kitchen, 
more  of  the  latter;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and  Sep- 
tember, sometimes  July,  in  Cincinnati. 


APPLES.  31 

Eemarks. — Most  beautifully  strij^ed,  a  kitchen  apple 
almost  entirely.     Tree  vigorous,  with  upright  shoots. 

EAELY  HAEYEST,  Princes',  or  Yellow  Harvest.  Color, 
pale  light  yellow;  form,  round;  size,  2;  use,  table  and 
kitchen;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — Most  excellent  for  cookinij;.  Well  known 
and  ever}' where  approved.  "  Excellently  well  adapted  to 
the  vicinit}^  of  Cincinnati."  F.  Gr.  Cary,  College  Hill. 
Exhibited  continually  during  season,  and  considered  one 
of  the  very  best  early  apples  for  all  purposes  except  keep- 
ing. Some  do  not  consider  it  equal  to  Earl}'  Yellow 
June  (a  counterfeit  of  Early  June),  which  is  less  tart, 
and  often  planted  for  Early  Harvest,  and  believed  to  be 
the  true  variety  by  many  of  the  best  pomologists.  M. 
McWilliams,  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  Fruit 
Committee,  has  both.  Manure  with  plenty  of  lime  and 
potash.  The  Early  Harvest  of  the  late  Dr.  Flagg  differs 
from  Prince's  Early  Harvest. 

Early  Eed  Margaret..  Color,  green,  red  in  sun  ;  form, 
roundish,  oblong,  conical ;  size,  2  to  3  ;  use,  table;  quality, 
2;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Tree  moderate  bearer,  with  upright  downy 
shoots.     It  is  not  equal  to  Early  Strawberry. 

Early  Chandler,  see  Chandler.  A  favorite  at  Mari- 
etta, Ohio,  and  of  G.  Dana.  "Handsome,  high  flavored, 
acid." — Trans.    Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

EAELY  STEAWBEEEY,  or  Red  Juneatlng.  Color, 
yellowish  white,  striped  and  stained  over  with  bright  and 
dark  red  ;  form,  roundish,  varying  to  conical  and  angular  ; 
size,  3 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Tree  very  erect,  with  dark  wood.     Good  in 


32  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

all  soils  and  generally  esteemed.  Exhibited  b}^  many 
members  of  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society.  "  A  great 
favorite,"  Fruit  Committee.  "Excellently  well  adapted 
to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati."     F.   G-.   Gary,     President 

for  1856. 

Early  Red  Sweeting.     Color,  light  red  ;  form,  roundish, 
flattened  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  August. 
Eemarks. — Xot  approved  generally. 

Early  Joe.  Color,  pale  yellow  and  green  ;  form, 
roundish,  flattened;  size,  3;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2;  season, 
August. 

Eemarks.  —  lias  a  most  delicate  pear  flavor.  Not 
suited  to  orcharding,  and  of  slow  growth.  It  is  very 
hardy,  but  should  liavc  a  rich,  strong  soil.  "  Yery  delicate 
and  excellent  Avhen  in  perfection." — Trans.  Ohio  Foni. 
Society.  ^ 

EAHLY  JUXE,  July  Pippin,  Large  White  Juneating, 
Early  French  Reinette,  etc.  Color,  pale  light  yellow,  with 
a  few  dots  of  white;  form,  roundish,  rarel}'  a  little  flat- 
tened ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
July. 

Eemarks. — "Eesembles  very  much  Early  Harvest  and 
Bracken." — Trans.    Ohio   Pom.   Society. 

Early  Sweet  Bough,  see  Early  Bough. 

English  Russet.  Color,  light  green  and  yellow;  form, 
roundish  ovate,  or  conical;  size,  2 ;  use,  kitchen  only; 
quality,  3 ;  season,  all  Winter  and  Spring. 

Eemarks. — There  is  a  Golden  Eusset  like  this  in  Cen- 
tral Ohio.  A  very  long  keeper,  over  a  year ;  therefore, 
on  this  account,  perhaps  of  some  value,  but  it  is  not  sujDe- 


APPLES.  33 

rior,  not  even  for  the  kitchen.  Decidedly  poor,  though 
prolific,  and  a  great  keeper.  It  is,  at  all  events,  not  better 
than  the  American  Pippin  or  Grindstone,  which  will  also 
keep  till  July,  and  be  no  better  after  all  than  "  dried 
apples,"  and  often  not  near  so  good  as  many  of  them. 

Early  Pennock^  Sleeper  s  Yellow,  Warren  Pennoch,  etc. 
Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  roundish,  tapering  to  the 
eye;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2  to  3;  season,  July  and 
August. 

Remarks. — Is  from  Harrison  and  Belmont  counties. 
Trees,  vigorous,  hardy,  and  prolific  bearers.  A  little  less 
than  second  quality. 

Early  Eed  Streak.  Color,  striped  red ;  form,  roundish  ; 
size,  2;  use,  kitchen;  quality,  3;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Remarks. — An  English  cider  apple  merely.  It  thrives 
Avell  in.  this  country.  It  is  one  of  the  most  coarse  and 
tart  of  early  apples.  Much  grown  about  Philadelphia 
and  Cincinnati,  and  sells  remarkably  well. 

Ernst's  Sweeting.  Remarks. — "But  little  known." — 
Trans.   Ohio  Pom.  Society.     See  Sweeting,  Ernst's. 

^sopus  Spitzenburg.  Color,  rich,  lively  red  on  yel- 
low ;  form,  flat  at  base,  oblong,  tapering  to  the  eye,  ribbed ; 
size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1  to  2  (near  Cincinnati)  ] 
season,  January  to  March. 

Remarks. — Tree  has  a  drooping  head ;  stem  varies  in 
size.  Handsome  and  very  good,  and  highly  approved  in 
some  localities,  particularly  toward  the  North.  It  re- 
quires much  lime  and  potash.  In  the  North  is  its  place 
for  superiority  ;  and  it  is,  there,  e:jiquisitely  flavored.  One 
of  the  best  cooking  apples  in  the  catalogue.     In  Northern 


34  WESTERN   FRUIT    BOOK. 

Illinois  it  is  subject  to  blight.  In  Southern  Ohio  and 
Indiana  it  is  too  large  and  less  solid,  and  is  often  russety. 
It,  there,  ripens  too  early  for  a  Winter  fruit,  but  still  fine. 

Eve  Apple,  of  the  Irish,  or  Early  June,  Eggtop,  etc.,  etc. 
Color,  green,  red  in  sun  ;  form,  roundish,  oblong,  conical ; 
size,  3;  quality,  2  to  3;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — An  inferior  fruit.  Its  shape  is  very  long 
and  singular. 

Fahnestock's  Sweeting. 

Eemarks. — "Handsome  shaped  Summer  apple." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Fall  Bough. 

"  Little  known,  not  approved." — Trans.  Ohio  Pomological 
Society. 

FALL  PIPPIN,  sometimes  called  Golden  Pippin.  Color, 
green  and  yellow;  form,  roundish,  conical,  somewhat  flat- 
tened :  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September 
to  December. 

Eemarks. — Extensively  grown  in  the  West.  Tender, 
sub-acid,  aromatic.  "Not  Holland  Pippin.  Large,  hand- 
some and  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Is  good  about 
Cincinnati,  and  highly  esteemed.  It  ripens  gradually. 
Does  not  keej)  long.  The  Holland  Pippin  often  con- 
founded with  it;  but  as  the  Ohio  Pom.  Society  states 
above,  not  the  same.  Downing  wonderfully  suggested 
that  these  apples  might  be  confounded.  They  are  not  at  all 
alike.  The  Fall  Pippin  drops  badly  from  old  trees.  More 
open  at  the  eye  than  the  Holland  Pippin.  Yery  good. 
"  Excellently  well  adapted  to  the  locality  of  Cincin- 
nati."— F.  G.  Gary,  President  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society  for  1856. 


APPLES.  ^  35 

Fall  Heavy. 

JRemarks. — Little  known  here  (Ohio).  "  Not  as  good 
as  Fall  Pippin." — Trans.    Ohio  Pom.   Society. 

Fallawater,  or  Fallenwalder,  or  apple  of  the  fallen 
timher,  called^  also.,  Talpalwchcn^  from  the  creek  of  that  name. 
Color,  pale  yellow  and  green  ;  form,  roundish  flattened, 
and  roundish  ovate  ;  si2:e,  1  to  2 ;  use^  table ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  December  to  May. 

Eemarks — The  English  books  say  this  apple  possesses 
the  ISTewtown  Pippin  flavor.  Ours  does  not  at  all. 
"Second  rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Valuable  for 
distant  markets.  Has  a  thick  skin.  Requires  rich  lime- 
stone soils.  Fruit,  always  fair  and  large.  "Is  a  great 
bearer  of  very  fair,  large  apples,  wanting  much  flavor." — 
Reports  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  American  Pom.  Society. 
In  our  own  locality  (Cincinnati),  it  is  not  so  valuable  for 
carrying  far,  as  our  soil  seems  to  give  it  a  flesh  more  soft, 
and,  therefore,  more  easily  bruised.  Its  flavor,  even  here, 
will  suit  people  whose  tastes  are  rather  easily  pleased. 
Its  flavor  is  anywhere  not  high,  and  when  cooked  it 
has  hardly  any.  Still  it  is  a  tolerably  passable  Winter 
fruit. 

FALL  QUEE:N",  Bed  Gloria  Mundi,  Horse  Apple,  or 
Mundys.  Color,  green  and  yellow  to  orange,  mostly 
etrij^ed  with  red ;  form,  roundish  conical ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July  and  August 
to  October. 

Eemarks. — Well  known  in  Kentucky.  Valued  highly 
South  and  West,  especially  for  cooking.  "  Of  Southern 
Ohio.  Large  and  handsome." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
A  grand  apple  for  early  Winter.  One  of  the  best  large 
apples,  worth  fifty  Gloria  Mundi's^  and  very  superior  to 
the  above  apple — Fallawater. 


36  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Fall  Wine.  Color,  rich  red,  green  at  stem  ;  form, 
rounded,  flattened ;  size,  2 ;  use,  fine  table ;  quality,  2  j 
season,  September  to  October. 

Eem ARKS. —This  is  distinct  from  the  Wine  Apple. 

Father  Abraham,  from  St.  Louis. 

Eemarks. — "  Wood-thrifty,  but  thorny.  Fruit,  good  ; 
form,  conical ;  color,  j^ellow,  with  a  red  side  ;  flavor,  high  ; 
a  good  keeper."  Fruifs  of  Missouri,  by  Thomas  Allen,  of 
St.  Louis.  "  A  fine  table  apple.  Little  known." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Exhibited  at  Cincinnati,  at  the  Horti- 
cultural Society  Fair  in  1843.  It  was  then  and  there 
regarded  valuable.  It  is  not  a  great  bearer,  but  regular. 
0£  fenoidlet  flavor,  which  becomes  rather  tiresome,  though 
agreeable  at  first. 

Fameuse,  or  Pontine  de  Nelge,  or  Snoic  Apple.  Color, 
crimson  red,  with  a  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  round ;  size, 
2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September 
and  October  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Of  uncommon  beauty.  Flesh,  snowy  white, 
tender  and  delicious.  Succeeds  best  in  the  North.  A 
most  delicate  Canadian  or  IS'orthern  Winter  fruit,  but 
with  us  a  Fall  apple,  very  prolific,  beautiful,  delicate  flesh, 
juicy.  Of  no  decided  flavor  ;  still  less  when  cooked,  but 
cooks  well. 

Father  Apple.     Size,  2;  use,  kitchen. 

Eemarks. — From  West  Bloomfield,  Ontario  county, 
!N"ew  York.  Not  yet  tested  in  this  locality.  J.  E.  Watts, 
Esq.,  of  Eochester,  says  the  Father  Apple  is  worth  its 
weight  in  gold.  It  makes  a  fine  sauce  without  sugar,  and 
cooks  well. 

Father  Abraham.     Color,  red,  little  yellow,  spots  and 


APPLES.  37 

blotches  of  darker  red  ;  form,  flat ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  and 
kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  early  Winter. 

Eemarks.  —  From  Virginia.  Considerably  grown  in 
Kentucky.  Coxe  esteemed  this  aj)ple  of  much  value  in 
his  time.     It  keeps  till  Aj)ril. 

'Favorite. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Kentucky.  Little  known  in  Ohio. — 
J'rans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Federal.  . 

Eemarks. — "Of  Mr.  Springer,  of  Ohio.  Little  known." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Fink. 

Eemarks. — "  A  seedling  of  Perry  county,  Ohio,  Very 
long  keej^er.     Clood." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Fleiner.  Color,  striped,  lemon  j^ellow  and  red,  red  cheek, 
oblong;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  September 
and  October. 

Eemarks. — Its  great  productiveness  is  its  chief  value, 
which  is  very  remarkable. 

Flower  of  Kent.  Color,  dull  ^^ellow,  or  tawny,  and  red; 
form,  roundish  flattened,  use,  cooking  and  baking;  size, 
1 ;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  September  to  Januar}^. 

Eemarks. — Coarse,  sub-acid,  and  hardly  worthy  of  cul- 
tivation. 

FLUSHmG  SPITZENBUEG.  See  Newtown  SpUxen- 
hurg,  Ox  Eye^  and  Joe  Berry. 

Fort  Miami.  Color,  brownish  red,  more  or  less  riis- 
seted ;    form,   roundish    oblong,  flattened    at   both    ends, 


do  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

widest   at  base,  uneven,  somewhat  ribbed ;  size,  1  to  2 ; 
use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  January  to  April. 

Eemarks. — Flavor  highly  sj^icy,  with  a  sub-acid  taste. 
Does  not  bear  earl}^,  but  when  older  produces  fine  crops. 

FEAKKLT^'S  GOLDEN  PIPPIN.  Color,  pale  light 
greenish  yellow,  with  white  finish  net-work,  few  russet 
dots;  form,  roundish  ovate,  regular  conical;  size,  2;  use, 
table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks^ — A  good,  rich,  yellow  green  apple,  but  little 
known.  From  Dr.  Hildreth  of  Marietta.  One  of  the 
nicest  apples  of  the  season.  Comes  in  just  before  the 
Bellflower.  Eich,  juicy,  good,  regular  bearer.  Grown 
ne^r  Mr.  Sayers,  Eeading  Eoad. 

Fronclin.  Color,  bright  red ;  form,  regular  round ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — "  Very  prolific,  even  when  young." — Penn- 
sylvania Pom.  Trans. 

FEENCII  PIPPIN,  see  Neicark  Pippin^  the  same  apple, 
one  of  the  most  valuable  of  fruits,  only  rather  feeble  in 
growing.     There  is  another,  of  little  value,  of  this  name. 

Gabriel,  or  Ladies'  Blush.  Color,  yellowish  striped, 
and  splashed  with  pale  red  ;  form,  roundish  conical ;  size, 
medium  or  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  October 
and  November. 

Eemarks.  —  "An  excellent  Fall  apple." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

GATE  or    Waxen^  see  Belmont. 

Genneting. 

Eemarks. — Of  Muskingum  Yalley,  Ohio.  "Early,  acid, 


APPLES.  39 

second-rate." — Trans.    Ohio  Pom.   Society.     This  is  not  the 
valuable  Eaules'  Janet,  or  Genneting,  of  Kentucky. 

GEOEGE  APPLE.  Color,  pale  yellow;  form,  round- 
ish flattened  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July. 

Kemarks. — "  Eesembles  Early  Harvest,  perhaps  identi- 
cal."—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

GILPIN,  Romanite  of  the  West,  or  Carihoiise.  Color, 
red  and  yellow;  form,  round  flattened;  size,  nearly  3 ; 
use,  table  and  cider ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Tree  very  hardy  and  prolific.  Generally 
escapes  frost.  Worth  double  the  price  of  other  apples  in 
general,  in  June.  Ycry  valuable,  therefore,  as  an  orchard 
market  fruit,  but  of  nearl}^  third-rate  quality.  Mr.  Sam'l 
Carter,  two  miles  back  of  Newport,  Kentucky,  considers 
it  his  most  profitable  market  fruit  in  the  month  of  June. 
It  makes  good  cider,  and  is  rich  in  giving  body  to  others. 
Bears  bruising  remarkably  well,  may  be  knocked  ofl"  with 
poles,  shoveled  into  a  cart,  dumped  down  on  the  ground, 
and  holed  away  like  turnips,  and  go  to  market,  next 
Spring,  in  sound  condition.  "  Eather  small,  good  keeper, 
second  rate  as  to  quality." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Gloria  Mundiy  3Ionstrous  Pippin.,  American  Mammoth,  Balti- 
more Pippin,  Pound,  etc.  Color,  lemon  yellow,  dull  white 
spots ;  form,  round,  rather  angular,  flattened ;  size,  1  ;  use, 
kitchen  ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  September  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Gigantic.  Sometimes  weighs  near  a  pound 
and  a  half.  It  is  pretty  good  for  cooking  and  drying.  The 
tree  is  vigorous,  and  bears  well.  "Very  large,  second 
rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Exhibited  often  before 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  and  monstrous  speci- 
mens. Generally  considered  '•  unworthy,"  except  for 
curiosity   of   size   and  for   show.     The  Talpahocken,  or 


40  WESTERN    FRUlTBOOK. 

Fallawater,  often  approaches  it  in  size.,  but  is  a  much 
better  apple.  Falls  a  great  deal  in  rich  soils.  The  tree 
becomes  very  large.  It  succeeds  well  with  us,  except  on 
clayey  soils,  and  deep  prairies. 

Gloucester  White 

Eemarks. — "  Not  deserving  to  be  known." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Glory  of  York.  See  Eibston  Pippin,  the  finest  apple  of 
England,  and  of  the  IS'orthern  States. 

GoEF  Apple. 

Eemarks. — "  A  seedling,  from  Champaigne  county, 
Ohio.     A  good  apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

GOLDEK. 

Eemarks. — Of  Perry  county,  Ohio.  "  Eesembles  Early 
Harvest;  perhaps  identical." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Golden  Drop.     See  Court  of  Wyck. 

Golden  Eall,  Belle  et  Bonne  (called  Belly  Bounds  a  cor- 
ruption of  Belle  et  Bonne^ ^  or  Connecticut  Apple.  Color,  rich 
yellow,  sometimes  a  faint  blush  near  the  stalk,  and  with 
rough  dots  ;  form,  roundish,  lessening  to  the  eye  ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  .season,  September  to 
December. 

Eemarks. — Pretty  good.  This  is  not  the  same  as  the 
Belle  et  Bonne  of  Lindley.  It  requires  a  rich,  strong,  and 
compact,  or  heavy  soil.     It  bears  well  as  it  grows  older. 

Golden  Harvey. 

Eemarks. — "  Unworthy." — Dr.  Warder^  one  of  our  best 
Western  Pomologists. 


APPLES.  41 

Golden  Pippiri. 

Eemarks. — Eather  a  vague  name  in  this  country.  Once 
very  good  in  Britain,  but  of  late  years  failing  there  ;  in 
some  places  becoming  very  hard  and  specky,  and  fine, 
again,  in  other  parts.  In  America  it  is  a  synonyme,  erro- 
neously, for  Fall  Pippin,  Ortley,  and  several  other  yellow 
apples.     Some  of  the  fruit,  under  this  name,  is  unworthy. 

Golden  Rehictte. 

Eemarks. — "Inferior;  foreign." — Dr.  Warder.  "A  fine 
European  Dessert  Apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

G0LDE:N'  sweet.  Color,  pale  yellow ;  form,  round  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  baking  fruits,  without  sugar. 
On  list  for  stock.  "  Good  and  profitable  Summer." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society-. 

GOLDEX  EXJSSET.  See  American  Golden  Eusset, 
Bullock's  Pippin,  etc. 

Governor.     Of  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Eemarks. — "Little  known." — Trans. Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Gravenstein.  Color,  bright  yellow  ;  form,  rather  flat- 
tened, one-sided  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table,  but  chiefly  cooking ; 
quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — A  German  fruit.  Bears  well  young.  A 
strong  grower.  "  Handsome,  good,  early  Summer." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Sometimes  excellent.  Probably  not 
generally  profitable.    Sometimes  very  coarse,  and  too  acid. 

GEEEN -NEWTOWN  PIPPIN.     See   Newtown  Pip- 
pin, Green. 
4 


42  western  fruit  book. 

G-reen's  Choice. 

Remarks. — Handsome  ;  red  striped ;  passed  by  the  Na- 
tional Pomological  Society,  "  Yery  good." 

Green  Siceetwg. 

Eemarks. — '"  Of  Xew  York.  Little  known  in  Ohio." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society, 

Grey  House.     See  Black  Yandevere. 

Grimes's  Golden  Pippin. 

Remarks. — '•  A  good  seedling  from  Yirginia." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Grindstone.  See,  also,  American  Pippin.  Color,  red  on 
green;  form,  flat;  use,  kitchen;  quality,  4 ;  season,  all 
Winter,  and  till  July. 

Eemarks. — Abundant  bearer.  Hangs  well.  Like  the 
Lansingburgh,  Yirginia  Greening,  and  a  few  others,  a 
very  great  keeper,  but  a  very  poor  apple,  almost  w^orthless. 

Gully  Apple. 

Eemarks. — Pennsylvania  apple  ;  much  boasted  of  Lit- 
tle known  here,  at  present.  It  would  be  well  to  try  it, 
and  all  others  with  a  great  reputation  elsewhere. 

Hagloe.  Color,  red  ;  form,  round  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  and 
kitchen  ;    quality,  2 ;    season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Distinct  from  Hagloe  Crab,  a  small,  ovate, 
cider  apple.  (See  title.  Cider  Apples,  in  our  descriptions 
of  apples.)  Exhibited  by  A.  H.  Ernst. 

HAEEISOlSr.  Color,  green  and  yellow  ;  form,  conical ; 
Rize,  3  ;  use,  cider  ;  season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Yery  good  cider  apple  (see  C<der  Apples"). 


APPLES.  43 

The  Jersey  cider  apple  for  Champagne.  Prolific.  Holds 
well.  May  be  gathered  late,  and  manufactured  any  time. 
It  keeps  long,  and  is  a  good  cooking  apple  near  Spring. 

HARTroRD  Sweeting.  Color,  red  striped  on  greenish 
yellow;  form,  roundish,  flattened;  size,  1;  use,  table; 
quality,  2;  season,  November  to  March. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  whitish,  tender  and  juicy.  "  Yery 
good." 

Hawley.  Color,  pale  yellow  and  green  ;  form,  round, 
varies;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  Fall. 

Eemarks. — Fine  flavored.  Flesh,  yellowish  white,  ten- 
der, with  a  rich  sub-acid.     "  Excellent." 

Hawthornden.  Color,  pale  light  3'ellow,  blush  in  the 
sun;  form,  pretty  regular,  roundish,  rather  flattened; 
size,  2  to  1;  use,  table,  cooking  or  drying;  quality,  2; 
season.  Autumn. 

Eemarks. — A  Scotch  apple.  It  has  some  resemblance, 
but  is  not  equal  to  that  good,  and  to  most,  agreeable  apple, 
the  Maiden's  Blush.  It  cooks  as  well.  Is  little  known  in 
Ohio;  grown  more  in  the  North-west,  where  it  is  more 
suited.  It  has  not  yet  been  tried  in  this  locality — at  least 
we  have  not  seen  it.  If  it  is  as  good  as  Maiden's  Blush, 
it  will  do. 

Hay's  Winter,  or  Wine  Apple.  Color,  pale  green,  be- 
coming yellow  when  near  ripe  ;  form,  roundish  flattened  ; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
December  to  March. 

Eemarks. — Much  grown  in  Ohio  and  Indiana.  Un- 
worthy its  high  repute  among  some.  Confounded  with 
Dr.  Dewitt. 


44  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Heicke's  Summer  Queen,  of  Dayton,  Ohio.  "  A  good 
apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Heicke's  Winter  Sweet,  London  Sweet,  and  Clark's  Seed- 
ling ;  ^qq  London  Sweet.  Plentiful  in  Cincinnati  market. 
Resembles  that  most  valuable  fruit,  the  Broadwell.  Adap- 
ted to  the  rich,  deep  soils  of  the  AYest,  like  the  fair,  rich 
and  beautiful  Broadwell. 

Helen's  Favorite.  Color,  dark  red;  form,  round; 
size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  January  and  Feb. 

Eemarks. — From  Troy,  Ohio.  "  Very  Good." — A.  H. 
Ernst's  Reports.     "  Very  good." — Dr.  Warder. 

Herefordshire  Pearmain,  Royal  Pearmain,  Old  Pear- 
main,  etc.  Color,  brownish  red,  mottled  with  russety 
green  ;  form,  roundish,  conical ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  qual- 
ity, 2;  season,  December  to  February. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  rich,  strong  soil ;  fruit  then  is 
fine,  and  of  superior  excellence.  Seldom  seen  here. 
Grown  in  New  York  and  ISTorthern  Indiana,  and  Illinois. 
It  is  there  very  rich  and  fine.  AYe  do  not  think  the  apple 
w^e  have  by  this  name  is  correct,  as  it  does  not  answer 
the  description  in  the  books. 

HEWES'  VIRGINIA  CRAB.  Color,  dull  red,  dotted 
with  white  specks,  and  obscurely  streaked  with  greenish 
yellow;  form,  nearly  round;  size,  4  to  5  ;  use,  cider; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  AYinter. 

Remarks. — A^ery  prolific,  and  very  fine  for  cider — sur- 
passingly fine.  Cider  from  it  keeps  very  long.  Tree  very 
hardy,  though  small. 

Heteric.      Form,   regular  round ;    size,   2   to  1 ;   use, 


APPLES.'  45 

table    and    kitchen;    quality,   2;    season,   ^November    to 
January. 

Eemarks. — A  Pennsylvania  apple.  A  decided  favorite. 
Fine  bearer.     Form  always  perfect. 

Herman.   Color,  red  ;  form,  oblong ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — Flesh  rather  greenish,  tender,  juicy,  and  of 
high  flavor. 

Holland  Pippin.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  more 
regularly  round  than  the  Fall  Pippin,  stem  shorter,  and 
cavit}^  not  so  deep,  more  broad  and  open  ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  fit  for  pies  in  August  to 
January. 

Kemarks. — Often  confounded  with  the  Fall  Pippin. 
Different,  however ;  does  not  approach  to  its  excellence. 
The  Gravenstein  is  better  even  for  cooking.  The  time  of 
ripening  is  also  different.  It  deserves  a  place  in  the  gar- 
den. Sometimes  called  Golden  Pippin.  Superior  for 
cooking  and  drying,  and  a  good  table  apple.  "ISTot  Fall 
Pi2:)pin." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Honey  Greening,  or  Green  Siveef.  "  Of  Washington 
county,  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Color,  dull 
greenish  white,  or  yellow,  with  greenish  white,  or  some- 
times pale  russet  dots;  form,  roundish;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use, 
table;  quality,  2;  season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — Is  a  large  fruit  in  Indiana,  as,  indeed,  most 
of  our  apples  are.  Flesh,  greenish  white,  tender,  juicy, 
and  quite  sw^eet. 

Hooper's  Eed  Streak.  Form,  round ;  size,  3 ;  use, 
table  and  cider;  quality,  2;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — A  very  handsome  Fall  apple.  A  Seedling. 
Small,  remarkably  juicy,  and  very  sweet  for  a  sub-acid 


46  AVESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

J" 

apple  :    unequaled,   indeed,  in  this  respect.       Tree  very 
large  and  straight,  with  long,  upright  branches. 

HOESE  APPLE,  a  synonynie  of  Fall  Queen,  which  see. 

Horse  Apple,  of  T.  Y.  Petticolas.  "Not  approved." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.   Society. 

Howard. 

Eemarks. — Eegarded  a^s  very  good  by  the  National 
Pom.  Society.     Beautiful  and  excellent,  North  and  East. 

Huhhardston  Kon-such.  or  Sutton,  etc.  Color,  yellow 
ground,  striped  witli  rich  red;  form,  roundish  ovate;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  qualit}',  2 ;  season,  October  to 
June. 

Eemarks. — Very  like  Baldwin  and  Ecd  Canada,  but 
larger.  Worthy  of  orchard  culture  in  suitable  places, 
but  not  in  Southern  Ohio.  It  ripens,  here,  too  soon, 
and  drops  badly.  Is  too  coarse  for  table  or  dessert. 
Baldwin  has  been  widely  distributed  under  this  name. 
The  tree  is  spreading  and  productive. 

Jack  Apple,  or  Early  Jack.  Color,  deep  brown,  with 
green  spots. 

Eemarks. — When  ripe  the  fruit  is  almost  white,  very 
juicy,  and  of  such  an  undecided  sweet  and  sour,  that  it 
can  not  be  said  to  be  either. 

Jersey  Black. 

Eemarks. — "Little  known,  and  of  little  value." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.    Society. 

Jersey  Red  Streak,  of  Mr.  Springer.  "Not  approved." — 
Trans,  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 


APPLES.  47 

Irish  Feach  Apple.     "  Unworthy.'* 

Imperial  Yandevere. 

Kemarks. — "  A  Pennsylvania  apple.  Seedling  of  the 
Smoke  House,  but  rather  coarser."  Fennsylvania  Pom. 
Reports. 

Ironstone,  or  Eastern  Pippin.  Color,  deep  green,  brown- 
ish blush ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality, 
3;  season,  November  to  June, 

Eemarks. — Sprightly,  juicy,  and  pleasant. 

JEFFEIES. 

Eemarks. — Eegarded  by  the  l^ational  Pomological  So- 
ciety as  "  Best."  Season,  August  and  September;  color, 
pale  yellow,  striped  and  stained  with  red,  becoming  dark 
in  sun;  form,  roundish  flattened;  size;  2;  use,  table; 
quality,  1. 

Jenkins.  Color,  red,  with  large  white  dots  on  a  yel- 
lowish ground;  form,  roundish  ovate;  size,  o;  use,  table; 
quality,  2 ;  season,  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  white,  tender,  as  good,  perhaps  bet- 
ter than  the  famous  little  Lady  Apple.  Beautiful  aud 
excellent  for  evening  entertainments.  But  whether,  like 
the  Lady,  it  will  deteriorate  somewhat,  West,  remains  to 
be  seen. 

JOE  BEEEY,  a  synonynie  of  Newtown  Spitzcnhurg,  or  Ox 
Eye.  See  Newtown  Spitzenburg,  Vandevere,  of  New  York. 
Color,  red  on  yellow;  form,  round,  flattened  ;  size,  1  ;  use, 
table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  December  to  January. 

Eemarks. — This  is  strangely  confounded  with  Yande- 
vere by  Downing,  but  it  has  been  unquestionably  identi- 
tified  as  the   Newtown    Spitzenburg  of  Coxe,   and   that 


48  WESTERN   FRUIT   xsOOK. 

confirmed  by  one  of  his  own  children,  Mrs.  Mcllvaine  of 
Clifton,  uear  Cincinnati.  A  superior,  rich,  spicy  apple, 
without  the  acidity  of  the  ^sopus.  It  is,  however,  prone 
to  fall  from  old  trees. 

Johnson  s  Sweet. 

Eemarks. — "  A  seedling,  from  Harrison  county,  Ohio." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

JO^ATIIAK,  King  Philip,  Wine,  Winesap  (erroneously). 
Color,  light  yellow  ground,  mostly  overspread,  streaked 
or  stained  with  rich,  light  red,  and  with  a  few  minute  light 
dots  ;  form,  roundish  conical,  regular  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  j 
quality,  1 ;  season,  November  to  January. 

Eemarks. — licquires  a  rich,  strong  soil.  A  New  York 
apple.  Flesh,  tender,  juicy,  and  rich,  with  a  good  deal 
of  the  Spitzenburg  character ;  shoots,  light  colored,  slen- 
der., and  spreading.  Eather  a  feeble  grower,  and  indif- 
ferent bearer,  even  in  its  best  localities,  but  particularly 
with  us,  West.  It  is  a  very  fine  and  attractive  apple 
when  shown  on  the  stalls,  from  its  rich  red  color. 

JEESEY  SWEETING-.  Color,  red ;  form,  oblong ;  size, 
2  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Eemarks. — "  Eirst  rate  for  table;  early  Fall." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  A  beautiful,  tender,  sweet  apple  ;  orna- 
mental as  well  as  good.  Of  good  baking  qualities.  To 
follow  Early  Bough,  in  the  hog,  or  stock  list. 

JuNEATiNG,  White.  Color,  pale  green,  then  light  yel- 
low ;  form,  round,  a  little  flattened ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table 
and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Yery  old.  Mentioned  by  Evelyn,  in  1660; 
by  Eay,  in  1688.     A  very  common  apple,  in  most  gardens. 


APPLES.  49 

Has  a  fine  scent.  Apt  to  crack  a  little,  and  become  dry. 
Should  bo  used  immediately,  when  ripe.  An  abundant 
bearer  on  alternate  years.  The  earliest  on  the  liog,  or 
stock  list. 

Kaighns  Spitzenhurg,  Long  Ptarmain,  Lady  Finger,  Long 
John.  Red  Pcarmain,  etc.  Color,  yellow,  mostly  overspread 
with  bright,  clear  red;  form,  oblong,  rounded  ;  size,  1;  use, 
table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  October,  Kovem- 
ber,  and  December, 

Eemarks. — This  fruit  is  large  and  showy,  and  that  is 
about  all  that  can  be  said  of  it. 

Keiser. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Coshocton,  Ohio.  Grood,  not  first  rate." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Kentish  FiUhashet.  Color,  yellowish,  brownish  blush ; 
form,  roundish  and  ribbed ;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen  only ; 
rjuality,  3 ;  season,  September  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Flesh  tender,  but  not  a  desirable  fruit. 

KeiincJcs  Autumn.  Color,  pale  yellow ;  form,  round, 
flattened  at  base  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  or  3  ; 
season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Flesh  white,  a  little  stained  with  red.  Z^Tot 
worthy. 

KESWICK  CODLIK.  (See  Codlin,  Keswick.) 
Eemarks. — A  fine,  fiiir,  pure-complexioned  cooking 
apple,  requiring  sugar ;  of  good  size,  and  saleable  in  mar- 
ket on  account  of  its  earliness  (July),  and  tempting 
appearance.  Hangs  for  two  months,  or  more,  on  the 
tree.  Not  fit  for  table,  only  for  cooking. 
5 


50  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Kerry  Pippin. 

Remarks. — "Deemed  unworthy  of  cultivation." — Tratis. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

KIKG  PHILIP.     (See  Jonathan.) 

Kirke's  Lord  Nelson.  Color,  red  on  pale  yellow  ;  form, 
roundish  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  Octo- 
ber to  December. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Of  but  little  value  here. 

Kilham  Hill.  Color,  pale  ^^ellow  and  red  ;  form,  round- 
ish, ribbed  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Remarks. — -Origin,  American  ;  very  questionable  value. 

Kin(/  of  the  Pipj^ins.  Color,  yellow  and  red,  splashed  ; 
form,  i^undish  oblong;  size,  2;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  3 ; 
season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — In  the  West,  sometimes  confounded  with 
Gravenstein. 

Knight's  Golden  Pippin,  Downton,  or  Elton  Pippin.  Color, 
yellow ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ; 
quality,  3 ;  season.  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — American  origin — but  inferior. 

KiNGSLEY.  Color,  yellowish,  striped  and  splashed  Avith 
pinkish  red,  some  white  dots;  form,  roundish,  oval;  size, 
2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  October  to  May. 

Remarks. — "Best." — /.  G.  Wendell,  in  Pom.  Trans. 

King  Apple,  from  Western  New  York.  Color,  palo 
yellow    ground,    with   two  shades   of  red,   striped    and 


APPLES.  51 

Splashed,  brown  dots  and  russet ;  form,  roundish,  ohlong, 
somewhat  ribbed  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  cooking ;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  October  to  December. 

King  Apple,  from  Mason  county,  Kentucky.  Color, 
yellow,  clouded  with  dull  red,  some  small  specks,  moldy 
or  fungus-like  patches  often  found  in  AVestern  and  South- 
ern apples ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  and  baking  ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  November  to  January,  and  even  February. 

Kane.  Color,  white,  with  red  cheek;  form,  flattened, 
round  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;    season.  Autumn. 

Eemarks. — Kesembles  Maiden's  Blush,  but  not  so  flat. 
Yery  beautiful.     From  Philadelphia. 

Keim.  Color,  fine  pale  yellow,  waxen ;  form,  rounded, 
inclining  to  conical ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
January  to  April. 

Eemarks. — "  Yery  good.  Flavor  mild  and  pleasant." — 
Horiiculturht^  Philadelphia. 

Knight's  Codlin.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  round- 
ish ;  size,  2;  use,  cooking ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  September 
to  jSTovcmber. 

Kohl  Apple. 

Eemarks. — A  variety  imported  from  Germany.  The 
tree  is  thrifty;  regular  top;  good  and  regular  bearer; 
fruit  small,  regularly  shaped,  crisp,  juicy,  and  well  fla- 
vored— a  good  keeper.  Fruits  of  Missouri,  by  Thos.  Allen, 
of  St.  Louis. 

Kremlin. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  by  Mr.  Fee,  August,  1855.  Fruit 
Committee  decided  it  to  be  "  a  very  large,  early  apple, 


52  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

tender  flesh,  and  very  valuable  for  its  early  ripening,  and 
other  good  qualities." 

Ladies'"  Blush.     Color,  3'ellow,  ^vith  red  blush  ;  size,  2. 

Eemarks. — American  origin.  Flesh  too  dry.  The  Gate 
was  exhibited  for  some  time,  under  this  name,  at  Cincin- 
nati Horticultural  Eooms,  by  J.  C.  Ferris.  It  is  a  syno- 
nyme  of  Gabriel. 

Lady  Finger,  see  Kaighn's  Spitzenburg,  of  which  it  is  a 
synonyme.  Also,  the  name  of  a  very  poor  apple  in  Penn- 
sylvania; seen,  also,  in  Central  Ohio.     Unworthy. 

LADIES'  SWEETI:N"G.  Color,  red  in  the  sun,  pale 
yellowish  green  in  the  shade,  with  broken  stripes  of  pale 
red;  form,  roundish  ovate;  size,  1;  use,  table;  quqjity, 
1 ;  season,  keeps  till  May. 

Eemarks. — A  favorite  in  jS"ew  York.  E'ot  considered 
equal,  there,  however,  to  Danvers'  Winter  Sweet.  "  Hand- 
some and  good,  second  rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
Here,  it  is  one  of  our  best  sweet  apples.  Yellov%^  flesh. 
Winter.     Perfumed  like  an  orange,  though  not  so  strong. 

LADY  APPLE,  or  Api,  Pomme  Rose,  Petit  Api,  etc. 
Color,  bright  red,  on  clear  yellow;  form,  flat;  size,  4;  use, 
table  and  cooking  (being  as  rich  as  a  preserve)  ;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  J^ovember  to  May. 

Eemarks. — Tree  very  upright,  like  the  cherry.  Fruit 
in  beautiful  clusters.  It  takes  ten  years  before  ver}^  pro- 
ductive. Wlien  it  bears  small,  perfect  fruit,  one  of  the 
most  profitable  in  the  East,  selling  at  ten  dollars  per 
barrel;  but  in  the  West,  it  is  not  so  much  apprecia- 
ted as  an  ornament  of  the  table,  nor  does  it  grow  so  fine 
and  sightly.  Small  and  beautiful.  "Profitable  in  some 
localities." — Trans.   Ohio  Pom.  Society. 


APPLES.  53 

Lancashire    Witch. 

Eemarks. — Handsome.  A  profitable  apple,  not  much 
grown  here,  yet  ought  to  be. 

Lancaster  Greening.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  brown 
dots  and  blotches;  form,  regular  roundish  conical;  size, 
2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  all  Winter 
to  April. 

Remarks. — Yalued  as  a  long  keeper.  Remains  good  on 
tree  till  very  late.     Flesh,  greenish,  juicy,  and  sub-acid. 

Lancaster   Queen 

Remarks. — Like  Summer  Queen,  it  has  a  peculiar  spicy 
flavor. — David  Miller^  Pennsylvania  Reports. 

Lane  Sweet.  Color,  yellow,  with  red ;  form,  oblong ; 
size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  3. 

Large  Sweet  Bough,  see  Sweet  Bough. 

Lansinhurg.  Color,  green  and  yellow,  with  red;  form, 
pij^pin  shape;  size,  2;  use,  kitchen;  quality,  3;  season, 
all  Winter,  SjDring,  and  next  Summer. 

Remarks. — "  Unworthy  of  cultivation."  —  Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  Keeps  two  years.  Often  exhibited  very 
late  in  the  season.  Opinion  of  the  Fruit  Committee  of 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  "A  great  keeper, 
and  although  not  fine  for  the  dessert — far  from  it — still  this 
apple  commands  a  high  price  in  the  Spring.  It  is  sound 
and  firm  into  Summer/'  A  great  keeper,  but  not  worth 
much  when  kept,  like  the  Grindstone  or  American  Pippin. 

Laquier. 

Remarks. — "Little  known  in  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom, 
Society^ 


54  WESTERN    FRUIT   BOOK. 

Late  Chandler. 

Eemarks. — Of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  "  Not  approved." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Latt  Strawberry. 

Eemarks. — "Highly  esteemed  in  New  York,  where 
best  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Leadington^  3Io?istrous,  or  Green  Codlin. 
Eemarks. — Yery  large.     Good  for  cooking. 

Lemon  Pippin,  Kirke's.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
oval ;  size,  2  ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Nearly  closed  at  the  stalk,  and  calyx  like  a 
lemon.     A  popular  English  apple. 

Liberty. 

Eemarks. — Seedling  of  Delaware  county,  Ohio.  "  Good 
late  Winter." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Limber  Twig.  Color,  dull  red,  and  light  yellow,  striped 
and  splashed  with  red  in  sun,  rough  russet  specks,  and 
sometimes  a  patch  of  russet ;  form,  round,  somewhat  con- 
ical; size,  2  to  3;  use,  kitchen;  quality,  2;  season,  keeps 
till  May. 

Eemarks. — A  sound,  long  keeper,  valuable,  hardy  and 
very  productive.  A  great  market  fruit,  though  rather 
small.  There  is  said  to  be  a  large  and  small  variety. 
"Yaluable  for  market,  being  a  great  bearer,  but  not  a 
very  choice  fruit." — Dr.   Warder. 

London  Pippin,  or  London  Sweet.  Color,  yellow  ;  form, 
oblate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  kitchen  and  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  sea- 
son, October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — ^Not  apt  to  shrivel  like  most  of  the  apples 


APPLES.  55 

of  England.  Exhibited  at  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society.  Known  in  Indiana  as  the  White  Winter  Pear- 
main,  erroneously.  Bears  early,  productive,  and  good 
keeping.  Not  much  valued  for  the  table.  Cooks  Avell, 
and  profitable.  See  Heicke's  Winter  Sweet.  Similar  to 
the  Broadwell. 

Longville's  Kernel^  or  Sams  Crab.  Color,  brownish  red 
on  3'ellow;  form,  oval,  flattened;  size,  3;  use,  table;  qual- 
ity, 2  to  3 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Lo7ig  John,  or  Kaighii's  Spizenhiirg. 

Eemarks. — "  Large,  handsome,  second-rate,"  —  Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Long  Fearmai/i,  see  Kaighn's  Spitzenhurg. 

Long  Stem. 

Eemarks. — Of  Virginia  and  Eastern  Ohio.  Eesembles 
Willow  Twig. 

Lopside^  Grey  House,  and  Black  Vaiidevere,  which  see. 

Loure  Qucciij  or  Lovcre  Queen.  Color,  yellovv^  striped  and 
splashed  with  dull  red,  rough,  irregular  dots,  or  specks  of 
dull  russet,  russet  at  stem ;  form,  roundish  flattened,  often 
angular;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  Oc- 
tober to  January. 

Eemarks. — Somewhat  resembles  the  Yandevere.  Of 
Morrow  county,  Ohio.  "Large,  Winter.  Little  known.' 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Lowell,  or  Pound  Royal,  Orange  Quee7i  Anne,  Tallow. 
Color,  oily,  pale  yellow;  form,  oblong  ovate;  quality,  2; 
season,  August  and  September. 


56  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Tender,  nearly  first-rate.  A  good  grower 
and  great  bearer.  "  One  of  the  best  Fall  apples."  —  Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.   Society. 

Lyman's  Large  Summer.  Color,  pale  yellow;  form, 
flattisli  round  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Moderate  bearer.  The  tree  requires  short- 
ening in,  like  the  Peach,  to  keep  up  a  proper  supply  of 
young  shoots,  as  they  bear  only  on  the  ends. 

Lyman's  Piimplnn  Sweet.  Color,  green ;  form,  round  to 
qonical ;  size,  1;  use.  kitchen;  quality,  3;  season,  August 
to  September. 

Eemarks. — Eather  too  large.  Often  water  cored.  Not 
desirable.  AVas  shown  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultu- 
ral Society  as  the  Eeinette  d'Espagne. 

Lyscom.  Color,  red  on  yellow;  form,  round;  size,  1; 
use,  kitchen  and  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  October  to 
November. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  fine  grained,  mild,  sub-acid. 

MALE  CAELE,  or  Mela  Caria,  etc.  Color,  yellowish 
white,  with  russet  dots,  faint  orange,  or  reddish  cheek  ; 
form,  rather  flat  and  globular,  with  a  slight  tapering  to 
the  eye  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  cooking ;  quality,  1  to  2 ; 
season,  December, 

Eemarks. — This  fruit  is  best  adapted  for  the  South  and 
South-west,  where  their  seasons  of  Summer  are  long. 
There  it  is  one  of  the  best  apples.  North  it  does  not 
answer.  In  the  Middle  States  it  is  tolerably  good.  It  is 
a  celebrated  Italian  apple,  not  to  the  fancy  of  everybody ; 
having,  to  man}",  an  unpleasant  flavor  and  perfume,  which 
is  anything  to  them  but  '-Eose  perfume,"  as  stated  by 
Elliott.     It  is  believed  to  answer  for  cooking.     Sometimes 


APPLES.  65r 

very  beautiful.  Mr.  E.  Clarke,  a  good  and  large  fruit- 
grower, likes  this  apple.  He  gets  a  good  price  for  it  in 
market.  This  apple  is  generally  called  medium,  but  we 
have  them  ten  inches  in  circumference :  we  call  that 
large.  They  are  perfectly  sound,  now  (February  6),  and 
wo  think  they  may  be  called  a  Winter  apple  in  this 
climate,  although  fit  to  eat  in  October.  Juicy,  and  fine 
flavored,  but  the  texture  is  so  fine  as  to  require  considera- 
ble mastication,  until  very  ripe.  Its  beauty  makes  it  sell 
well.  It  is  a  full  bearer,  every  year,  if  well  treated.  It 
is  of  a  pale,  waxy  yellow,  Avith  a  fine  blush  on  the  sunny 
side,  with  crimson  dots  or  marbleing ;  regularly  formed; 
rarely  conical. 

Maclean's  Favorite.  Color,  yellow  ;  form,  roundish  ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  October 
to  January. 

Eemarks. — A  new  English  apple.  Tree,  moderately 
vigorous,  and  a  good  bearer.  JSTot  yet  tested  here.  Fla- 
vor, like  the  ^N'ewtown  Pippin,  rich,  and  crisp  in  texture. 
Said  to  be  an  excellent  fruit  where  it  succeeds. 

McLelan.  Color,  striped  red  ;  form,  round ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  quality,  2;  season,  November  to  March. 

Eemarks. — This  is  described  and  recommended  in  the 
Horticulturist,  now  conducted  by  E.  Pearsall  Smith,  Phila- 
delphia, the  chief  horticultural  periodical  in  the  Union,  as 
follows:  "A  beautiful  and  excellent  dessert  apple,  regular 
in  form  ;  flesh,  white,  fine  grained,  very  tender  and  juicy, 

sprightly,  mild,  and  agreeable,  hardly  sub-acid." 

i 

Maiden's  Blush.  Color,  whitish,  blushed,  or  red 
checked  —  rather  a  lemon  yellow,  with  a  most  beautiful 
blush  ;  form,  flattish ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  to 
1 ;  season,  August  to  October. 


58  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — The  Maiden's  Blush,  in  this  vicinity,  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  (true  to  its  name)  and  profitable 
apples  cultivated.  It  is  congener  to  Hawthorndean,  or 
Hawthornden,  the  best  apple  in  Scotland,  but  better  and 
more  beautiful.  A  great  favorite  at  the  stalls  and  shops, 
or  stores.  Excellent  to  cook,  a  prolific  and  early  bearer. 
Of  a  peculiar  aromatic  flavor,  and,  therefore,  not  agreea- 
ble to  some  persons  —  even  disagreeable  to  some.  A  good 
market  fruit.  Eather  tartish.  "  Exceedingly  well  adapted 
to  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

Matson. 

Eemarks. — A  large,  red  streaked,  showy,  acid,  and 
juicy  apple ;  good  bearer ;  good  for  cooking ;  and  very 
marketable  ;  quality,  2. — Fnnts  of  Missouri,  hy  Thos.  Allen, 
of  St.  Louis. 

Melt-in-the-mouth,  or  Melting.  Color,  yellow  ground, 
overspread  with  warm  yellow  red,  marbled  and  dotted 
with  yellow  russet ;  form,  roundish,  slightly  flattened ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  ]S"ovem- 
ber  to  March. 

Eemarks. — From  Pennsylvania.  Introduced  into  Ohio. 
Often  exhibited  at  Pomological  Society,  at  Columbus. 
Tree,  hardy.  Fruit,  borne  mostly  on  the  ends  of  limbs. 
Eequires  a  rich  soil,  abounding  in  lime.  Fruit,  small  on 
young  trees  :  improves  in  size  as  they  grow  older.  "  A 
good  Fall  apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Major.     Color,  red  ;  form,  round. 

Eemarks. — Eesembles  the  Carthouse,  or  Eomanite,  but 
superior.     "  Yery  good." — Pennsylvania  Hort.  Society. 

Maryil,  or  Neverfa.il.  or  Mvnches  Pippin.  Color,  orange  in 
the  sun,  dull  yellow  in  the  shade,  streaked  and  motfi^d 


APPLES.  69 

with  red  ;  form,  a  little  angular,  ovate  ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table ; 
quality,  2;  season,  October  to  January. 

Remarks. — A  well  flavored,  old,  English  dessert  apple, 
but  of  too  small  a  size  to  be  popular  in  the  AYest.  Has  a 
high-flavored,  aromatic  juice. 

Mcnagere.  Color,  pale  yellow,  a  little  red  in  the  sun, 
sometimes  ;  form,  flat ;  size,  1 ;  use,  cooking,  only  ;  quality, 
3;  season,  August  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Immensely  large.  Rather  devoid  of  flavor. 
Flesh,  a  little  dry. 

Marks.  Color,  yellowish  white  ;  form,  round,  tapering 
a  little;  size,  2;  use,  dessert;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — "  Yery  good,  if  not  best." — Pennsylvania 
Sort.  Society.     Flavor  delicately  perfumed. 


Maryland.     Color,  red. 
Remarks. — "  H 
Ohio  Pom.  Society 


Remarks. — "  Handsome,  and  good  for  market." — Trans. 


May. 

Remarks — '^  Of  Myers.  Good,  long  keeper.  Little 
known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom  Society.  Outwardly  like  Pry- 
or's  Red.     Yalued  as  a  keejDer  only. 

Michael  Henry  Pippin,  or  Raritan  Sweet.  Color,  green, 
yellowish,  lively;  form,  conical,  or  roundish  oblong,  or 
ovate,  narrowing  much  to  the  e^-e,  having  this  peculiarity 
with  some  other  apples  ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality, 
2;  season,  January.    . 

Remarks. — This  fruit  has  been  confounded  with  the 
White  Winter  Pearmain,  which  is  superior  in  nearly 
every  respect.  "Old,  approved  Winter." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.     Highly  esteemed  in  some  of  our  Western 


60  '  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

States.  "A  very  good  little  apple  in  this  region.  A 
great  bearer,  and  a  good  keej^er,  but  not  to  be  compared 
with  White  Winter  Pearmain,  with  which  it  has  been  so 
long  confounded,  it  being  decidedly  sweet.  There  is,  also, 
a  difference  in  the  shape.  The  tree  grows  differently, 
being  very  upright;  and  the  fruit  does  not  keep  as  well; 
the  seeds,  also,  differ." — T.  V.  Peiticolas. 

Mifflin  King.  Color,  red;  form,  oblong;  size,  3;  use, 
table;  quality,  1;  season,  early  in  Fall. 

Eemarks. — Considered  better  than  the  Rambo  in  Penn- 
sylvania.    Very  tender,  juicy,  "  first  rate." 

MILAM,  or  Blair.  Color,  green  and  red  ;  form,  round ; 
size,  2,  sometimes  nearly  3  (tree  being  full)  ;  use,  table  and 
kitchen ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — A  great  bearer.  Much  grown  in  Illinois, 
Ohio  and  Kentucky,  near  Cincinnati.  Early  productive. 
"  Blair,  of  Chillicothe.  Hardy,  productive,  AYinter." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Sociefi/.  Exhibited  constantly  at  the 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  Rooms.  Report  of  Fruit 
Committee,  "  Extensively  known  throughout  the  West. 
In  many  places  it  has  been  propagated  by  root  suckers, 
by  the  early  settlers.  This  fruit,  though  only  of  second- 
rate  flavor,  has  so  many  good  qualities,  that  we  desire  to 
present  it  to  the  Society.  It  is  a  profuse  and  regular 
bearer,  though  of  rather  small  size.  It  is  juicy  (unless 
very  late),  and  tender ;  may  be  eaten  in  the  Fall  and  Win- 
ter, and  is  not  difficult  to  keep  until  Spring.  The  country 
people  frequently  preserve  them  in  open  rail  pens,  lined 
and  covered  with  straw.  On  the  contrary,  though  of  a 
delicate  texture,  it  is  deficient  in  flavor,  resembling  in  its 
character  that  of  the  Westfield  Seek-no-further,  to  which 
fruit  it  has  many  relations.  We  can  not  rank  it  higher 
than  second-rate,  but  it  comes  up  a  little  beyond  this." 


ATPLES.  61 

Minister.  Color,  red  and  green  ;  form,  roundish,  coni- 
cal ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  to 
December. 

Eemarks. — "Good,  showy." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Socieff/. 
Better  for  orchard  culture  in  the  East  than  in  the  West. 
]N"eeds  a  deep,  sandy  loam.  Should  be  carefully  picked. 
Easily  rots  from  bruising.  So  great  a  bearer  that  it  often 
needs  thinning.  Form  rather  long  ovate.  Kather  acid. 
Improved  by  keeping.  Dr.  Mosher,  of  Latonia  Springs, 
thinks  well  of  it.     He  has  paid  great  attention  to  fruit. 

Monk's  Favorite.  Color,  striped  red  and  yellow; 
form,  globular  and  flattened;  size,  1;  use.  kitchen; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  till  June. 

-Hemarks. — "  Yery  handsome,  promises  well." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.     We  hoj)e  to  know  more  of  this  fruit. 

Monmouth  Pippin,  or  Red  Cheek  Pippin.  Color,  green- 
ish yellow,  with  red  cheek;  form,  round  to  conical;  size, 
1  to  2 ;  use,  table;  season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — '' Large,  good.  Winter." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society,  A  l^ew  Jersey  apple.  Handsome  and  pretty 
good. 

Monstrous  Pippin,  see  Gloria  Mundi. 

Morgan  Sweet. 

Eemarks. — "Little  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Moor's  Sweeting,  Sweet  Pippin,  Red  Smeet  Pippin,  of 
Indiana,  and  Pound  Sweet,  of  some,  West.  Color,  yellow 
striped,  and  mostly  covered  with  red,  white  bloom  ;  form, 
round,  flattened ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  kitchen  and  table ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  early  Winter. 

Eemarks. — "Exhibited  by  Mr.  Brand,  of  Champaign 


62  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

county,    Ohio." — Trans.     Ohio    Pom.    Society.      Good    for 
baking.     Flesh  firm,  rather  dry. 

MYEE'S  :N0NPAEEIL.  Color,  red  and  yellow;  form, 
flat,  roundish  ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
September  to  December. 

Eemarks. — A  very  handsome  apple.  "  Ohio  Nonpareil, 
of  Eastern  Ohio,  handsome  and  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  Pronounced  by  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society,  "  The  best  apple  of  its  season.  Better  than  the 
best."  Strongly  recommended,  also,  by  Dr.  Warder, 
President  of  Society  for  1857. 

Mouse  Apple.  Color,  pale  greenish  yellow,  brownish 
blush  in  sun,  russet  dots ;  form,  roundish  conical ;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2;  season,  November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — Sometimes  called  Moose.  Flesh,  faintly 
perfumed.  "  Yery  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom,  Society.  A 
New  York  Fruit. 

Mother.  Color,  yellow,  mostly  overspread,  marbled 
and  striped,  with  shades  of  dark  red,  a  few  russet  dots  ; 
form,  roundish  ovate ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  September  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Common  near  Indianapolis.  Flesh,  yellow- 
ish, tender,  spicy,  sub-acid.  "  Yery  good." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Jlinphy.  Color,  red,  striped  ;  form,  conical ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
hardly  known;  quality,  3 ;  season,  October  to  February. 

Eemarks. — Unworthy  of  cultivation.  "  The  more  I 
see  of  this  beautiful  fruit  (from  Northern  Indiana),  the 
less  do  I  esteem  it." — Dr.  J.  A.    Warder. 

MYEE'S  APPLE,  see  May. 


APPLES.  63 

l^EYERFAIL,  see   Bavles  Janette. 

Neversink.  Color,  waxen,  orange  yellow,  a  few  russet 
dots,  striped  carmine  cheek;  form,  roundish;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table  ;  quality,  2  ;   season,  Fall. 

Eemarks.— From  Pennsylvania.  Flesh,  yellowish,  fla- 
vor a  little  like  the  Pine  Aj^ple.  "  Yery  good." — National 
Pom.  Socieiij. 

Newark  King,  or  Hinchman.  Color,  red ;  form,  round- 
ish conical ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  October  to  ISTovember. 

Eemarks. — Not  very  common.  A  fine  cooking  apple. 
Eather  tart,  but  rich.  At  any  other  season  it  would  be 
considered  superior. 

NEWAEK  PIPPIN,  or  French  Pippin.  Color,  green, 
yellowish  when  rijDC ;  form,  j^ippin  shape;  size,  2;  use, 
table  and  cooking;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Not  sufficiently  known  or  esteemed.  Flesh 
of  a  very  rich  yellow.  Flavor  very  fine  and  rich.  ''  Little 
known,  second-rate,  keeps  well." — Tram.  Ohio  Pom.  Sociefi/. 
We  venture  to  differ  from  the  Ohio  Pomological  Society, 
in  its  being  pronounced  second-rate.  We  rank  this  fruit 
among  the  first.  It  is  more  tender,  and  of  as  high  flavor 
(similar  to  a  good  pear),  as  the  highly-prized  Newtown 
Pippin.  We  obtained  this  delicious  apple  from  W.  Cul- 
bertson,  on  the  Licking  Eiver,  about  twenty-six  years 
ago.  It  delights  in  a  rich,  light,  vegetable  loam.  It  is  a 
poor  and  feeble  grower.  Should  be  worked  up  and 
double  worked  :  jq\>  a  strong,  growing  tree  can  never  be 
made  from  one  with  a  weak  habit.  As  a  general  rule,  it 
is  very  important  for  cultivators  to  select  from  a  nursery 
good  growing  kinds.  When  a  good  growing  variety  is 
once  established,  although  the  fruit  may  not  prove  good, 


64  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

still  there  is  a  good  basis  to  work  new  fruit  upon,  when 
the  tree  is  vigorous.  Good  growers,  with  bad  fruit,  can 
be  altered  to  bear  good ;  there  is  a  strong  base  to  work 
upon ;  but  weak  growers  can  not  be  changed  to  produce 
very  good  fruit,  or  much  of  it.  Here  will  be  a  loss  of 
time  and  money.  How  beneficial  it  is  to  obtain  good 
stocks  for  every  purpose. 

JSTewtown  Spitzenburg.   See  Ox  Eye  and  Joe  Berry. 

NEWTOWN  PIPPIN,  YELLOW.  Color,  greenish  yel- 
low when  ripe,  with  a  red  cheek;  form,  round,  often  one- 
sided when  large,  russety  in  and  a  little  round  the  stalk ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  chiefly  table,  but  good  in  kitchen,  although  a 
little  crisp  ;  quality,  1  ;  season,  March. 

Remarks. — Highly  approved  in  suitable  localities.  Apt 
to  spot  in  soils  not  adapted  to  it.  From  Long  Island. 
It  requires  a  ricl),  limestone  clay  soil,  or  a  warm,  sandy, 
rich  loam,  well  dressed  with  lime  and  bone  dust.  It  is 
distinct  from  the  Green  Newtown  Pippin,  described  next; 
and  the  rich  limestone  soil  of  Ohio,  etc.,  suits  both.  The 
Yellow  Newtown  has  a  higher  flavor  than  the  Green.  On 
sandy  soil,  not  generally  good;  apt  to  speck. 

NEWTOWN  PIPPIN,  GREEN.  Color,  dull  green 
when  first  gathered,  when  ripe  a  yellowish  green,  with 
small  russet  dots,  with  occasional  blotches  of  the  same, 
and  on  alluvial  soils.  South,  patches  of  dark  green  mold ; 
use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  considered,  generally,  superior  to 
the  Yellow  Newtown ;  season,  January  to  3Iay. 

Remarks. — Bears  alternate  years.  Superior.  Exhibited 
often  at  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  Rooms. 
Fruit  Committee  report  it  "  a  good  bearer,  of  high  flavor, 
and  excellent  when  ripe  (in  March).  Not  the  most 
digestible  before  it  is  perfectly  matured.     Good  for  the 


APPLES.  65 

kitchen  at  any  time  during  the  Winter.  ISIear  Cincinnati 
it  is  subject  to  be  injured  and  disfigured  with  hard,  black 
spots,  generally  considered  of  vegetable  origin,  or  fungus, 
but  they  do  not  induce  decay.  ''Newtown  Pippin  is 
often  inferior.  If  the  stem  of  this  tree  is  trimmed  up 
to  full  standard  hight,  the  bark  becomes  very  dry  and 
rough,  and  the  top  seems  to  starve,  even  in  a  rielr  soil." — • 
American  Pom.  Society^  received  from  reports  from  Pennsyl- 
vania. Both  the  Yellow  and  the  Green  Newtown  have 
russet  marks  at  the  stalk. 

NEWTOWN  SPITZENBUEG,  or  Flushing.  Color, 
red  on  yellow;  form,  round,  flattened,  often  one-sided; 
size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  1;  season,  November  to  Feb- 
ruary. 

Eemarks. — "  Ox  Eye  of  Cincinnati.'" — Tra  is.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  One  of  the  best  table  fruits  we  have  for  Decem- 
ber. Grown  North,  it  keeps  longer,  and  is  neater  and 
smaller,  more  regular  and  less  wormy,  and  less  liable  to 
fall  than  with  us.  It  is  highly  esteemed  in  the  West. 
How  Downing  came  to  call  this  old  ftimiliar  fruit  Yande- 
vere,  is  a  wonder.  It  came  from  Long  Island.  Sometimes 
called  Joe  Berry,  in  Kentucky,  as  well  as  Ox  Eye,  at 
Cincinnati,  and  in  the  West. 

Nichajach  Apple. 

Remarks. — A  Southern  fruit,  and  very  good. 

NONSUCH  (see  Eed  Canada),  Richfield,  or  Canada 
Red.  Color,  red  on  yellow;  form,  roundish  conical; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  December  to  Feb- 
ruary. 

Remarks. — Superior.     Exhibited  at  Horticultural  Soci- 
ety Rooms  by  J.  E.  Mottier.     Declared  Baldwin,  errone- 
ously.    Much  grown  North. 
6 


66  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Nonsuch,   Old. 

Eemarks. — ]S"ot  esteemed.  Grown  close  to  the  gate  oi 
the  late  Dr.  Smith,  near  Cincinnati. 

Norfolk  Beanjiii. 

Eemarks. — Rarely  seen  in  this  countr}^ ;  and,  we  pre- 
sume, not  desirable.  It  is  a  large  fruit.  Color,  dull  red 
on  greenish.     Good  for  drying  only. 

ISTONPAEEIL,  see  Rosss  Nonpareil^  which  is  a  highly 
flavored,  spic}^  russet,  not  known  nor  cultivated  to  any 
extent.  An  apple  with  this  name  (^STonpareil),  is  grown 
in  Illinois,  large,  sub-conical,  irregular,  or  ribbed  ;  red 
striped,  on  yellow  ground,  with  a  lively  bloom  ;  flesh, 
yellowish, very  delicate,  and  good;  as  beautiful  as  North- 
ern Spy,  which  it  resembles,  as,  also,  like  Scolloped 
Gilliflower. 

Northern  Spy.  Color,  striped  red  on  light  yellow^ 
ground,  with  streaks  of  carmine  red,  and  Avhen  first 
gathered,  covered  with  a  fine  bloom  ;  form,  sub-conical, 
sometimes  ribbed  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
November  to  January,  in  this  latitude  becoming  an  early 
"Winter  variety. 

Eemarks. — There  is  a  great  diversity  of  opinion  about 
this  apple  with  us.  It  does  well,  as  near  us  as  Dayton. 
It  is  about  the  dividing  line.  There  is  a  different  soil 
there — more  gravely.  Sold  at  Boston  for  six  dollars  per 
barrel,  and  sometimes  one  dollar  per  dozen,  by  retail.  It 
keeps,  there,  till  May.  Juicy,  very  crisp  and  fresh.  "  Of 
doubtful  value  in  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  It  is 
probably  much  over  estimated  by  James  H.  Watts.  The 
perfume  is  extraordinary,  and  the  flavor  sometimes  very 
good.  A  great  grower,  and  not  early  in  fruiting.  We 
fear  its  great  excellence  as  a  keeper  may  not  be  realized 


APPLES.  67 

here  (Cincinnati).  We  must  wait  a  little.  This  variety, 
however,  like  the  Gate,  or  Waxen  and  Baldwin,  etc.,  is 
ripened  too  soon  in  this  latitude  to  be  a  first-rate  Winter 
fruit,  losing  much  of  the  excellent  flavor  possessed  by 
them  where  found  in  perfection.  "  If  ever  the  trees  of 
this  fruit  come  into  bearing  with  us,  we  will  be  able  to 
say  something  more  about  them.  We  have  had  them 
grafted  seven  years  without  fruit  yet." — T,  Y.  Pctticolas. 
The  Northern  Spy  may  probably  become  a  good  apple 
here.  It  has  succeeded  well  at  Dayton ;  Mr.  Sayers  hav- 
ing informed  the  author  that  he  has  seen  very  fine  speci- 
mens of  that  good  fruit  there. 

Old  English   Cudlln.  sec  Codlin. 

Orange  Apple. 

Eemarks. — "  Not  deemed  valuable." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society. 

Orange  Sweeting,  Golden  Stceet,  or  Trenton  Early. 

Eemarks.  —  Flourishes  well  in  all  soils.  Yields  fine 
crops  of  fair  fruit.  Tree  of  medium  size,  branches  strag- 
ling.     A  good  fruit. 

Orndorf.  Color,  lemon  3'ellow,  rich  red  blush  in  sun, 
stripes  and  blotches  of  red  ;  form,  roundish,  slightly  an- 
gular; size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  1  to  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember to  November. 

Eemarks. — "Of  Putnam,  Ohio.  Little  known." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Flesh,  yellowish,  juicy,  crisp,  tender, 
sub- acid.     Eeally  a  good  apple. 

Ortley  Pippin,  with  some  twenty  synonymes ;  among 
them,  best  known,  are  White  Bell/lower,  Hollow  Core  Pippin, 
Detroit,  and  Goldm  Pippin.     Color,  pale  5-ellowish  white  at 


68  WESTERN    FRUIT     book:. 

the  North,  a  richer  yellow  more  South,  with  some  specks 
of  dark  red  ;  form,  oblong  oval,  sometimes  roundish  con- 
ical;  size,  large,  or  ISTo.  1  on  rich  soils;  use,  table;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  JSTovember  to  March. 

Eemarks. — "  One  of  the  most  agreeable  and  digestible 
of  all  apples,  with  a  mild,  sub-acid,  abundant  juice,  witli- 
out  any  remarkable  or  high  flavor." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  Excellent  in  strong  soils.  This  is  one  of  our 
prime  favorites.  Thrifty,  productive,  delicate,  certainly- 
not  highly  flavored,  but  most  easy  of  digestion.  Its  size 
is  much  increased  in  the  West.  Originally  from  New 
Jersey. 

Oslin. 

Eemarks. — Not  yet  known. 

OX  APPLE,  or  Ox  Eyc^  and  Joe  Beri-y ;  see  Ncwtoum 
Spitzenburg . 

Remarks. — A  delicious  apple,  as  before  described,  but 
drops  worse  than  any  apple  we  have.  By  the  time  they 
are  ripe  they  are  all  gone,  not  only  on  old,  but  young 
trees.  We  can  not  recommend  it  on  that  account,  but 
it  may  do  better  in  some  soils.  A  neighbor,  whose  trees 
are  all  dead  from  age,  etc.,  did  not  remark  that  fault. 

Peach  Pond  Sweet.  Color,  striped  red  and  yellow ; 
form,  oblong;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  1 ;  season,  early 
Sej)tember  to  last  of  October. 

Eemarks. — A  great  bearer.  A  favorite  dessert  apple 
of  all  who  taste  it.  From  the  orchard  of  E.  Buchanan, 
Esq.,  Clifton,  Cincinnati. 

PennocJcs  Red  Winter^  or  Fhoenix,  by  some,  the  same  as 
the  Large  Eomanite,  of  Kentucky.  Color,  red ;  form, 
roundish   flattened,  almost  invariably  one-sided  ;  size,  1 ; 


APPLES.  69 

use,  chiefly  kitchen,  though  light  for  the  stomach,  in  eat- 
ing; quality,  3;  season,  December  and  January. 

Remarks. — Exhibited  often,  and  rather  late  in  the  sea- 
son. Fruit  Committee  of  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society 
consider  it  third-rate,  and  condemn  it  as  a  table  apple, 
although  extensively  2)ropagated  and  planted,  being  very 
vigorous,  and  a  large  tree  that  bears  abundant  cro^js. 
Texture,  tender,  light,  and  very  easily  digested,  but  rather 
harsh  and  a  little  astringent,  with  considerable  sweetness. 
It  is  rather  inclined  to  rot  and  spot  inside  and  externally, 
and  is  best  adapted  for  cooking. 

PECK'S  PLEASANT,  or  Watts'  Apple.  Color,  clear 
yellow,  blush  on  sunny  side ;  form,  round,  slightly  flat- 
tened, indistinct  farrow  on  one  side ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use, 
table;  quality,  1  ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Remarks. — On  sandy  soils,  of  a  firmer  textui-e  than  on 
clays.  "Yaluable  on  sandy  soils." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  So- 
ciety. This  fruit  deserves  more  attention  than  it  has  yet 
received  from  our  pomologists.  It  is  fine  wherever  we 
have  seen  it.     Sometimes  this  apple  keeps  till  April, 

Phillip's  Seedling,  or  Sweeting.  Color,  yellow  ground, 
nearly  entirely  covered  and  mottled  with  red;  form, 
roundish  conical,  a  little  flattened ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  November  and  DecembeV. 

Remarks.  —  Requires  a  strong  clay  or  heavy  soil. 
Growth,  vigorous  and  upright.  Native  of  Central  Ohio. 
"Large,  handsome,  good,  Winter." — Tran».  Ohio  Pom.  Sac 

Pine. 

Remarks.  —  "Of  Morrow  county,  Ohio.  Resemble:^ 
Seek-no-further." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Pine    Apple   Russet,   or  llar<lingham.'s  Russ^et.     Color, 


70  W  E  S  T  E  R  N    F  R  U  IT    B  O  O  K:  . 

greenish  yellow,  covered  with  thin  russet;  form,  roundish 
ovate;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  yellowish  white,  juicy,  crisp,  spicy, 
sub-acid.     Of  foreign  origin. 

Pink  Sweeting.  Color,  red  and  pink  stripes ;  form, 
fine  ;  size,  3  to  4 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Bears  immense  crops.  Has  a  spicy  flavor. 
Excellent  for  stock  feeding. 

Pittsburgh  Favorite.  Color,  greenish  white  and  yel- 
low, at  maturit}" ;  form,  flat;  size,  1  ;  use,  table;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — ]S[ot  very  productive.  Of  a  high,  pleasant 
sub-acid  flavor.  As  fine  nearly,  if  not  quite,  as  Ehode 
Island  Greening. 

Polhj  Bright. 

Eemarks.  —  "Little  known.  Approved  by  some."  — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Of  Pennsylvania  and  Eastern 
Ohio.  Eesemblos  ^Maiden's  Blush,  and  like  it  sharp  and 
acid.     Season,  September  and  October. 

PoMME  Grise.  Color,  yellowish  gray  or  russet ;  form, 
roundish,  rather  flat ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  sea- 
son, October  to  Februar}'. 

Eemarks. — Best  adapted  for  gardens.  Better  for  the 
IS'orth  than  here.  A  good  bearer,  of  fine  flavor,  and  keeps 
well.  Perhaps  the  very  best  of  the  russets.  Shown  at 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  Eooms,  by  E.  Eeilly, 
from  Butler  county,  Ohio.     Yery  fine  specimens. 

Pomme  de  i^EiGE,  or  Snow  Apple,  or  Fameiise.  Color, 
greenish   yellow,  mostly  overspread  with   pale   and  dark 


APPLES.  71 

rich  red;  form,  roundish,  somewhat  conical;  size,  2;  use, 
table  ;  quality,  2  in  Southern  Ohio,  1  in  Canada  and  in 
the  ISTorth;  season,  October  and  IS^ovember. 

Eemarks. — "  Canadian  origin.  Very  dark  color.  Good." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Sometimes  streaked  in  the 
North.  A  beautiful  ISTorthern  fruit,  good  size,  perfect 
form,  smooth  skin,  white  flesh,  juicy.  Prolific  and  early 
bearer.  Flavor  not  high  nor  rich.  Cooks  well.  It  ripens 
too  soon  here  (Cincinnati),  and  will  not  be  profitable  in 
this  neighborhood. 

POMME  EOYAL,  White  Seek-no-furthcr,  Flushing  Seek-no- 
further.  Color,  yellowish  green,  small  brown  dots  ;  form, 
roundish  oblong,  conical,  uneven,  or  waved  surface ;  size, 
2  to  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — From  Long  Island.  Flesh,  fine  grained, 
very  juicy,  tender,  sub-acid.  The  Pomme  Eoyal,  or  Dyer, 
is  not  the  Woodstock,  as  some  authors  assert.  We  have 
seen  them  both  at  one  of  our  State  Fairs.  The  Woodstock 
is  a  coarse  apple,  only  fit  for  cooking.  The  Pomme  Eoyal 
is  one  of  the  very  best  dessert  apples. 

Pound,  or  Monstrous  Pippin.  Color,  yellowish  green; 
form,  roundish,  oblong ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  j 
quality,  3;  season,  September  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  coarse,  poor,  unw^orthy. 

Pound  Royal. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Dr.  Barker.   Dyer." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 

Society. 

Porter.  Color,  yellow;  form,  conical;  size,  2;  use» 
table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks.  —  "A  popular  Eastern  Fall  apple.  Little 
known  in  Ohio." — Trans.    Ohio  Pom.  Society.     Celebrated 


72  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

in  Massachusetts.  'Not  admired  here  generally.  Tart, 
not  high  flavored.  Cooks  well.  "  Exceedingly  well 
adapted  to  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati.  Eequires  lime  and 
phosphate." — F.  G.  Cary,  Pr  est  Farmers'  College.  This  apple 
deserves  a  place  in  every  orchard,  for  its  beauty  alone ; 
but  independent  of  that,  it  is  well  flavored.  Nothing  can 
exceed  in  the  apple  line,  a  basket  of  these  in  beauty ;  in 
proof  of  which  we  Avill  merely  mention  the  fact  of  Mr.  Pet- 
ticolas  getting  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  bushel  for 
them,  when  other  apples  were  only  bringing  sixty  cents. 

Priestley.  Color,  green  bluish  purple ;  form,  conical ; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  3 ;  season, 
Winter  till  April. 

Bemarks. —  '  A  long  keeper,  of  second-rate  quality." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.     Condemned. 

PEINCE'S  EAELY  HAEYEST.  See  Early  Harvest. 

Prolific  Beauty. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  the  Putnam  list,  \yorthless." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

PEYOE'S  EED.  Color,  pale  yellow,  warm  red  and 
russet,  having  the  appearance  of  being  smoked  some- 
times; form,  regular,  roundish ;  size,  2  to  1;  use,  table  and 
kitchen ;  quality,  1  (for  market  chiefly)  ;  season,  Novem- 
ber to  April. 

Eemarks. — Not  an  early  bearer,  but  very  hardy.  Keeps 
well  when  grown  South.  The  richest  of  russets.  Eather 
shy  in  bearing.  Exhibited  rather  seldom  before  the  Cin- 
cinnati Horticultural  Society.  Judgment  of  Fruit  Com- 
mittee, "  In  fine  condition,  firm  and  fresh,  late  in  Winter." 
This  fruit  is  deserving  of  high  commendation  for  its 
many  good  qualities.     It  varies  much  in  its  appearance, 


A  p  r  L  E  s .  73 

being  sometimes  green  russeted,  then  dull  orange  russet, 
without  a  trace  of  red,  and  again  deeply  red  or  striped, 
and  sometimes  almost  black  with  depth  of  color.  There 
may  be  different  varieties,  but  all  have  richness  of  flavor, 
and  the  form  that  contains  the  greatest  amount  of  mate- 
rial within  a  given  compass,  having  a  very  small  cavity 
and  basin.  A  native  of  Virginia,  it  does  well  in  the 
Middle  States.  Though  rather  long  coming  into  bearing, 
may  be  set  down  as  a  Xo.  1  apple. 

Pumpkin   liifssct. 
]vEMARKS. — Misei'ablc. 

Pumpkin  Sweet. 

Remarks.  —  "  Yery  large*  Good  for  stock."  —  Trans. 
Okie  Pom.  Society.  Fruit  Committee  of  Cincinnati  Horti- 
cultural Society,  "  Third-rate." 

Pantneyite. 

Remarks. — ^'  A  Yirginia  apple  of  little  value." — Trans. 
Ohio   Pom.   Society. 

Putnam  Russet.  Color,  russet;  form,  round  to  flat, 
often  one-sided  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  cooking,  and  then  rather 
mealy  and  coarse;  quality,  2;  season,  December. 

Remarks. — Overrated.  Bears  well ;  thrifty.  Falls 
badly.  A  very  good  keeper.  Flesh,  coarse  and  tart. 
Cooks  pretty  well.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  apple.  A  good 
keeper.  Tart,  without  flavor,  and  valuable  in  its  bearing 
qualities.  Sometimes  large  and  fair,  at  other  times  small 
and  knotty.     It  is  thin  skinned. 

QUEEN,  see  Fall  Queen- 

RAMBO,   or   Seel'-no-/urf/ur   of   PennayJratiitf.     (Jolor,   a 

7 


74  AV  E  .S  T  E  K  N     FRUIT    IJ  O  O  K  . 

yellowish    white;    form,  roundish,  a  little    flat;    size,  2; 
use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  February. 

Remarks. — Succeeds  in  all  soils,  and  situations.  Hardly 
any  superior  as  a  Fall  apple.  Best,  however,  in  limestone 
soils.  -'Generally  known  and  approved." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  "  The  Eambo,  the  Smokehouse,  aud  Fallr 
Pippin  are  preferred  to  all  others  .of  the  season,  for  the 
table  (so  far  as  varieties  have  been  proved  here)." — 
American  Pom.  Society,  Washington.  Thi^  variety  is  found 
wherever  Pennsylvania  Germans  settle.  Some  varieties 
exist,  keeping  hotter  than  others,  which  ripen  too  soon. 
With  us  (Cincinnati),  it  is  generally  large,  and  is  a  Fall 
fruit,  which  becomes  very  dry  and  mealy  in  November. 
Still,  the  Eambo  is  not  overrated.  If  not  allowed  to 
remain  too  long  on  the  tree,  they  remain  juicy  and  crisp 
to  the  last,  but  they  vary  ver}^  mnch  on  the  same  tree. 
Its  greatest  fault  is  overbearing  on  alternate  years. 

EA.MBOULETTE. 

Remarks. — "  Of  Judge  AVood.  Eambo." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Ramhour  Franc. 
Remarks. — Poor. 

RAMSD ALE'S  SWEETING.  Color,  red  striped ;  form, 
roundish  conical;  size,  1;  use,  table  and  kitchen;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  October. 

Remarks.  —  This  is  Eed  Pumpkin  Sweeting.  A  good 
table  and  baking  fruit.  Dr.  Mosher,  of  Latonia  Springs, 
values  it  highly.  (He  is  a  good  pomologist.)  One  of  the 
best  and  handsomest  sweet  aj)ples  cultivated  in  this  coun- 
try, being  tender. 

RARITAN    SWEET.     Color,   whitish;    form,    round; 


APPLES.  75 

size,   2 ;    use,   kitchen   and   stock ;    quality,    1 ;    season, 
December. 

Eemarks. — We  consider  it  valuable.  "Of  Morrow  Co., 
Ohio.     G-ood,  Winter." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

EAITLE'S  JANET,  Gennefing,  Nevcrfail,  etc.,  etc.  Color, 
light  pale  yellowish  green,  stained  with  dull  red,  with 
small  russet  dots,  sometimes  high  colored  ;  form,  roundish 
conical,  flat  at  stem  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  both  table  and  kitchen  ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  late  Spring  —  often  best  in  Aj^ril. 

Eemarks. — Tardy  in  coming  out  in  Sj^ring.  Generally 
escapes  Sjn-ing  frosts.  Yery  long  keeper.  Good  for  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
and  Southern  Ohio.  Flesh,  juicy,  sweet,  lively,  and  very 
pleasant;  tender,  when  ripe,  in  late  Winter  or  Spring. 
"Exceedingly  well  adapted  to  the  locality"  of  Cincinnati." 
— F.  G.  Car}).  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society's  Fruit 
Committee  consider  it  generally  "  a  prime  favorite."  The 
tree  is  very  j^rolitic,  and  should  be  thinned,  and  well  fed, 
to  produce  choice  specimens.  Its  late  blooming  has 
caused  it  to  be  named  "  Neverfail,"  as  it  thus  often  escapes 
frosts  that  have  killed  the  blossoms  of  otliers,  as  the  Bell- 
flower,  etc.  It  is  called  by  the  Scriptural  name  of  Eock 
Eimmon,  in  the  Scioto  Valley,  on  account  of  its  sure  bear- 
ing, and  long  keeping  qualities.  "  Eecommended  unani- 
mously."—  Travs.  Ohio  Pum.  Society.  The  more  red  stripes 
there  are  in  it,  the  better  the  fruit.  The  more  green,  the 
"worse.  Its  greatest  fiault  is,  a  too  great  tendency  to  bear. 
This  is  only  to  be  remedied  well  by  pruning,  both  inside 
and  out,  or  thinning  and  shortening  in.  It  is  a  great  mat- 
ter to  adapt  the  pruning  to  the  habit  of  the  tree.  Some 
varieties  want  a  great  deal,  and  some  but  little. 

Eed  Ashmore. 

Remarks. — "  Handsome,  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Soc. 


76  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Red  BcUfiower,  Striped  Bellfiomev,  etc.  Color,  greenish 
3^ellow,  covered  and  striped  with  red ;  form,  oblong  con- 
ical;  size,  1;  use,  table,  but  j^oor;  quality,  3;  season, 
October  to  December. 

Remarks— Foreign.     Unworthy. 

Red   Calville. 

Eemarks. — "Little  known,  and  less  value." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

RED  CANADA,  Old  Nonsuch,  Richfield  Nonsuch.  Color, 
rich,  clear  yellow  ground,  red  to  the  sun,  striped  light  and 
dark  red,  with  gray  spots ;  form,  roundish  conical,  flat- 
tened at  stem  end  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  :  season, 
November  to  April. 

Remarks. — "Excellent,  North  and  South." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Requires  the  best  of  soils.  Always 
fair  and  regular  in  shape.  Excellent,  either  for  orchard 
or  garden.     A  native  of  Massachusetts. 

Red  Favorite.     Color,  red  ;  form,  flat ;  season,  Fall. 
Remarks. — Pleasant,  juicy,  sub-acid. 

Red  Winter  Calville. 
Remarks. — Unworthy,  here. 

Red,  or  Black  Gilliflower.  Color,  dark  red ;  form, 
conical,  long;  size,  1;  use,  sale,  from  its  size  and  show; 
quality,  3;  season,  January  to  March. 

Remarks. — The  Black  Gilliflower  is  a  staiulard  market 
fruit,  being  productive,  and  a  good  keeper,  fine  equality, 
rather  dry,  but  high  flavored.  Not  much  cultivated  in 
this  locality  (Cincinnati).  * 

Red    Gilliflower.     Color,    light  red,    striped ;    form^ 


APPLES.  77 

conical,  scolloped,  or  ribbed  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality, 
2 ;  season,  November  to  December. 

Eemarks. — An  early  Winter  fruit,  of  fair  quality.     IS'ot 
equal,  however,  to   many   others   of  its  season.      Little^ 
known  here  (Cincinnati). 

Rrd  Streak,  or  Early  Red  SlreaJc.  Color,  red  striped ; 
form  round ;  size,  2  ;  use,  kitchen  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  by  many  at  the  Cincinnati  Hor- 
ticultural Societj^'s  Rooms.  Fruit  Committee  consider  it 
poor.  '^  Unworthy." — Dr.  Warder.  Pennsylvania  Eed 
Streak  is  synonymous  with  Hay's  Eed  Winter.  Eed 
Streak  is  also  applied  to  some  other  fruits.  An  early, 
coarse,  tart,  rich-looking  apple,  with  heavy  bloom.  Good 
for  cooking.  Sells  remarkably  well.  Two  trees,  planted 
twelve  years,  brought  Mr.  Petticolas  twenty-six  dollars, 
or  thirteen  dollars  to  the  tree.  It  bears  full  crops  in 
alternate  years,  and  half  a  crop  the  other. 

EED  ASTEACHAN.  Color,  deep  red;  form,  flat, 
roundish  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — "Valuable  for  early  market." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  This  will  prove,  when  better  known,  a 
valuable  fruit.  Tart,  but  good  when  cooked  with  sugar. 
A  productive  and  early  bearer.  A  very  beautiful,  early 
apple.  In  1855  they  came  in  before  Prince's  Harvest, 
and  sold  well.  They  bear  on  alternate  years  only,  and 
are  long  coming  into  bearing.  The  tree  is  quite  orna- 
mental. 

Red  and  "Long  Pearmain^  same  as,  or  synonymous  with 
Kaighns  Spitzenhurg,  also  Long  John,  and  Scarlet  Pearmain. 

Eemarks. — A  cooking  apple.  Bears  every  other  year. 
An  inferior  apple,  not  worth  cultivating. 


78  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Red  Gillifiower. 

Eemarks. — AYe  have  a  very  fine,  large  apple  by  this 
name,  very  tender  and  of  good  flavor,  bright  red  in  color, 
but  a  shy  bearer  on  young  trees.  Mr.  Mears  says,  they 
bear  well  when  the  trees  get  old.  Ours  have  been  planted 
nine  years,  and  have  not  borne  a  dozen  to  the  tree,  yet. 

Red  and    Green  Sweet. 

Eemarks. — "  Deemed  unworthy  of  cultivation." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.    Society. 

Red  Ingestrie.  Color,  dark  red  ;  form,  round  ;  size,  3  ; 
use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — This  little  aj^ple  will  never  prove  popular 
here.  "Foreign.  Small,  rich  ;  little  known  in  Ohio." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Eed  Grove. 

Eemarks. — Eegarded  by  the  National  Pomological  So- 
ciety as  "  very  good." 

Eed  Quarrenden,  Devonshire  Quarrenden^  or  Sack  Apple. 
Color,  deep,  clear  red,  with  specks  of  russet  green  ;  form, 
roundish  flattened ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table,  and  cooking ;  qual- 
ity, 2 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — "  A  handsome  and  popular.  Eastern  and  for- 
eign fruit,  little  known  in  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Red  Russet,  Golden  Pearmain^  Dutch  Pearmain,  or  Ruck- 
man's  Pearmain  —  pronounced  by  Ohio  Pomological  Soci- 
ety, Gohle  Russet. 

Eed  Winter  Pearmain. 

Eemarks. — One  of  our  best  Winter  Pearmains.     Ten 


APPLES.  79 

years  ago  it  was  the  best  apple  in  this  region,  but  since 
then  it  has  become  scabby  almost  every  year,  until  this 
last  year  (1856),  when  it  resumed  its  old  character,  and 
we  hope  it  will  continue  to  maintain  it. 

Eeinette,  Blanche  D'Espagne,  or  Whhe  Spaniah  Rei 
nette.     Color,   yellowish   green ;    form,   roundish    oblong, 
sometimes  ribbed;  size,  1;  use,  cooking;  quality.  2:  sea- 
son, October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — A  variety  of  the  Fall  Pippin  —  probably 
the  parent  of  that  fruit.  Sharp  sub-acid.  Only  lit  for 
cooking. 

Reinette  Pearmain. 

Eemarks. — "Little  known,  and  of  little  value."— JVt/yjs. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Reinette  Triumpliantc.  Color,  pale  yellow  ;  form,  round- 
ish oblong;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2  ;  season,  Xovem- 
ber  and  December. 

Eemarks. — Victorious  Eeinette.  German.  Eich,  tart. 
Kot  3^et  known  here.     Found  in  Mr.  Eehfuss's  garden. 

Eepublican  Pippin.  Color,  striped  red;  form,  round- 
ish, flattened  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season.  Fall. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  yellowish  white,  tender ;  flavor,  pleas- 
ant, peculiar  (slightly  sub-acid),  resembles  sometimes  that 
of  walnut..  ''  Seems  to  bear  poorly,  and  the  first  fruits,  at 
least,  are  not  fair.  Uncertain,  and  liable  to  speck  and 
rot.'' — Trdiis.  American  Pom.  Society.  Described  by  Dr. 
Brinckle,  in  Doivninys  HortimiUurisU 

EIIODE  ISLAiS^D  GEEENIK-G.  Color,  greeni^^h  yel- 
low, when  ripe  ;  form,  round,  flattened  ;  size,  I ;  use,  table, 
and  cooking;   quality,  in  this  vicinity,  hardly  second-rate 


80  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

sometimes,  though  Avhen   sound  and   healthy  always  1 ; 
season,  IS'ovember  to  January. 

Remarks. — One  of  the  best  cooking  apples,  and  quite 
rich  for  table  when  ripe.  Except  with  Mr.  W,  Orange, 
who  grows  it  on  a  sloping  ground,  with  a  north-east 
asjDCCt,  it  is  too  large  and  spongy  in  these  parts,  becoming 
russety.  It  here  generally  falls  and  decaj^s  badly.  Yery 
different  in  Ehode  Island,  and  elsewhere,  to  what  it  is 
here.  There  a  very  tine  and  valuable  apple.  Requires  a 
very  rich  soil,  the  lime  and  phosphates,  Avhich  is  j^robably 
the  reason  it  does  not  do  well  Avith  us  (Cincinnati),  being 
subject  to  bitter  rot.  ••  Highly  approved,  but  liable  to  rot 
and  speck  in  most  localities,  West." — Trans.  Ohio  Fom. 
Society.  Flesh,  rich  yellow.  Grows  well  in  the  Xorth  in 
a  thin  sand.  It  varies  much  in  different  localities.  With 
Mr.  Petticolas  it  has  done  very  well  so  far,  bearing  good 
crops  of  fine  apples.  Rather  tart  for  the  dessert,  but 
excellent  for  cooking.  None  of  the  Eastern  apples  are  so 
compact,  here,  as  there,  but  they  are  generally  larger  and 
more  spongy.     It  sells  well. 

Mihston  Pippin^  Glory  of  Yorh^  Travers,  and  Formosci,  or 
Beautiful  Pippin.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  russet  near  the 
stem,  dull  red  in  the  sun  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ; 
season,  October  to  January. 

Remarks. — The  finest  apple  in  England.  The  flesh, 
there,  rich,  firm,  yellow,  aromatic  sub-acid.  Yaluable  in 
Northern  regions,  a  failure  in  the  South,  or  Central. 
"English,  excellent  in  some  localities,  chiefly  North." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "  Does  not  equal,  by  any  means, 
and  at  a  long  distance,  its  European  and  Northern  char- 
acter, in  the  West." — Dr.  J.  A.  Warder  (one  of  our  best 
pomologists).  Doubtful  if  Ave  have  this  apj^le  genuine. 
There  is  a  great  difference  of  opinion  on  that  subject. 
The  specimens  we  have  seen  here,  are  so  different  from 


APPLES.  81 

the  largest  and  most  beautiful,  and  richest  apple  in  Eng- 
land, that  we  can  not  but  hesitate  in  thinking  them 
genuine. 

Robinson. 

Remarks. — "  Little  known,  and  of  little  value." — Trans, 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

KOCK  EIMMON,  see  Raules  Janet. 

EOME  BEAUTY.  Color,  bright  red,  yellow  ground ; 
form,  roundish  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  to  2 ;  sea- 
son, November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — Fruit  hangs  on  the  tree  late;  keeps  well 
through  Winter;  commands  a  high  price  from  its  fine 
size  and  great  beauty.  Improves  by  remaining  on  the 
tree  late.  This  fruit,  in  a  rich  soil,  grows  sometimes 
giganticalh'  large.  Immensely  large  ones  have  been 
exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society. 
Not  highly  flavored,  but  a  good  fruit.  Yery  attractive 
for  the  stalls  and  markets.  Flesh,  yellow,  tender  and 
juicy,  with  slight  sub-acid,  and  sweet,  agreeable  flavor. 
"A  seedling  of  Southern  Ohio,  highly  a2:)proved  for  mar- 
ket and  orchard  culture." — Traiu.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Sells 
often  at  four  dollars  per  barrel.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest 
bearers,  of  large  showy  apples,  in  the  whole  catalogue. 
It  bears  every  year.  It  keeps  well  and  sells  well ;  is  very 
profitable,  but  only  a  good  common  flavored  apple. 

Roman  Stem.  Color,  red  on  yellow  ;  form,  round  obo- 
vate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table;  quality,  1 ;  season,  November  and 
December. 

Remarks. — "A  good  Winter  apple.  Keeps  well." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Valuable  for  Pennsylvania,  and 
elsewhere,  and  fine  in  the  prairies  of  Illinois.  Productive. 


82  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

EOMANITE,  see,  also,  Gilpin  and  Carihouse.  "  Gilpin. 
Well  known.  Yery  long  keej^er." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  Exhibited  often  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticul- 
tural Society.  Fruit  Committee  decide  it  only  third- 
rate  for  the  table,  having  an  earthy  taste.  The  trees  are 
very  early  and  prolific  bearers ;  the  fruit  is  remarkably 
regular,  and  sound,  and  may  be  easily  preserved  until 
May  or  June,  and  will  command  about  four  dollars  per 
barrel  at  Cincinnati.  It  has  been  found  to  produce  a 
very  rich  cider.  ^ 

Eobey's  Seedling. 

Eemarks. — Pronounced  "very  good"  by  the  National 
Pomological  Society. 

EOSS'S  NOXPAEEIL.  Color,  dull  red  russeted  ;  form, 
round ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September 
to  November. 

Eemarks. — Productive.     Highly  flavored  and  valuable. 

EoXBURY  EusSET,  Putnam  Russet,  Marietta  Russet,  Boston 
Russet,  Belprc  Russet,  and  Sylvan  Russet.  Color,  dull  green, 
yellow  russet,  occasionally  faint  blush  on  sunny  side; 
form,  round,  rather  flat;  size,  1  to  2;  use,  table  and  cook- 
ing ;  quality,  3  for  table,  1  to  2  for  cooking ;  season, 
October  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Eather  dry  when  kept.  Hardy  and  very 
productive.  Falls  rather  badly.  A  thick  skin.  "  Putnam 
Eusset,  same  as  Eoxbury." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Socitty. 

Rule's  Summer  Sweeting.  Color,  yellow  ;  form,  oblong  ; 
size,  2 ;  use,  poor ;  quality,  3 ;    season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — Poor.  Unworthy ;  but  can  be  made  availa- 
ble for  stock,  etc. — as  all  sweet  apples  are  more  nourishiiig 
to  hogs,  cattle,  etc.,  than  sour  or  sub-acid  ones. 


APPLES.  83 

Scollop  Gilliflower.-    See  GilUfloicer  Scolloped. 
Eemarks. — "  Handsome.     Little   value." — Tram,,    Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Scarlet  Pearmain.  Color,  red  ;  form,  oblon_£:>',  conical ; 
size,  1;  use,  table  and  kitchen;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  season, 
November  and  December. 

Eemarks. — "Little  known  in  Ohio." — 2'rans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  This  fruit  is  much  cultivated,  though  not  with- 
out faults.  Much  admired  by  Mr.  A.  II.  Ernst.  Some- 
times very  handsome,  when  large.  Has  many  small 
specimens,  which  are  always  poor.  See  Kaighn's  Spit- 
zenburg,  identical. 

Scarlet  Siceeting. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Morgan  county,  Ohio.  Handsome, 
little  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Scarlet  Nonpareil^  or  New  Scarlet  Xoiiparcil.  Color,  deep 
red  on  yellowish  green  ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2  ;  use, 
kitchen  and  table  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  firm.  acid.     Foreign. 

SEEK-NO-FUETHEE,  WHITE.  Color,  white;  form, 
round,  flattened  a  little ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1 ; 
season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  by  T.  V.  Petticolas  (a  great  fruit 
cultivator,  twelve  miles  from  Cincinnati),  often  ;  he  calls 
it  White  Seek-no- further,  and  "very  good,"  which  is  con- 
curred in  by  Horticultural  Society's  Fruit  Committee. 
"Westfield." — Travis.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  We  disagree, 
l^ot  identical  with  White  Seek -no -further. 

Seever's  Seedling,  of  Coshocton  county,  Ohio. 
Eemarks. — "  Handsome,  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Sac. 


84  western  pruit  book. 

Silver  Eusset. 

Remarks. — The  finest  flavored  russet  known,  when  you 
can  get  them,  for  they  almost  invariably  rot  before  ripe. 

Sine  Qua  Non.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  round- 
ish ovate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  juicy,  sprightly,  sub-acid,  and  excel- 
lent flavor.  Slow,  poor  grower.  Good  bearer.  Our  rich 
Western  soils  undoubtedly  give  both  fruits  and  vegetables 
a  larger  and  more  tender,  or  spongy  growth.  And  so  this 
fruit  has  become  larger,  and  the  tree  a  better  grower 
here.  "  Of  Long  Island.  Poor  bearer,  and  of  little 
value." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Societi/.  This  conflicts  with  our 
experience  near  Cincinnati ;  but  localities  difl'er. 

Small  Black. 

Remarks.— '•  Of  T.  Y.  Petticolas.  ]S"ot  approved."— 
Trans.    Ohio  Pom.   Society.     Only  fit  for  cider. 

SMITH'S  CIDER.  Color,  pale  bright  red  and  yellow, 
sometimes  deej:)  red,  nearly  all  red,  with  white  specks ; 
form,  roundish  flattened,  slightly  oblong  sometimes ;  size, 
2  to  1  in  favorable  situations  and  soils  ;  use,  table  and 
cooking ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Remarks. — Fine,  good  grower,  with  a  spreading  habit. 
This  fruit  is  generally  considered  deserving  of  a  better 
name ;  cider  inferring  an  apple  mostly  suitable  for  that 
purpose  only.  It  is  a  fruit  which  has,  in  our  view,  con- 
siderable character,  and  its  peculiar  and  aromatic  flavor 
is  liked  by  many.  It  is  mostly  fair  and  glossy,  and 
attracts  much  attention  in  the  stalls.  Some  persons  think 
it  has  but  little  flavor,  and  that  unpleasant.  The  palate 
will  not  admit  of  much  disputation,  being  rather  an  arbi- 
trary organ.  White  flesh,  juicy.  "  Handsome  and  good 
Winter." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.     We  propose  that  it 


APPLES.  85 

be  called  Smith's  Apple, /ormerZj/  Cider.  But  *'give  a  dog 
a  bad  name,"  etc.  This  apple,  take  it  all  in  all,  is  the  most 
profitable  grown,  bearing  heav}^  crops,  every  year,  of 
large,  splendid  looking,  perfect  apples,  scarcely  a  worm 
to  be  found  in  them.  They  pres'ent  the  grandest  sight 
imaginable  in  the  orchard  about  picking  time,  the  tall 
trees  being  covered  from  top  to  bottom,  with  large  crim- 
son, brilliant  apples.  In  quality,  they  arc  about  like 
Eome  Beauty,  but  a  little  more  brisk  and  aromatic,  keep- 
ing until  late  in  the  Spring,  and  always  selling  well.  This 
day  (5th  February),  we  see  them  selling  at  twenty-five 
cents  for  four,  but  they  are  of  large  size. 

Smith's  Summer. 

Eemarks. — Best  for  drying.  Wood  very  thrifty ;  top 
regular.  A  good  annual  bearer.  Fruit,  large,  oblate, 
regular,  sweet,  juicy. 

Smoke  House.  Color,  striped  red  ;  form,  rather  flat ; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  September 
and  October. 

Eemarks. — Yery  productive.  Flesh,  yellowish  white, 
crisp,  and  juicy.  Flavor,  agreeable,  with  a  delicate  aroma. 
Exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society 
frequentl}'.  Much  grown  in  Pennsylvania.  Fruit  Com- 
mittee consider  that  it  can  be  long  preserved  in  good  order, 
though  generally  an  early  Winter  fruit.  Much  grown  also 
in  the  ISTorth-West.  H  is  a  Pennsylvania  variety.  A  seed- 
ling from  the  Yandevere,  but  betfer  than  that  apple.  It 
lis  described  by  Mr.  Brinckle,  in  the  Horticulturist^  Phila- 
delphia, and  much  esteemed  by  him,  an  excellent  pomolo- 
gist.  We  think  it  will  be  a  profitable  apj^le.  It  shows 
symptoms  of  being  a  great  bearer.     It  is  new  here  yet. 

Sops  of  Wine.     Color,  crimson,  darker  in  the  sun  ;  form, 


86  WESTERNFRUITBOOK. 

flattish,  conical;  size,  3;    use,  table;  quality,  3;    season, 
August. 

Remarks. — Crispy,  juicy,  tolerably  pleasant,  sub-acid. 
Beautiful,  but  neither  excellent  nor  profitable. 

Spence's  Early^  or  Sweet  June,  Summer  Sweet  of-  Ohio,  etc. 
Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  greenish  white  dots  ;  form, 
roundish  ;   size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  3'ellowish  white,  tender,  juicy,  sweet. 
Exhibited  before  the  Horticultural  Society  by  R.  Buchan- 
an, in  1855.  The  Fruit  Committee  consider  it  productive, 
but  apt  to  crack  in  the  ripening.     Good  for  stock. 

Spitzeiihurg,  Kaighii's. 

Remarks. — A  coarse,  but  very  showy  apple.  A  tolera- 
ble bearer.     Ijarge.     Sells  well. 

Springer  s  Seedling. 

Remarks. — '•  Long  keeper  ;  not  first-rate." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 

Sturmer  Pippin.  Color,  yellowish  green,  and  brown- 
ish red;  form,  short,  conical ;  size,  2:  use,  table;  season, 
until  Midsummer. 

Remarks.— Tree  healthy,  and  a  good  bearer,  highly 
flavored,  and  brisk. 

Spice    Sweeting.      Color,  yellowish  ;    form,  roundish  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July  and  August. 
Remarks. — "Handsome,  high  flavored." — Trans.    Ohio 

Pom.  Society. 

SPICE  PIPPIN,  Ortley,  or  White  Bellfloicer;  see  Ortley,  etc. 
Remarks. — Often  exhibited  before  the  Society.     Found 
excellent,  and  to  snccced  well  in  this  vicinity. 


APPLES.  87 

Stanley's  Early. 

Eemarks. — "  Eesenibles  Early  Pennock.  Second-rate." 
—  Trans.    Ohio   Pom.  Society. 

Stroat,  or  Straat.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  round- 
ish conical ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2;  season,  Septem- 
ber to  jS^ovember. 

Eemarks. — The  Dutch  name  for  Street.  Flesh,  yellow, 
tender,  brisk  sub-acid.  ISTot  much  grown  in  Ohio.  A 
pleasant,  late  Summer  fruit,  but  tart.  At  Dr.  Wm.  Smith's, 
near  Cincinnati.  An  excellent  apple.  Very  much  like 
White  Seek -no-further,  but  a  shy  bearer. 

Striped  Bellflower.     See  Eed  Bellflower. 

Summer  Calville.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  reddish  on 
one  side  near  the  stem,  cavity  russet ;  size,  large;  form, 
oblate. 

Eemarks. — Wood,  thrifty  ;  top,  not  very  regular  ;  sub- 
ject to  hWgtii.-^  Fruits  of  Missouri,  by  T.  Allen  of  S^  Louis. 

Summer  Sweet.     See  Spence's  Early,  or  Sweet  June. 
Eemarks. — The   earliest   of  sweet   apples — July  and 
August.     Has  no  superior  in  its  season. 

Summer  Cheese,  Fall  Cheese^  or  Gloucester  Cheese.  Color, 
greenish  yellow,  flush  of  red  in  the  sun  ;  form,  roundish; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Eastern  Ohio.  Good,  early  sweet." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

SUMMEE  EOSE.  Color,  glossy  yellow,  with  red 
stripes  ;  form,  roundish,  somewhat  flattened  ;  size,  3 ;  use, 
table  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  feeble  in  growth.     Not  valuable  for 


88  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

market,  but  for  dessert.  "  Fine,  but  slow  grower." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society,  "  Excellently  well  adapted  to 
the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary,  Farmers'  College, 
Ohio.  This  is  thought  by  the  American  Pomological  So- 
ciety the  best  apple  between  Yellow  Harvest  (or  Prince's 
Yellow  Harvest),  and  Summer  Queen,  and,  with  them,  it 
proves  an  excellent  bearer.  Exhibited  by  F.  G.  Cary, 
July,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  j^ronounced  it,  "  gradually 
ripening,  crisp,  brisk,  cooking  well,  and  fine  for  dessert. 
Should  be  planted  by  every  one  who  has  room  for  a 
single  tree." 

SUMMEE  QUEEN.  Color,  yellow,  red  stripes;  form, 
conical ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1  to  2 ; 
season,  July  and  August. 

Remarks. — •'  Good,  especially  for  market.''— J'/rrws.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  One  of  the  richest  Summer  cooking  apples. 
Too  tart  for  dessert.  Exhibited  by  E.  Buchanan,  Esq.,  and 
others,  July,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  regard  this  apple 
as  a  "  highl}^  flavored,  acid  fruit,  very  fine  for  cooking." 

Summer  Pearmain.  See  Autumn  Pearmain,  Sigler's 
Eed,  etc.  * 

Ee3iarks. — Excellently  well  adapted  to  the  vicinity  of 
Cincinnati. 

Shipley.,  Green.  Color,  red  and  russety ;  form,  oblong; 
size,  2;  use,  baking;  qualit}',  3;  season,  very  long. 

Eemarks. — Pennsylvania  apple.  Very  sour,  and  long 
keej^er.  "  Sheepnose,  of  Mr.  Petticolas.  AYhat  is  it?" — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  The  author  considers  it  very 
like  the  Newark,  or  French  Pippin,  except  the  flesh  is  not 
so  high  a  yellow,  nor  the  flavor  so  rich  ;  the  form  is  the 
same,  conical,  pippin-shaped ;  the  skin  is  also  less  green 
before  it  is  ripe,  when  it  is  of  a  light  j'cllow.     Mr.  Mears, 


APPLES.  89 

of  Fruit  Committee,  brought  the  same  apple  before  the 
Horticultural  Society,  under  the  name  of  Sheepnose. 
Sheepnose  is  proj)erly  a  synonyme  of  the  American  Golden 
Eusset. 

SIBEKIAN  CEAB. 

Eemarks. — There  are  many  varieties,  as  Eed,  Large 
Eed,  Yellow,  Purple,  Striped,  Transparent,  Oblong,  Dou- 
ble White,  Fragrant,  Cherry,  Sliowy,  Astrachan,  Currant. 
All  used  only  for  Preserving,  or  grown  for  ornament. 
The  Large  Eed  Siberian  Crab  is  in  possession  of  the 
author.  It  is  about  twice  the  size  of  the  foregoing,  round- 
ish ovate,  with  a  large  and  prominent  calyx,  and  rich  and 
bright  red  and  yellow  skin.  It  grows  in  the  thickest 
clusters,  all  along  the  branches,  and  produces  a  most  beau- 
tiful and  brilliant  appearance  at  a  small  distance  off,  like 
red  and  yellow  cherries.  It  is  a  superior  kind  of  this  fruit, 
and  by  no  means  common.  It  makes  rich,  firm,  and 
beautiful  Preserves,  when  gathered  before  it  is  too  ripe. 
The  stalks  should  remain  on.  Boughs  of  this  fruit  have 
excited  the  admiration  of  all,  when  exhibited  before  the 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society. 

Sigler's  Eed,  Autumn  Pcarmain,  Royal  Peannain,  Sum- 
mer Pearmai7i,  etc.  Color,  brownish  yellow  and  green,  red 
blended  with  yellow  in  sun,  small  brown  specks  ;  form, 
oblong  conical ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality, 
2;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Tree,  slender,  slow  growth,  irreg- 
ular.    Flesh,  pale  yellow,  crisp,  nearly  "best." 

Summer  Golden  Pippin.  Color,  yellow  ;  form,  roundish 
oblong;  size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  3;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  whitish,  firm,  sweet.  Unworthy  of 
cultivation. 

8 


90  WKSTERN     rKllT    BOOK. 

St.  Lawrence. — Color,  striped  dark  red,  green  ground  ; 
form,  roundish,  slightly  oblate,  sometimes  conical  obtuse; 
size,  2 ;  use  table  and  market ;  qualit}^,  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Remarks. — A  decorative  fruit,  to  which  class  it  pro- 
perly belongs.  Of  Canadian  origin.  "  Not  to  be  highly 
recommended." —  Western  Horticulturist. 

Surprize. 

Remarks. — A  fancy  sort,  with  a  pink  flesh.    Unworthy. 

Sugar  Loaf  Pippin,  or  Sugar  Loaf  Greening.  Color, 
greenish  yellow ;  form,  oblong,  conical ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table  ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Remarks. — Hardl}-  worth  notice,  although  "  good,"  or 
third-rate. 

SWAAR  (in  Dutch,  heavy).  Color,  dull  green,  when 
gathered,  becomes,  toward  Sj^ring,  of  a  brilliant  lemon 
color,  with  brown  specks ;  form,  round,  flattened,  slightly 
ribbed;  size,  1  to  2;  use,  table ;  quality,  1;  season,  Feb- 
ruary to  March. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  rich  soil.  "  Old  Winter  apple. 
Good  in  some  localities." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  A 
rich  and  valuable  sub-acid  apple  for  Spring.  Hardly 
known  with  us.     Much  grown  North. 

Sweet  Seedling. 

Remarks. — From  Indiana.  A  premium  recommended 
for  it.     Flavor,  good. 

Sweet  Bellflower,  Butter  of  some.  Color,  lemon  yel- 
low, slight  blush  in  sun,  numerous  light  and  dark  specks; 
form,  globular,  flattened  at  base,  slightly  ribbed  ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  October  and  November. 


APPLES.  91 

Hemarks.  —  This  description  is  from  A.  H.  Ernst. 
"Esteemed  in  some  parts  of  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  Flesh,  whitish  yellow,  breaking,  juicy,  sub-acid. 
Large,  handsome,  and  good,  but  a  shy  bearer. 

Siceet  BeUjiower^  of  Wyandot  county.  Color,  light  yel- 
low, dark,  cloudy  flakes,  and  yellow  specks ;  form,  globu- 
lar, slightly  conical ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
November  and  December. 

Sweet  Glllijiower.     Very  like  the  above,  if  not  identical. 

Sweet  Cann. 

Eemarks. — From  New  Jersey.  Winter,  fine  cooking. 
Exhibited  by  W.  S.  Chapman,  at  the  Horticultural  Society 
Eooms,  November,  1855. 

Sweet  Pearmain.  ^ 

Eemarks. — "  Little  known.  Good  long  keeper." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.   Society. 

Sweet  Eomanite,  Sweet  Nonsuch,  Orange  Sweet  (errone- 
ously). Color,  greenish  yelloM^  ground,  striped  with  bright 
red,  and  has  a  fine  bloom;  form,  roundish,  flattened,  and 
regular;  size,  2;  use,  table;  qualit}^,  1  ;  season,  November 
to  March. 

Eemarks. — From  W.  B.  Lipsey,  Morrow  county,  Ohio. 
In  Illinois  it  is  grown  as  the  Sweet  Nonsuch.  Flesh, 
greenish  yellow,  firm,  crisp,  juicy,  superior  to  Eamsdell's 
or  Danver's  Sweeting,  or  Winter  Sweet. 

Sweet  Pippin.  "  Of  Dayton.  Good.  Late  Fall."— 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Sweet  Bough.     Color,  greenish,  pale  yellow  when  ripe. 


92  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — "  Large  Yellow  Bough.  Early,  good,  gen- 
erally approved.  —  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Profitable 
for  market.     Common  in  Cincinnati  market,  and  popular. 

Siccet  London  Winter^  or  London  Winter  Sweet. 

Remarks. — One  of  our  finest  Winter  sweet  apples,  uni- 
formly fair,  and  regularly  formed.  A  great  bearer  on 
alternate  years.  Pale  straw  color,  oblate.  Sells  well,  and 
the  very  best  for  apple  butter. 

Sweet  Lyman  s  Pumpkin,  or  Lyman's  Pumpkin  Sweet. 

Eemarks. — Does  remarkably  well  here,  bearing  large, 
fine-looking  apjiles.  Excellent  for  stock,  and  the  tree 
bears  very  young. 

Sour  or  Tart  Bough.  "  Eesembling  Early  Harvest ; 
not  so  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Profitable  also  for 
market.     Much  seen  in  Cincinnati  market,  and  popular. 

Sweet  Russet,  Pumpkin  Pusset,  York  Russet,  and  Flint 
Russet.  Color,  yellowish  green,  thinly  russeted ;  form, 
roundish;  size,  1 ;  use,  cooking,  for  apple  butter ;  quality, 
2;  season,  August  to  October. 

Remarks. — An  excellent  fruit  for  cooking  in  cider.  We 
have  a  butter  apple  here  that  is  valuable  in  its  season  for 
cider  and  apple  butter.  Both  that  and  the  Sweet  Russet 
are  fair  and  great  bearers. 

Tart  Bough.  See  Sour  Bough.  The  best  of  the  Boughs. 

Talpehocken.     See  Fallawater. 

Remarks. — "Large.  Second-rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society. 

Tallow  Apple,  or  Lowel.     Color,  oily,  pale   yellow. 


APPLES.  93 

Eemarks. — Very  much  like  the  Porter;  more  acid. 
Bears  very  young. 

Tewhshury  Winter  Blush,  see  Fink.  Color,  yellow,  red 
cheek;  form,  rather  flat;  size,  3;  use,  table;  quality,  3; 
season,  February,  to  July  or  August. 

Eemarks. — Pleasant,  but  not  high  flavored.  Eemarka- 
ble  for  freshness  after  long  keeping.  Vigorous  and  pro- 
ductive. Cultivated  in  the  Middle  and  "Western  States. 
A  good  baking  and  stock  apple.  "Valuable  for  long 
keeping." — T'rans.  Ohio  Pom.  SocieAij. 

TALMAN'S  SWEETING.  Color,  whitish  ;  form,  round- 
ish conical ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  and  stock  ;  quality,  1. 

Eemarks. — "  First-rate,  especially  for  baking  in  Win- 
ter."—  Traits.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  Good  for  baking  and 
stock,  particularly  with  us.  It  has  proved,  generally,  a 
very  inferior  fruit — not  at  all  to  be  compared  with  the 
Broadwell,  which  is  the  best  keeping  sweet  apple  for 
this  climate. 

Tetofsky.  Color,  a  yellow  ground,  handsomely  striped 
with  red ;  and,  like  most  Eussian  apples,  covered  with  a 
whitish  bloom,  under  which  is  a  shiny  skin  ;  form,  round- 
ish oblong,  sometimes  nearly  round ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  August,  sometimes  July. 

Eemarks. — This  apple  is  not  much  known  yet  in  this 
country.  What  is  known  of  it  is  favorable.  It  is  said  to 
be  valuable  for  cooking  and  marketing. 

Titus  Pippin. 

Eemarks. — Not  generally  known ;  resembles  Newark, 
or  French  Pippin,  and  Ortley.  A  fine  looking  and  pretty 
good  large  apple.  Looks  a  little  like  Yellow  Bellflower. 
A  fine,  upright  tree,  bearing  heavy  crops.     Profitable. 


D4  \N-  K  8  T  E  E  N    F  R  U  I T     BOOK. 

TOWNSEISTD  APPLE.  Color,  pale  yellow ;  form,  round- 
ish, and  usually  flattened;  size,  2;  use,  table;  quality,  1; 
season,  August  to  September. 

Eemarks. — Bloom  like  the  Astrachan.  "  One  of  the 
most  delicious  late  Summer  and  early  Autumn  apples." — 
Hurticiilturist.  "Not  highly  recommended." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.   Society. 

Trenton  Early. 

Eemarks. — "Eesembles  Gold  Sweeting." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.   Society. 

Twenty  Ounce.  Color,  green,  strij^ed  or  blushed ;  form, 
round  conical;  size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
October. 

Eemarks. — A  drying  kind ;  popular  in  Western  New 
York.  Unworthy  of  introduction  from  its  season.  "  Cay- 
uga Eed  Streak;  second-rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Tyrone.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  red  stripes  and  white 
dots  ;  form,  pippin  shaped  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ; 
quality,  2 ;  season.  Winter  to  Spring. 

Eemarks. — Brought  from  Ireland  by  Wm.  Culbertson, 
on  the  Licking  Eiver;  a  pioneer  frait-raiser  here. 

Victuals  and  Drink.  Big  Siceet.  or  Poinjiey. 
Eemarks. — T^n  worthy. 

Vandevere  Yellow,  or  Vandevere  Pippin.  Color,  red  and 
yellowish  green,  strij^ed  gray;  form,  round,  flattened  a 
good  deal;  size,  1;  use,  kitchen;  quality,  2  to  3;  season, 
September  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Coarse  and  acid  ;  excellent  for  cooking  and 
dr^'ing.  Much  cultivated  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 
and  Indiana  ;  weighs  very  heavy.     This  is  different  from 


APPLES.  95 

the  gray  Yandevere.  Apt  to  speck  and  rot.  Large  tree, 
thrifty  and  productive.  Cooks  well  with  sugar,  but  coarse 
and  tart  when  raw. 

Virginia  Greening.  Color,  green ;  form,  round,  flat ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  very  late  in 
Spring,  or  beginning  of  Summer. 

Eemarks. — Unworthy.  "  Long  keej)er,  but  valueless." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pum.  Society.  Exhibited  at  the  Cincinnati 
Horticultural  Society's  Eooms  very  late  in  the  season. 
The  Fruit  Committee  "  can  not  recommend  this  variety  for 
the  table,  yet  it  keeps  well,  and  will  command  a  good 
price  in  the  market  in  the  S^^ring."  It  is  a  passable  aj^ple 
next  Summer — very  different  from  the  Grindstone,  or 
American  Pippin.  This  used  to  be  a  great  favorite  in 
this  neighborhood  (now  fortunately  times  have  changed), 
but  it  has  lost  of  late  its  character  of  a  good  keeper. 
It  rots  badly  on  the  trees.  We  consider  it  a  very  poor 
apple,  and  not  to  be  recommended. 

Wagener.  Color,  shaded,  and  indistinctly  striped  with 
pale  red,  and  a  full,  deep  red  in  the  sun,  on  warm,  yoi- 
low  ground,  often  streaked  with  russet ;  form,  oblate,  ob- 
scurely ribbed  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  season,  ripens  through 
the  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Much  admired  in  New  York ;  flesh  yellow- 
ish, very  fine  grained,  tender,  compact,  mild,  sub-acid, 
very  aromatic ;  excellent.  Should  be  freely  trimmed,  to 
produce  large,  fine  fruit  in  abundance. 

Watson's  Dumpling.  Color,  j-ellowish  green,  faintly 
striped ;  form,  nearl}'  round,  regular ;  size,  1 ;  use,  for 
cooking;  quality,  2;  season,  early  Winter,  or  late  Fall, 
in  Ohio. 

Eemarks. — English.     Indifferent,  poor. 


96  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Ward. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Champaign  County,  Ohio ;  very  largo 
and  showy;  little  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pon.  Society. 

"Waxen  Apple.     See  Belmont. 

Well's  Apple.  Color,  bright  yellowish,  green  and 
red  ;  form,  roundish  conical,  slightly  oblate  ;  size,  2  to  1  ; 
use,  fine  baking;  season,  Winter. 

Remarks. — Tree  very  productive,  Central  Ohio.  "  Eng- 
lish Eed  Streak,  Striped  Rhode  Island  Greening,  Domine? 
Approved  in  Eastern  Ohio." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

WHITE  BELLFLOWER,  Detroit,  Ortley,  etc.  See  Bell- 
flower,  White. 

Remarks. — Yery  superior,  but  very  subject  to  scabbi- 
ness.  Bears  heavily  every  other  year,  and  were  it  not 
for  scab  would  be  far  before  Yellow  Bellflower. 

Willow  Twig.  Color,  greenish  j^ellow,  striped  and 
mottled  faintly  with  dull  red ;  form,  roundish,  slightly 
conical ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season.  Winter. 

Remarks. — A  long  keeper.  Cultivated  with  us  much 
now  as  a  market  apple.  "  Profitable  Winter.  South  West- 
ern Ohio." — Trans.    Ohio  Pom.   Society. 

AYlNE,  synonymous  with  Hays  Apple,  or  Hays  Winter. 
Color,  obscurely  striped  and  mottled  with  red,  on  yellow 
ground;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;    season,  Fall. 

Remarks.— Flavor,  rich,  sub-acid.  Flesh,  yellowish 
white,  very  handsome  and  regular ;  not  equal  to  many 
other  sorts,  however.  There  are  several  apples  impro- 
perly called  by  this  name.  "  Profitable  and  good  Winter." 
—  Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  It  has  a  pleasant,  vinous 
flavor,  whence  its  name. 


APPLES.  97 

WINESAP.  Color,  dark  red,  lively;  size.  2;  use, 
kitchen  and  dessert;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  N'overaber 
to  February. 

Eemarks. — Hardly  ever  fails  to  bear.  ISTo.  2  in  quality 
and  Ko.  1  in  profit.  A  valuable,  second-rate  apple.  A 
productive  and  early  bearer.  "  Exceedingly  well  adapted 
to  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary.  Yery  good 
grower ;  hardly  a  word  to  be  said  against  it.  Valuable  for 
cultivation.  One  of  the  good  little  apples,  or  rather 
medium,  pleasant  eating  all  the  Winter,  good  cooking, 
and  a  good  bearer.  Eather  too  small  to  command  a  great 
price  in  market. 

Western  Spy. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Central  Ohio.  Handsome  and  good 
Winter." — Trans.    Ohio  Porti.  Society. 

Westfield  Seek-no-further. 

Eemarks.  —  This  apple  is  entirely  distinct  from  the 
White  Fall  Seek-no-further,  the  Westfield  having  red  and 
russet  at  one  end.  More  like  Pryor's  Eed,  being  a 
medium  Winter  apple.  The  White  never  has  any  red 
or  russet,  but  is  remarkable  when  the  apple  is  rij^e  (a 
pale  straw  color),  for  a  green  tinge  around  the  stem,  and 
is  gone  in  November. 

WHITE  DETEOIT,  see    White  BeUfiower  and  Ortley. 

White  Gillijlower. 

Eemarks. — "Of  Mr.  Benedict;  not  approved." — Tram. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

White  Codlin.     Color,  white;  form,  oblong;   size,  8; 
use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  JS'ovember  and 
December. 
9 


98  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Pennsylvania  apple,  originated  in  Mary- 
land. Fall  and  early  Winter.  Very  rich,  acid  juice, 
and  very  pleasant. 

WHITE  BELLFLOWEE,  or  Detroit,  see  Ortley,  etc. 
Color,  light  yellow  ;  form,  generally  conical,  a  little  flat  at 
base ;  size,  1  ;  use,  dessert ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to 
March. 

Eemarks. — Skin,  thin,  smooth  and  oily  to  the  touch. 
Flesh,  tender  and  sprightly.  Identical  w^th  Ortley,  or 
Woolmari's  Long,  White  Detroit,  Hollow  Core  Pippin,  Ohio 
.Favorite,  etc.,  etc.  "Excellently  well  adapted  to  the  vicin- 
ity of  Cincinnati."  —  F.  G.  Cary,  a  practical  fruit  culti- 
vator. One  of  the  most  hardy  and  profitable  apples  in 
the  West,  and  much  seen  on  the  stalls. 

White  Spice.  Form,  regular  round,  somewhat  flat ; 
size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and  SejD- 
tember. 

Eemarks. — A  Pennsylvania  apple.  "  Good  for  homo 
use,  but  especially  for  market."  —  Pennsylvania  Reports, 
from  David  Miller,   Jr. 

WHITE  PIPPm,  see  Canada  Pippin  (although  identity 
is  very  doubtful),  and  Canada  Eeinette.  Color,  greenish 
white ;  form,  round  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  kitchen  and  dessert ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Succeeds  well  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati. 
"  Good  and  profitable  Winter." — Tra7is.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
Exhibited  by  M.  McWilliams  (one  of  theFruil  Committee 
of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  with  whom  it  is, 
as  with  others,  deservedly  a  very  great  favorite),  and 
others.  Pronounced  by  the  Fruit  Committee,  at  large,  of 
great  value.  By  some  it  is  considered  to  lack  high  char- 
acter and  flavor,  but  if  it  is  not  of  the  very  highest,  wo 


APPLES.  99 

think  it  makes  very  close  approaches  to  them.    Excellent 
for  cooking,  also,  and  productive. 

White    Winter  Calville. 

Remarks. — Not  admired.  Grown  somewhat  in  Canada 
and  in  the  North. 

WHITE  WINTEE  PEAEMAIN.  Color,  narrow  and 
broken  stripes  of  dull  red  or  greenish  yellow;  form, 
oblong-ovate  conical,  or  verging  to  a  point,  though  ends 
somewhat  flattened;  size,  2;  use,  dessert;  quality,  1;  sea- 
son, as  its  name  implies. 

Eemarks. — This  apple  is  of  the  highest  excellence,  and 
early  engaged  the  attention  of  the  Fruit  Committee  of 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society.  They  have  thus 
described  it:  —  "Medium,  conical,  basin  shallow,  often 
plaited,  stem  short,  skin  smooth,  greenish  yellow  when 
ripe,blushed  when  exposed;  flesh,  firm,  breaking,  juicy, 
very  sweet,  pleasant,  lively,  sub-acid ;  seeds  of  a  pecu- 
liarly light  brown  color,  in  a  moderate  cavity."  This 
very  prolific  and  delicious  variety  is  a  good  keeper,  and 
highly  valuable.  How  could  it  have  been  confounded 
with  Michael  Henry  Pij^pin  so  long?  We  consider  this 
the  best  flavored  dessert  apple  of  its  season  (April  and 
Miiy),  retaining  its  juicy  flavor  and  crispness  to  the  last. 
They  were  fine  on  the  10th  of  last  June  (1856).  A  great 
bearer  on  alternate  years  ;  a  little  subject  to  scab.  The 
wood  is  remarkably  soft,  stems  thick,  and  when  loaded 
with  fruit  hangs  to  the  ground  ;  just  the  reverse  of  the 
Michael  Henry  Pippin,  which  is  never  pendulous. 

White  Juneating. 

Eemarks. — "  Bracken,  and  Carolina,  of  Southern  Ohio." 
—  Trans.    Ohio  Pom.    Society. 


100  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

WHITE  EAMBO.  Color,  white  ;  form,  roundish  flat- 
tened ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen;  quality,  2  to 
1 ;  season,  Fall. 

Eemarks. — Ey  some  preferred  to  the  famous  Eambo. 
It  is  larger  and  whiter.  "  Of  Morrow  county.  Approved 
where  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  I.  Morris  sells 
more  trees  of  this  than  of  any  other  variety.  ]S^ot  gene- 
rally distributed.  Has  the  same  thick  skin  and  dots,  as 
the  common  Eambo. 

White  Vandcvere. 

Eemarks. — "What  is  it?" — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

White  Astrachan.  Color,  white,  faint  streak  of  red ;  form, 
roundish  conical ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  3  ;  season, 
July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — Unworthy  —  poor. 

White   Seek-no-further. 

Eemarks. — "  Eesembles  AYestfield,  except  in  color." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society 

Williams^  Favorite. 

Eemarks. — Has  not  met  the  expectations  of  its  plant- 
ers.    Sometimes  very  beautiful. 

Willow  Leaf. 

Eemarks. — Willow  Leaf,  and  Willow  Twig,  Mr.  Mears 
says,  are  distinct.  Willow  Leaf  is  rather  a  poor  apple ; 
its  keeping  qualities  being  its  only  recommendation.  We, 
however,  think  these  two  apples  are  the  same. 

WINTEE  PEAEMAIN,  WHITE.  See,  also,  White 
Winter  Pearmain.     Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  conical ; 


APPLES.  .  101 

size,    2 ;    use,   table ;    quality,    1 ;    season,    January    to 
March. 

Eemarks. — "Good  keeper;  second-rate." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  We  consider  it  nearer  ISTo.  1,  near  Cincin- 
nati. Exhibited  late  in  the  season  before  the  Horticul- 
tural Society,  and  is  fast  growing  to  be  a  favorite.  It  is 
sound  and  good  till  Spring.  Prolific,  and  a  good  keejDcr; 
nearly  first-rate  in  quality  ;  a  safe-keeping  variety,  and  a 
juicy  and  good  apple  in  January  and  February.  Often 
confounded  with  the  Michael  Henry  Pippin,  from  which 
it  is  not  easily  distinguished  by  the  taste  ;  seeds,  pale 
brown,  while  those  of  the  Michael  Henry,  are  nearly 
black.  The  shape  is  also  more  conical  —  hence  its  syno- 
nyme,  Sheepnose.  Michael  Henry  often  becomes  cottony 
and  tasteless.  White  Winter  Pearmain  is  crisp  and  juicy. 
See  Michael  Henry. 

Winter  Cheese. 

Eemarks. — Of  Eastern  Ohio.    Good  as  a  long  keeper. 

WINTEE  QUEEN.  Color,  deep  crimson  in  the  sun, 
a  lively,  pale  red  in  the  shade  ;  form,  conical,  base  broad ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  early  Winter. 

Eemarks. — It  is  a  large,  fine,  juicy  fruit. 

Winter  Greening. 

Eemarks. — "  Of  Zanesville.  Eesembles  Ehodp  island 
Greening." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Winter  Pennoch.     See  Pennock. 

Eemarks. — "  Coarse,  liable  to  bitter  rot." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society, 

Winter  Sweet  Pippin. 

Remarks. — "Little  known." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 


102  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Wing  Sweeting.  Color,  light  and  dark  red,  indis- 
tinctly striped  on  dark  yellow;  form,  round,  flattened; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Productive. 

Winter  Sweet  Paradise. 

Eemarks. — A  rich,  sweet  apple,  of  good,  sprightly  but 
not  high  flavor;  light  in  weight ;  a  very  productive  and 
excellent,  good  sized  orchard  fruit,  and  of  fine  appearance. 
"  Excellent  for  table,  and  baking." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  A  valuable  SAveet  apple,  grown  much  about  Co- 
lumbus by  Pennsylvanians.  Successfully  cultivated  in 
different  parts  of  Ohio.     Generally  approved. 

WonderlicK s  Spice. 

Eemarks. — "  Eesembles  American  Golden  Eusset." — 
Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Woodstock. 

Eemarks. — A  coarse  apple,  only  fit  for  cooking.  It  has 
been  confounded  with  the  Dyer,  one  of  the  very  best  des- 
sert apples. 

Wormsley  Pippin.     Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  round- 
ish; size,  2;  use,  cooking;  quality,  3  to  4;  season.  Fall. 
Eemarks. — Unworthy. 

Yellow  Ingestrie.     Color,  clear,  rich  yellow  ;  size,  small. 
Eemarks. — Of  little  value  in  this  country. 

YELLOW  I^EWTOWN  PIPPm.  See  also  Newtown 
Pippin,  Yellow,  and  Newtown  Pippin,  Green.  Color, 
greenish  yellow ;  form,  round  flattened,  often  one-sided  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  March. 

Eemarks. — The  American  apple,  in  England,  at  the 


MiddZeiDTi-,  JPW,a£e  s  OChi-.O 


YEILOWBELLEFIOWER. 
Natural  Size. 


APPLES.  103 

tables  of  Eoyalty  and  the  Nobilit}'-,  and  the  rich  who  can 
afford  the  luxury.  There  is  only  one  apple  there  that 
comes  up  to  this  —  the  Eibston  Pippin — and  that  has 
hardly  as  high  a  flavor.  ''  Well  adapted  to  the  locality  of 
Cincinnati,  with  a  rich  soil." — F.  G.  Gary.  Bich  lime 
stone  lands  best.  Pell  grows  it  largely  for  shipment  in 
New  York.  The  Yellow  is  the  commonest  kind  in  mar- 
ket, and  is  larger  than  the  Green.  Apt  to  be  one-sided. 
[Richer  color,  more  juicy  and  sprightly,  and  less  tender 
fleshed  than  the  Green  ISTewtown.  Eather  indigestible 
before  Spring,  but  of  the  highest  character  for  flavor. 
There  is  great  confusion  about  these  two  kinds  in  nurseries. 

YELLOW  BELLFLOWEE.  See  Bellflower.  Color, 
as  its  name  denotes;  form,  oblong,  conical;  size,  1;  use, 
table  and  kitchen;  quality,  1 ;  season,  December. 

Eemarks. — "Generally  approved,  rather  acid." — 2\-ans. 
Ghio  Pom.  Society.  A  favorite  fruit,  of  peculiar  flavor. 
Yery  tart  before  ripe.  A  wonderful  change  when  ripe. 
Apt  to  be  frosted  in  the  blossom.  "  Exceedingly  well 
adapted  to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

York  Russet. 

Eemarks. — "  Sweet  Eusset,  Large,  sweet,  poor." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Zane^s  Seedling. 

Eemarks. — "Eesembles  Gilpin  or   Eomanite." — Trans. 

Ohio  Pom.  Society. 

Zane^s    Greening 

Eemarks. — ";N"ot  generally  approved." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society. 


104  WESTERN   FRUIT   BOOK. 


ADDENDA    O'F    SEEDLINGS. 

Buchanan's  Pippin,  or  James  s.  Color,  dull  greenish 
red  ;  form,  round  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
March  to  May. 

REMARKS.^This  pleasant  seedling  was  named  after  a 
young  son  of  Mr.  Eobert  Buchanan,  and  found  by  him  in 
his  father's  tine  orchard.  It  is  named  after  him,  as  a  me- 
lancholy memento.  Basin  oj^en,  planted  moderately  deep. 
Tree  with  a  round,  upright  head.  A  great  bearer,  and 
vigorous. 

Seedling,  from  A.  A.  MuUett.  Color,  yellow,  with  red 
streaks;  form,  evenly  round,  rather  flattened;  size,  2; 
quality,  2 ;  season,  fine  eating  beginning  of  October. 

Eemarks. — Sub-acid,  and  good  for  cooking. 

Fink's  Seedling. 

Eemarks.  —  A  remarkably  long  keeping  variety,  of 
good  quality.  Eaised  by  John  Clarke,  of  Somerset. 
Specimens  grown  one  year,  well  preserved,  were  shown 
along  with  those  of  the  next  season.  Size,  2,  very  smooth 
and  round ;  color,  dull  green,  becoming  yellow  at  matu- 
rity, with  a  dash  of  bronze  red  on  the  sunny  side ;  flesh, 
white,  tender,  juicy,  of  mild,  sub-acid  flavor.  The  tree  of 
fair  growth,  and  very  productive. 

Longworth's  Sweet.  Color,  yellowish  green,  with 
spots  of  smoky  russet ;  form,  roundish,  conical ;  size, 
medium  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Flavor,  very  pleasant,  but  rather  dry  in 
February.  A  very  good  sweet  apple,  particularly  in 
December. 


APPLES.  105 

LIST  OF  APPLES, 

FOR   THE  WESTERN    STATES. 

The  following  list  contains  a  Catalogue  of  the  most 
popular  variety  of  Apples  recommended  by  various  Pom- 
ological  vSocieties  of  the  United  States  for  the  Western 

States  : 

4 

Baldwin.     Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois. 

EoxBURY  EussET.  Michigan,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Indiana, 
Illinois. 

Ehode  Island  Greening.  Michigan,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Mis- 
souri, Illinois. 

SwAAR.     Ohio,  Illinois,  Michigan. 

Esopus  Spitzenburg.    Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Michigan. 

Early  Harvest.  Virginia,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois, Michigan,  Iowa. 

Swj:et  Bough.  Illinois, Yirginia, Missouri,  Indiana,  Ohio. 

Summer  Eose.  Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois. 

Fall  Pippin.  Michigan,Yirginia,Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois. 

Belmont.     Michigan,  Ohio. 

Golden  Sweet.     Missouri. 

Eed  Astrachan.     Iowa,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois. 

Jonathan.     Ohio,  Missouri. 

Early  Strav/berry.     Ohio. 

Danver's  AYinter  Sweet.     Ohio. 

American  Summer  Pearmain,     Illinois. 

Maiden's  Blush.     Ohio,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Illinois. 

Porter.     Ohio,  Missouri. 

Gravenstein.     Ohio. 

Yandevere.     Missouri,  Indiana,  Illinois. 

Tellow  Bellflower.  Michigan,  Iowa,  Yirginia,  Ohio, 
Missouri,  Illinois. 

Fameuse.     Illinois,  ' 


106  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Newtown  Pippin.  Michigan,  Iowa,  Yirginia,  Ohio, 
Missouri,  Indiana,  Illinois. 

Eambo.  Michigan,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois. 

Smokehouse.     Yirginia,  Indiana. 

Fallawalden.     Ohio. 

Golden  Eusset.     Ohio,  Illinois. 

WiNESAP.     Ohio,  Illinois. 

White  Bellflower.     Missouri,  Illinois. 

Holland  Pippin.     Michigan,  Missouri,  Indiana. 

Eaule's   Janet.     Iowa,  Virginia,  Illinois. 

Lady  Apple.     Ohio,  Missouri. 


LIST    OF   APPLES, 

ADAPTED  TO  ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  CULTURE  IN  THE  OHIO  VALLEY. 
Names.  Summer. 

1.  American  Summer  Pearmain  1 

2.  American  Golden  Eusset      0 

3.  Bellflower  (Yellow)  0 

4.  Belmont   0 

5.  Bevan's  Favorite    2 

6.  Benoni 3 

7.  Black's  Annett   4 

8.  Bohannon    5 

9.  Broadwell    0 

10.  Cooper 0 

11.  Carthouse     0 

12.  Domine 0 

13.  Dutch  Mignonne    0 

14.  Earl}'  Strawberry  6 

15.  Early  Chandler  7 

16.  Early  Pennock   8 

17.  Findley    9 

18.  Fall  Pippin 0 


er.        Fall. 

0  ... 

Winter 

...    0 

0  ... 

...•  1 

0  ... 

...    2 

0  ... 

...    3 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    4 

1 ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    5 

0  ... 

...    6 

0  ... 

...    7 

0... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

0  ... 

...    0 

2  ... 

...    0 

APPLES.  107 

Names.  Summer.        Fall.  Winter. 

19.  Fameuse  (Snow  Apple)     0  0  8 

20.  Fort  Miami 0  o  9 

21.  Gravenstein     0  3  0 

22.  Harvest  (Yellow  H.,  Early  II.)    ...10  0 0 

23.  Jersey  Sweet  0 4 0 

24.  Jonathan 0  0  10 

25.  Keswick  Codlin U  o 0 

26.  Large  Sweet  Bough  12 0  0 

27.  Lady  Apple  (Pomme  d'Api)    0 0  10 

28.  Limber  Twig  0 0  11 

29.  Maiden's  Blush   0 5  32 

30.  Michael  Henry  Pippin 0  0  10 

31.  Milam   0  ......  0 14 

32.  INewtown  Spitzenburg 0 0  , 15 

S3.  Ortley  (White  Beilflower)     0 0 16 

34.  Pennsylvania  Eed  Streak    0  6  0 

35.  Phillips'  Sweeting 0 0  17 

36.  Pryor's  Eed ...  0  0  18 

37.  Eambo  0 7 0 

38.  Eaules'  Janet 0 0 19 

39.  Eed  Astrachan    13 0 0 

40.  Ehode  Island  Greening    0 0  20 

41.  Eome  Beauty 0  , 0 21 

42.  Eoxbury  Eusset 0  0  22 

43.  Summer  Queen  14 0  0 

44.  Summer  Eose 15, 0    0 

45.  Smokehouse    0 8 0 

46.  Smith's  Cider 0  9 0 

47.  Yandevere  0  0  23 

48.  White  June  (Juneating,  etc.)  16 0  0 

49.  Williams'  Favorite 17 0  0 

50.  Willow  Twig  0  0 24 

51.  Wine  Apple 0 0  25 

52.  Yellow  Newtown  Pippin 0 0 26 


108  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

The  list,  as  thus  extended,  embraces  fifty-two  varieties 
of  apples,  which  competent  authorities  recommend  for 
general  cultivation  in  the  Ohio  valley.  Of  these,  seven- 
teen are  Summer  apples,  and  twenty-six  "Winter  aj^ples. 

1.  "Decidedly  the  best  apple  of  its  season." — Trans. 
Ky.  Hort.  Society.  ''  Highly  approved." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  "  Eequires  a  deep,  warm  soil,  well  suj^plied  with 
lime  and  potash,  when  it  succeeds  admirably  in  all  sec- 
tions.— Elliott.  "Bears  early  and  abundantlj^;  one  of  the 
best  in  all  parts  of  the  country." — Barry. 

2.  "First  YuXe:'— Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "Flesh 
remarkably  tender;  juicy,  almost  buttery,  delicate, 
sprightly." — Elliott. 

3.'  "  Generally  aj)proved  ;  rather  acid." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  "  Tender,  juicy,  sprightly,  sub-acid." — El- 
liott. "  Crisp,  juicy,  pretty  acid,  and  rich.  Yery  pro- 
ductive, succeeds  well  throughout  all  portions  of  the 
country. ' ' — Barry. 

4.  "  Generally  approved,  especially  in  JSTorthern  Ohio, 
but  in  Southern  part  of  the  State  somewhat  given  to  rot- 
ting upon  the  tree." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "  Flesh 
very  tender,  juicy,  sprightly,  sub-acid.  On  all  high, 
warm,  or  limestone  soils,  does  finely." — Elliott.  "  Suc- 
ceeds well  in  New  York  and  E"orthern  Ohio,  but  is  vari- 
able at  Cincinnati  and  further  South.  Flesh,  sub-acid, 
juicy,  fine." — Barry. 

5.  "  Of  little  value."— I'mMs.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "  Flesh, 
fine,  tough,  sub-acid." — Elliott.  "A  New  Jersey  apple, 
where  it  is  esteemed  as  one  of  the  best  of  its  season,  sub- 
acid and  good." — Barry. 

6.  "Handsome,  early,  and  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  "  Flesh,  yellow,  tender,  crisp,  juicy,  vinous, 
very  good." — Elliott.  "  Tender,  juicy,  and  rich ;  a  good 
bearer. ' ' — Barry. 

7.  "  Eecommended   by  Young  and  Byram.     A  very 


APPLES.  109 

superior  apple,  well  known,  and  deservedly  popular." — 
Trans.  Ky.  Hort.  Socictij. 

8.  "Fine  Southern  apple." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
"Flesh,  yellowish  white,  tender,  slightl}"  aromatic,  sub- 
acid."— Elliott.  "  Yery  delicious,  high  flavored,  very  ten- 
der, sj)rightl3",  and  fine." — Barry. 

9.  "Sweet,  apj)roved  where  known." — Trans.  OJiio  Pom. 
Society.  "  Flesh  white,  fine-grained,  sweet,  juicy." — El- 
liott.    "  Tender,  sweet,  and  excellent." — Barry. 

10.  "  Highly  recommended  by  many." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  "  Flesh,  yellowish,  not  fine-grained,  crisp, 
juicy,  very  good." — Elliott.  "  Tender,'  juicy,  and  agree- 
able."— Barry. 

11.  "  Good  keeping  qualities,  flesh  yellowish,  firm, 
juicy." — Elliott.  "  Sub-acid  and  agreeable.  Largely  cul- 
tivated in  some  parts  of  the  South,  where  it  is  esteemed 
for  its  productiveness  and  good  keeping  qualities." — Barry. 
[The  Ohio  Pomological  Society  makes  Gilpin  and  Eoman- 
ite  synonymes.  Elliott's  synonymes  are  Carthouse  and 
Eomanite  of  the  West.  Barry's,  Gilpin,  and  Eed  Ko- 
manite.]  The  Ohio  Pomological  Society  calls  the  Gilpin 
"  small,  good  keeper,  second-rate." 

12.  "A  pleasant  Winter  apple." — Bateham.  "Flesh, 
white,  tender,  juicy,  very  good." — Elliott.  "Sub-acid, 
juicy,  and  high-flavored.  Kesembles  Eambo,  and,  like  it, 
succeeds  well'.  West  and  South." — Barry. 

13.  "  Proved  valuable  wherever  grown ;  very  fine  in 
Southern  Ohio.  Flesh,  whitish,  firm  at  first,  becoming 
tender  when  well  matured,  sub-acid,  aromatic." — Elliott. 
"  Beautiful  and  excellent  apple ;  fine  flavor,  good  bearer." 
— Barry. 

14.  "Fine  and  early." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  '^Pro- 
ductive and  successful  in  all  localities.  Flesh,  3-ellowish 
white,  tinged    with   red,  sub-acid,  sprightly,   tender." — 


110  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Elliott.     "  Tender,  almost   melting,  with   a   mild   flavor ; 
good  bearer." — Barry. 

15.  "Handsome,  high-flavored,  acid." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  "  Good  quality ;  extensively  cultivated  in  some 
parts  of  Ohio,  where  it  succeeds  well." — Barry. 

16.  "  Large,  handsome,  second-rate." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  "Tree,  thrifty,  hardy;  early,  prolific  bearer. 
Fruit,  rather  below  second-rate  quality.  Flesh,  yellow- 
ish white,  juicy,  sub-acid." — Elliott.  "  Large,  handsome, 
and  showy." — Barry. 

17.  Eecommended  by  Young  and  Byram.  Local,  and 
a  fine  Kentucky  fruit.  Believed  by  Col.  Anderson,  of 
Meade  county,  to  be  identical  with  the  "  Horse  Apple." 
Called  by  some  old  citizens,  the  "Runnels,"  and  "Fort 
Bunnels  Apple."  Trees,  vigorous,  and  great  bearers. 
Fruit,  quite  large,  ripening  the  latter  part  of  July  ;  yel- 
lowish green  color  ;  flesh,  white,  mild,  somewhat  sprightly, 
very  juicy,  and  palatable.  Grows  very  large  on  the  grav- 
ely loam  undulations  of  the  Peewee  Yalley.  Good  for 
either  dessert  or  cooking.  Much  liked  by  stock.  Lasts 
till  September.  Preferred,  by  the  writer,  to  the  Early 
Harvest,  as  more  juicy  and  sprightly. 

18.  "Large,  handsome,  and  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom. 
Society.  "  Universally  succeeds  well.  Flesh,  yellowish 
white,  tender,  sub-acid,  aromatic." — Elliott.  "  Tender, 
rich,  and  delicious  ;  a  fine  bearer.  Fruit,  esteemed  every- 
wh  ere . ' ' — Barry. 

19.  A  great  favorite  in  Bourbon  count}-,  Kentucky, 
and  highly  approved  by  Mr.  Bedford.  Elliott  says : 
"Without  being  a  fruit  of  high  character,  it  is  just  so 
good,  that,  taken  with  its  production  of  regular,  handsome 
fruit,  it  can  not  be  dispensed  with.  Flesh,  remarkably 
white,  tender,  juicy,  with  a  slight  perfume."  "  Tender, 
and  delicious." — Barry. 


APPLES.  Ill 

20.  "  New,  and  productive.  Flesh,  yellowish  white, 
fine-grained,  tender,  mild,  and  sub-acid." — Elliott.  "  Said 
to  be  rich,  and  high-flavored;  a  good  "keeper." — Barry. 

21.  "A  good  fruit." — Trans.  Ky.  Hort.  Society.  "Hand- 
some, and  good." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "Indispens- 
able to  every  collection ;  succeeds  finely  in  all  soils ; 
annually  productive ;  fruit,  always  fair,  fit  for  cooking  in 
August.  Flesh,  yellowish,  crisp,  tender,  sub-acid,  with  a 
peculiar  aromatic  taste." — Elliott.  "  Tree,  very  productive, 
and  fruit,  of  first  quality." — Barry. 

22.  "  Well  known,  and  everywhere  api^roved." — Trans. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "  Universally  esteemed ;  requires  a 
soil  well  supplied  with  lime  and  potash.  Flesh,  white, 
tender,  juicy,  crisp,  sub-acid." — Elliott.  "  Eich,  sub-acid. 
Tree,  a  good  bearer." — Barry. 

23.  "First-rate  for  table." — Trans.  Ohio  Pom.  Society. 
"  Succeeds  in  all  localities.  Abundant  bearer  in  all  soils. 
"Warm,  sandy  soils  give  more  character  to  the  flesh,  and  a 
closer  texture.  Flesh,  white,  fine-grained,  tender,  juicy, 
sweet." — Elliott.  "A  good  bearer;  succeeds  well  in  all 
parts  of  the  country  ;  much  esteemed  everywhere  for  des- 
sert and  cooking." — Barry. 

24.  "  One  of  the  handsomest  and  best  apples. "-r-^/'or«5. 
Ohio  Pom.  Society.  "  Yery  productive,  but  needs  rich, 
strong  soil.  Flesh,  yellowish  white,  tender,  juicy,  slightly 
acid  until  fully  matured,  then  sub-acid,  and  sprightly." — 
Elliott.  "  Yery  productive.  Flesh,  tender,  juicy,  and  rich, 
with  much  of  the  Spitzenburg  character." — Barry. 

25.  "A  popular  Summer  cooking  apple." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Society.  "  Yery  productive  ;  valuable  for  cooking ; 
one  of  the  best  for  Western  soils.  Flesh,  greenish  white, 
tender,  acid." — Elliott.  "  Bears  abundantly  quite  young ; 
acid  ;  excellent  for  cooking  from  July  to  October." — Barry. 

26.  "Early,  good,  generally  approved." — Trans.  Ohio 
Pom.  Societi/.   "  Tree,  a  moderate,  annual  bearer,  succeeding 


112  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

in  all  good  soils  not  wet.  Yalued  as  a  dessert  fruit. 
Flesh,  white,  tender,  crisp,  sjn-ightly,  sweet." — Elliott. 
"  Abundant  bearer,  sweet,  rich  flavored." — Barry. 

For  the  descriptions  of  the  remainder,  we  refer  the 
reader  to  the  several  names  in  their  proper  places  in 
this  work. 


FRUITS  OF  OHIO. 
Statement  of  E.  Buchanan,  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  J.  A.  War- 
der, of  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  as  reported  to  the 
American  Pomological  Society  at  their  annual  meeting  held  at 
the  City  of  Boston  in  September,  185-i. 
"  The  climate  and  soil  of  our  State  are  so  varied,  and 
the  fruit  in  culture  so  numerous,  that  a  report  to  embrace 
catalogues  to  suit  each  localit}^  would  be  too  voluminous. 
From  Cleveland,  on  Lake  Erie,  in  the  Northeast,  to  Cin- 
cinnati, on  the  Ohio,  in  the  Southwest,  a  distance  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  miles,  there  is  a  difference  of  near  three 
degrees  in  latitude,  and  a  great  diversity  of  soil.     It  is. 
therefore,  difficult  to  fix  a  uniform  standard  of  excellence 
in  fruits  for  the  whole  State. 

"Loam  and  clay,  intermixed  with  lime  and  sand,  are 
the  principal  components  of  our  soil,  often  underlaid  by 
a  substratum  of  gravel,  and  the  greater  portion  of  our 
State  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  most  of  the  fruits 
grown  in  the  ]\Iiddle  States. 

"  The  i^resent  report  will  be  confined  to  the  Southwest- 
ern and  Central  parts  of  our  State.  The  Northeastern 
section  having  been  embraced  in  previous  reports. 

APPLES. 

"  The  average  bearing  of  apple  trees,  with  us,  is  four 
out  of  five  years.  Many  varieties  which  are  highly 
esteemed  further  North  do  not  suit  the  climate  and  warm 
limestone  soils  of  Southern   Ohio.     The  'Ehpde  Island 


APPLES.  113 

Greening,'  for  instance,  ripens  and  casts  its  fruit  so  early 
here  as  to  become  a  Fall  apple,  and  but  few  are  gathered 
from  the  trees  for  Winter.  The  '  Alexander,'  with  us,  is 
an  early  Fall  apple,  and  the  far-famed  '  Esopus  Spitzen- 
burg'  is  here  a  shy  bearer,  and  an  unj^rofitable  variety  to 
cultivate.  Even  the  '  Baldwin'  and  the  'Eoxbury  Eusset' 
mature  too  early,  and  do  not  keep  so  well  as  Avhen  culti- 
vated further  I^orth  and  in  cooler  soils.  The  'Belmont,' 
a  favorite  apple  in  Northern  and  Eastern  Ohio,  with  us  is 
subject  to  crack  open,  and  rot  upon  the  tree  in  some  sea- 
sons. 

"  With  ordinary  care  and  culture,  the  apple  thrives  well 
in  all  parts  of  our  State,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the 
grape,  is  the  most  certain  bearer  of  any  of  our  fruits. 
The  following  list  comprises  the  most  favorite  varieties 
cultivated  in  this  section. 

"  Summer  Varieties. — Benoni,  Bohanon,  Drap  d'Or, 
Carolina  Sweet,  Early  Bough,  Early  Harvest,  Gravenstein, 
Maiden's  Blush,  Eed  Astrachan,  Strawberry,  Summer 
Eose,  Summer  Pearmain,  Summer  Queen. 

'^  Fall  Yarieties. — Alexander,  Belmont,  Cooper,  Fal- 
lawalder,  Fall  Pippin,  Golden  Eusset,  Jersey  Sweeting, 
Monmouth  Pippin,  Porter,  Eambo,  Ehode  Island  Green- 
ing, AYine. 

"  Winter  Varieties. — Baldwin,  Black  Apple,  Cannon 
Pearmain,  Danver's  Winter  Sweet,  German  Pippin,  Jona- 
than, Lady  Apple,  London  Sweet,  Michael  Henry  Pippin, 
Newtown  Spitzenburg,  Eoman  Stem,  Ortley,  Pryor's  Eed, 
Eambo,  Eome  Beauty,  Swaar,  White  Winter  Pearmain, 
Wine  Sap,  Yellow  Bellflower,  Yellow  Newtown  Pi2)pin, 
AVhite  Pippin,  Black  Gilliflower. 

"  The  'JSTorthern  Sp}^'  and  a  few  other  celebrated  varie- 
ties give  fair  promise  of  doing  well  here." 

This  apple  needs  a  rich  soil,  high  culture  and  constant 
growth,  to  produce  fair  fruit,  as  the  tree  grows  old. 
10 


114  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Ernst,  one  of  our  most  zealous  and  experi- 
enced j^omolog'ists,  recommends,  for  a  limited  selection,  14 
kinds  of  apples  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati  and  Southern 
Ohio,  viz : 

Early  Eed  Margaret,  Sweet  Bougli,  Prince's  Early  Har- 
vest, Summer  Eose,  Fall  Pippin,  ]^i^ewtown  Spitzenburg 
(or  Ox  Eye),  Yellow  Bellflower,  Woolman's  Long,  White 
Bellflower  (or  Detroit  of  the  Vrest),  Golden  Easset, 
Broadwell  Sweet,  Winesap,  Yellow  Newtown  Pippin. 

Kirtland  and  Elliott  recommend  the  following  varieties  : 

Summer. — For  the  garden.  Summer  Eose,  Early  Har- 
vest, Eed  Astrachan,  American  Summer  Pearmain,  Early 
Joe,  Lowell.  For  market.  White  Juneating,  Eed  Astra- 
chan, Early  Harvest,  Williams,  Eed  Quarrenden,  Lovvell. 

Fall. — For  the  garden,  Gi'avenstein,  Fall  Pippin,  Fall 
Strawberry,  Pomme  Eoyale,  Porter,  Jersey  Sweeting,  Fa- 
meuse,  Fall  Harvey,  Maiden's  Blush,  Eambo,  Fall  Seek- 
no-fiu'ther,  Fall  Wine.  For  market,  we  prefer  these  to 
showy  inferior  fruits. 

Winter. — For  the  garden,  Belmont,  Swaar,  Old  Non- 
such, Hubbardston  Nonsuch,  Jonathan,  Peck's  Pleasant, 
Ehode  Island  Greening,  Putnam's  Eusset  (Eoxbury  Eus- 
set,  Ed.),  Westlield  Seek-no-further,  Wine,  Danver's  Win- 
ter Sweeting,  Wood's  Greening,  Tewksbury  Winter  Blush, 
Lady  Apj^le,  Fort  Miami.  For  the  market,  substitute  the 
Baldwin  for  Danver's  Winter  Sweet,  and  the  Hollow 
Crown  Pearmain  for  Wood's  Greening. 

Selection  of  apples  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati  hy  a  distin- 
guished cultivator. 

Eed  Juneating,  Prince's  Harvest,  Summer  Eose,  Fall 
Pippin,  Eambo,  Newark  Pippin,  American  Golden  Eusset, 
Newtown  Spitzenburg,  White  Bellflower  (or  Detroit), 
Swaar,  Pry  or  "s  Eed,  Eaule's  Janet,  Newtown  Pippin.  Or 
these:  White  June.  Benoni,   Strawberry,  Golden   Sweet, 


APPLES.  115 

Fall  Pippin,  Eambo,  Westfield  Seek-no-furtlier,  Newtown 
Spitzenburg,  Yellow  Bellflower,  Waxen  (or  Gate),  White 
Pippin,  Roxbury  Russet.  Some  might  wish  to  add  the 
long  keeper,  but  indifferently  flavored,  Gilj^in  or  Romanite. 

List  of  fruit  for  general  purposes^  recommended  h?/ the  Cincinnati 

Horticultural  Society. 

For  July  and  August,  2  Summer  Rose  ;  July  and  August, 
2  Strawberry ;  September  and  October,  2  Fall  Pippin ; 
October  and  November,  4  Rambo  ;  November  and  Decem- 
ber, 5  Golden  Russet;  November  and  December,  5  Yellow 
Bellflower;  November  and  December,  20  White  Bell- 
flower  ;  January  and  February,  15  Prj'or's  Red  ;  February 
and  April,  25  Raule's  Janet;  March,  20  Newtown  Pippin. 
100  trees. 

APPLES   FOR  INDIANA.— By  a  Cultivator. 

Summer. — Red  or  Carolina  June,  Summer  Queen,  Y"el- 
low  Hoss,  Sweet  Bough,  Prince's  Harvest,  Kirkbridge 
AVhite,  Sweet  June,  Daniel. 

Autumn. — Maiden's  Blush,  AYine,  Holland  Pippin, 
Rambo,  Fall  Harvey,  Gravenstein,  Ashmore,  Porter. 

Winter. — Black,  Golden  Russet,  Newtown  Spitzenburg, 
Rhode  Island  Greening,  Hubbardston  Nonsuch,  Vande- 
vere  Pippin,  Yellow  Bellflowan*,  White  Bellflower,  Michael 
Henry  Pippin,  Pryor's  Red,  Green  Newtown  Pippin, 
Genneting  or  Raule's  Janet,  Putnam  Russet. 

APPLES    OF    AYAYNE   COUNTY^,  INDIANA.— By  a 

Cultivator. 

Summer. — Y'ellow  June,  Sweet  Bough,  Sour  June,  Early 
Red,  and  Summer  Queen. 

AuTUMN.-^Wine  Apple,  Fall  Pippin,  Rambo,  and  Maid- 
en's Blush. 

Winter. — Yandevere   Pippin,   Golden   Russet,    Yellow 


116  WESTERN    FBUITBOOK. 

Bellflower,  Cumberland  Spice,  Smith's  Cider,  Winesap, 
Eaule's  Janet,  Ehode  Island  Greening,  Eed  Pearmain, 
Eomanite,  and  the  Butter  Apple. 

IlS'DIAlSrA  APPLES. — Eecommended  by  Henry  Ward 
Beecher,  Indianapolis. 
The  most  popular  Winter  apples  in  Indiana,  are  Yel- 
low Bellflower,  White  Bellflower  (Detroit,  of  the  West), 
Newtown  Spitzeiiburg,  Campfield,  Eaule's  Janet  (or  ISTev- 
erfail),  Green  JS'ewtown  Pippin,  Michael  Henry  Pippin, 
Pryor's  Eed,  Golden  Eusset,  Milam,  Eambo,  and  Yande- 
vere  Pippin,  only  a  second  or  third  rate  table  apple,  but 
having  other  qualities  that  make  it  valuable  to  the  Farmer. 
It  seldom  fliils  of  a  cro2).  It  usually  liifs  when  others  miss, 

OHIO  APPLES. — Eecommended  by  S.  A.  Barker, 
McConnelsville. 

Sum3ier. — Bracken,  Early  Chandler,  Summer  Sweet  (or 
High  Topped  Sweet),  Pound  Eoyal,  of  Marietta  (Dyer), 
and  Eed  Streak. 

Autumn. — Eambo,  Holland  Pippin,  Winter  Eussets, 
Yellow  Bellflower,  Spitzenburgs  (of  Marietta),  Yandeveres 
(Eed,  Green,  and  Yellow),  Eed,  or  Long  Pearmain,  Eed 
AYinter  Pennock,  Black  Gilliflower,  Newtown  Pippin, 
Westfield  Seek -no-further,  Ehode  Island  Greening,  Eo- 
manite, Eome  Beauty,  Cooper,  Orange  (or  Golden  Sweet, 
of  Columbus),  Stone's  Sweet,  Sigler's  Eed. 

APPLES   OF  THE   SHAKEES.— Mercer  Co.,  Ky. 

Summer. — Striped  June,  Early  Harvest,  Carolina  June, 
Summer  Eose,  Eoyal  Pearmain,  American  Summer  Pear- 
main, and  Gravenstein. 

Autumn. — Eambo,  Queen,  Fall  Pippin,  Golden  Eusset, 
Newtown  Spitzenburg,  and  Bellflower. 

Winter. — Eaule's  Janet,  Pryor's  Eed,  and  Limber  Twig. 


APPLES.  117 

APPLES  OF  JEFFEESOK  C0U:N'TY,  YIEGINIA. 

Summer. — Yellow  June,  Yestal,  Grab,  Golden  Sweet, 
Doctor  Eed,  and  Summer  Pearmain. 

Autumn.  —  Gravenstein,  Eambo,  Blenheim  Orange, 
Bellflower,  Fall  Pippin,  Cat  Head,  and  Pound. 

Winter. — Xewtown  Pippin,  Green  Pippin,  Lady  Fin- 
ger, Sheepnose,  or  American  Golden  Eusset,  Eusset,  Black 
Coal,  Prior's  Eed.  Limber  Twig,  Pennock,  Abraham,  Jen- 
neting, Yandevere,  and  Smoke  House. 

ILLI^^OIS  APPLES. 

Summer. — Early  Harvest,  Sine  Qua  Non,  Sweet  Bough, 
Caroline,  Eed  Jane,  Sugar  Loaf  Pippin,  Eed  Astrachan, 
Golden  Sweet,  American  Summer  Pearmain. 

AuTUJiN. — Eambo,  Holland  Pippin,  Eed  Tngestrie. 

Winter. — Limber  Twig,  Milam,  Eaule's  Janet,  Eoman 
Stem,  Eomanite,  Winesap,  Yellow  Bellflower,  Ortley,  or 
White  Bellflower,  Baldwin. 

YIEGflNIA  APPLES. 

Abraham,  Beverley's  Eed,  Waugh's  Crab,  Eaule's  Janet, 
Limber  Twig,  Milam,  Leather  Coat,  Brooke's  Pippin, 
Ogleby,  Prior's  Eed,  Skawn's  Seedling,  Belpre,  Winter 
Cheese,  Wellford,  Yandevere,  Hall's  Eed,  Bonum,  Wine- 
sap. 

Sweet  apples  strongly  recommended  for  stock,  are  : 
Lady's  Sweeting,  Sweet  June,  Sweet  Bough,  Golden 
Sweet,- Jersey  Sweet,  Bailey  Sweet,  Broadwell,  Eamsdell, 
Danver's  Winter,  Talman's  Sweety  Michael  Henry,  Camp- 
field.  For  cider,  the  Harrison  Campfield,  Graniwinkle, 
Gilpin,  and  Hewe's  Yirginia  Crab. 


118  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 


Abbott.  Color,  dark  green,  with  reddish  brown  cheek ; 
form,  oblong  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  sugary 
and  butter}' ;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — From  Eh  ode  Island. 

Adele  pe  St.  J)enis.  Color,  yellow,  with  some  russet; 
form,  obovate,  irregular ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  3;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Terv  little  known  here  yet.     Foreiocn, 

Alpha.  Color,  pale  yellowish  green,  with  some  reddish 
spots,  then  pale  yellow  blush  ;  form,  obovate,  and  a  little 
oblong ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 
to  3;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — A  seedling,  from  Belgium,  of  Yan  Mons.  It 
is  a  moderately  pleasant  and  passable  fruit. 

Amire  Joannct.  Color,  green  and  yellow ;  form,  pyri- 
form ;  size,  3;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery;  quality,  2  to 
3;  season,  June  and  July. 

Eemarks. — Sj^nonymous  with  Early  Sugar  and  St. 
John.  Exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society,  by  Mr.  McWilliams,  Nurseryman  and  Pomol- 
oscist. 


o 


Althorpe  Crassane.  Color,  pale  green  ;  form,  round- 
ish obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality', 
2;  season,  October  and  November. 

Eemarks. — The   quality   of    this   pear   is   not   alway? 


PEARS.  119 

equal.     But  generally  it  may  be  pronounced  "  very  good." 
It  is  of  foreign  origin. 

Ambrette.  Sometimes  called  T'dion.  Color,  green ; 
form,  oblong  ;  size,  2  to  3  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  but- 
tery ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Eemarks. — Eesembles,  a  little,  Echasserie.  It  is  a 
good  pear. 

Ambrosia.  Ecliasserie  hy  some.  Color,  green ;  form, 
roundish  ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality, 
2  J  season,  January. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Hardly  worthy  of  cultivation. 

Amande  Double^  or  Amanda  s  Douhle.  Color,  yellow  and 
red;  form,  pyriform  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  coarse ; 
season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Unworthy. 

Ananas.  Color,  clear  yellow,  with  small  dots  ;  form, 
obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy  ;  qual- 
ity, 2 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  white,  fine  grained,  firmer  than  the 
Eartlett,  but  of  rich,  sweet,  and  excellent  flavor.  Des- 
cribed in  Downing's  JTorticulfurhf^  "Fine  flavor." 

Ananas  d'Ete.  Color,  dull  yellowish  green ;  form, 
oval ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  sweet,  juicy,  2:)leasant ; 
quality  2 ;  season,  xVugust. 

Eemarks. — "  Very  good." — ,/.  B.  Eaton,  Buffalo. 

AIS'DEEWS.  Color,  yellowish  and  green,  with  a  red 
cheek  ;  form,  roundish  oval,  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table; 
texture,  buttery  ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — An  early  bearer  :  American  origin.     Good 


120  WESTERN    FRTTIT    BOOK, 

for  market.  Early  bearer,  and  productive.  Exhibited 
by  Wm.  Heaver,  Nurseryman  and  Pomologist,  at  the  Cin- 
cinnati Horticultural  Society's  Eooms  in  1855.  Eots  at 
the  core.     Bears  freely. 

Angleterre.  Color,  green  to  3'ellow  ;  form,  pyriform; 
size,  1  ;  use,  kitchen  ;  texture,  buttery :  quality,  1 ;  sea- 
son, September. 

Remarks. — Productive,  though  rather  apt  to  rot  soon. 
Beurre  d'  Angleterre,  of  Wm.  Heaver;  large,  productive, 
baking. 

Angora. 

Remarks. — "Believed  to  be  the  Pound,  or  IJvedale's  St. 
Germain.    Hardy,  productive,  large,  but  good  only  to  sell. 

Aston  Toicn.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  roundish ; 
size,  3;  use,  table  ;  quality,  3;  season,  Sej^tember. 

Remarks. — From  England.  Generally  considered  un- 
worthy. 

AuRATE.  Color,  pale  yellowish  green;  form,  regular; 
size,  3;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery;  quality,  2;  season, 
July. 

Remarks. — A  pretty  good  fruit. 

Autumn   Colmar. 
Remarks. — Unworthy. 

Autumn  Bergamot.  Color,  browni.sh  green,  yellow  when 
ripe;  form,  flat  at  blossom  end,  stem  short;  size,  2;  use, 
table  ;  texture,  juicy  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Tree,  not  vigorous,  but  prolific.   Unworthy. 

Autumn    Paradise.      Color,  dull   vellow;   form,    obo- 


MidcU4toJLi  MOlace  <e  C^&i..  O. 


BAHTLETT  PEAPv. 

KatuTcLl  Size 


PEARS.  121 

vate,  acute  pyriform;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  "buttery, 
melting,  ji^icy ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — Of  foreign  origin.  Similar,  in  most  respects, 
to  Beurre  Bosc. 

Autumn  Superb. 

Eemarks. — Large,  obtuse,  pyriform.  Good  for  kitchen 
use.     A  great  bearer. 

Barker.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  obovate]  size, 
2 ;  use,  table  and  baking ;  texture,  coarse ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  September  and  October. 

BAEON  DE  MELLO.  Color,  yellow  and  russet;  form, 
obovate,  acute  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — "  Good  and  new. ^'-—HoriicuUural  Exhibitions 
1855.     "  Very  good." — Marshall  P.  Wilder,  i7i  Horticulturist. 

BAETLETT,  or  Williams'  Bon  Cliretien,  with  a  great  num- 
ber of  synonymes  (showing  its  great  value  everywhere). 
Color,  yellow;  form,  obovate,  obtuse  pyriform;  size,  X] 
use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  melting,  sugary,  juicy,  with 
a  peculiar  flavor ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  to  October. 

Eemarks. — English.  Originated  in  1770.  Tree  vigor- 
ous, and  very  early  productive.  "  Well  suited  to  the 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary.  Excellent,  early, 
productive,  either  on  pear  or  quince.  The  former  stock 
sufficiently  good.  Thus  far,  taken  altogether,  the  best 
pear  of  its  season  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati.  It  is 
even  now  too  little  grown,  but  continually  gaining  tlie 
great  favor  and  estimation  it  so  justly  and  fully  merits. 
It  can  be  grafted,  and  do  well  even  on  the  apple.  The 
Bartlett  is  a  pear  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  cultivate  on 
the  quince.  On  its  own  stock  it  does  not  grow  large  to 
11 


122  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

take  up  much  room,  and  from  its  very  productive  charac- 
ter naturally,  it  bears  too  full  on  the  quince.  It  is  one 
of  those  rare  pears  that  succeeds  equally  well  North  and 
South.  It  takes  the  widest  range  of"  climate  possible  for 
the  pear  kind.  This  is  the  pear  for  this  vicinity.  It  need 
not  be  grafted  on  the  quinces,  for  it  bears  young  enough  on 
its  own  roots.  It  is  a  thrifty  grower,  produces  the  second 
year  from  the  graft,  when  put  on  large  trees.  We  have 
had  it  to  bear  the  first  year.  It  outsells  any  thing  else. 
Three  dollars  per  bushel  is  the  usual  price — often  more. 

Beadnell.  Color,  pale  yellow  and  green ;  form,  turbi- 
nate; size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  and  very  juicy; 
season,  September. 

Kemarks. — Foreign. 

Belle  Excellent. — Color,  yellow,  with  a  red  blush ; 
form,  oblong  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melt- 
ing, buttery;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September, 

Belle  de  Brusselles,  or  Beauty  of  Brussels.  Color,  deep 
yellow ;  form,  variable,  obovate  pyriform ;  size  1 ;  use, 
table ;  texture,  sugary  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  by  W.  S.  Hatch,  August,  1855. 
Fruit  Committee  considered  it  a  first-rate  market  fruit, 
and  of  pretty  good  flavor.  This  is  presented  as  Belle  of 
Flanders  (erroneously)  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  London 
Horticultural  Society. 

Belle  Canaise.  Color,  light  yellow ;  form,  obovate  ;  size, 
3;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  coarse;  season,  October  to 
January. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Unworthy. 

BELLE    OF    FLANDEKS,  or   Flemish  Beauty,    Bosch, 


PEARS. 


123 


Bouche  Nouvelle,  Bosc  Sire,  etc.,  etc.     Color,  pale  yellow, 
mostly  covered  with  marblings  and  patches  of  light  rus- 
set, and  reddish  brown  in  the  sun ;  form,  oblong,  obtuse 
obovate  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  not  very  fine  grained 
juicy,  melting,  sugary  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  Aug.  and  Sept! 
Eemarks.— Very  much  admired,  and  the  flavor  greatly 
approved  of     Considered   to  rank  among  the  very  best 
"Merits   the  first  place  with   the   Bartlett,  Seckel,  etc.j 
among  the  most  delicious  pears  tested  in  this  neighbor- 
hood."    "  One  of  the  best."— i)r.  Warder.     Very  fine  spe- 
cimens exhibited  by  the  author,  August  25,  1855.     It  is 
deserving  of  the  most  general  cultivation.     It  succeeds 
well  on  the  quince.     The  rich  soils  of  the  West  suit  it 
Tree  vigorous,  with  the  branches  upright,  and  shoots  dark 
brown.      Has   been    sometimes    mistaken   for    Knight's 
Monarch.     This  comes  next  to  the  Bartlett,  but  does'"  not 
bear  so  young.     Delicious.     Earely  handsome. 

BELLE  LUCEATIYE.  See  Fondante  d'Automne.  A 
most  delicious  fruit.     A  universal  favorite. 

Belmont. 

Eemarks.— Large.  Good  for  cooking.  A  good  bearer 
and  profitable.  , ' 

Belle  Julie.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form,  long 
ovate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  sea- 
son, September  and  October. 

Eemarks.—"  Very  good. "_Zroi;.^'.s  Magazine. 

Belle  de  Noel,  or  Belle  Aprcs  Noel  Color,  bright  yel- 
low ;  form,  obovate,  obtuse  pyriform  ;  use,  table;  texture, 
juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  December. 

Eemarks.- Yery  rich,  and  highly  flavored.  A  great 
keeper.     ''  Good  keeper."— i>r.  Warder. 


124  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Bellissime  d'Ete,  or  the  Beauty  of  Summer,  or  French 
Jargonelle,  Red  Muscadel,  English  Red  Cheeh,  etc.,  etc.  Color, 
yellow,  with  red  cheek  ;  form,  roundish  obovate  ;  size,  3 ; 
use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary  ;  season,  Jul}',  and  some- 
times August. 

Bemarks.— The  fruit  is  small  and  singularly  beautiful ; 
the  skin  is  smooth,  of  a  bright  yellow,  the  cheek  toward 
the  sun  of  a  brilliant  red,  with  small  dots ;  the  form  is 
regular,  diminishing  toward  the  stem,  which  is  long.  If 
picked  before  it  is  ripe,  it  is  a  pretty  good  early  pear;  it 
sometimes  grows  in  clusters ;  produces  abundantly,  and 
commonly  ripens  about  the  middle  of  July 

Belle  de  Thouars.  Color,  brownish  russet ;  form, 
pyriform,  angular ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  tart, 
juicy;  quality,  1  to  2 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin. 

Belle  et  Bonne,  or  Beantifid  and  Good,,  or  Gracieuse. 
Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  roundish;  size,  2;  use, 
table;  texture,  juicy  and  melting;  quality,  2;  season, 
August. 

Remarks. — Pretty  good. 

Bensell's  Winter.  Color,  yellow;  form,  round;  size, 
1;  use,  baking;  texture,  juicy,  astringent;  quality,  2; 
season.  Winter. 

Remarks. — Originated  near  Philadelphia ;  a  tine  keeper 
and  a  great  bearer.  Somewhat  harsh  and  astringent, 
though  not  of  a  bad  quality  for  cooking. 

Benoist  Nouveau.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  round 
obovate;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary ;  qual- 
ity, 2 ;  season.  Winter. 

Remarks. — Also  rather  astringent. 


PEARS.  125 

Bergamotte  d'Esperen. 

Eemarks. — A  great  keeper.  Like  the  Autumn  Berga- 
motte, grows  well  on  quince.  Melting  and  juicy.  Not 
quite  so  rich  as  some  of  the  Autumn  Pears. 

Bequesne.     Color,  yellow,  with  dark  spots ;  form,  long ; 
size,  1;  use,  baking;  texture,  astringent;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — Only  good  for  cooking. 

Bergamotte  Sylvanche.  Color,  green ,  size,  2 ;  use, 
table ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Beurre  de  Capiaumont.  Color,  clear  yellow;  form, 
long  turbinate ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp ; 
quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  August  and  September ;  situation 
or  aspect,  South. 

Eemarks. — A  great  bearer.  Exhibited  by  the  author 
at  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  Hall,  August  25, 
1855.  Committee  considered  it  "  a  pretty  good  pear,  but 
subject,  when  the  trees  bear  fall,  to  be  a  little  too  crisp 
and  astringent."  These  specimens,  more  astringent  than 
it  usually  is,  and,  therefore,  not  so  good  as  the  pear  some- 
times is.  An  annual  bearer.  A  good  little  pear;  when 
ripened  in  the  house,  it  loses  its  astringency.  Too  small 
for  market. 

Beurre  de  Beaumont.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
round  obovate  ;  size,  2. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Good. 

Beurre  Preble.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  oblate 
obovate  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Not  very  good. 


126  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Beurre  Molletts  GriTERNSET.  Colop,  yellowish  green  ; 
form,  ovate  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melt- 
ing ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  JSTovember  to  December. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     A  fine  kind. 

Beurre  Benoist,  Color,  yellow,  mottled  ;  form,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  but- 
tery, sweet  and  rich  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — A  new  and  exceedingly  fine  pear ;  always 
fine.  Flesh,  white,  tender,  buttery,  abounding  in  rich, 
sweet,  -sprightly  juice. 

Beurre  d'Anjou.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with*a  dull  blush; 
form,  oblong,  obovate  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, juicy,  melting ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  and 
November. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Good  on  pear  and  quince.  An 
old  pear,  on  Loudon's  List.  "Fine,  good,  rather  acid." — 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855.  Of  nearly  the 
highest  excellence.     A  great  many  good  qualities  about  it. 

Beurre  d'Aremberg.  Has  many  synonymes.  Form, 
obovate,  obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
juicy,  melting,  vinous  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  December  to 
February. 

Eemarks, — Foreign.  Sometimes  confounded  with  Glout 
Morceau,  and  Soldat  Laboreur.  Fruit  hangs  w^ell.  Vig- 
orous and  hardy  trees.  A  warm,  rich  soil  suits  it.  Wood, 
strong,  long  jointed.  Eather  difficult  to  ripen  :  a  com- 
mon fault  with  Winter  fruit.  A  warm  temperature  has 
been  found  injurious  for  this  purj)ose.  A  cool  place, 
about  40°  or  50°,  and  taking  a  long  time  gradually  to 
ripen,  appears,  by  late  experiments,  to  be  the  most 
successful  method  for  this  purpose.  The  Buerre  d' 
Aremberg  can  not  be  called  a  good  Winter  pear  with  us, 


PEARS.  127 

West.     It  has  the  fault  of  being  too  long  in  coming  into 
bearing. 

Beurre  Easter.    See  Easter  Eeiirre. 

Beurre  Ehine.  Color,  light  yellow,  rough  spots  ;  form, 
pyriform,  irregular ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  rather 
coarse;  quality,  2;  season,  October  and  November. 

Remarks. — Succeeds  very  well  on  the  quince.  Often 
very  good  in  the  East.  "  Poor,"  by  the  Fruit  Committee 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855. 

Beurre  Brown,  or  Brown  Beurre.  Color,  yellowish 
green  on  brownish  ground ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
buttery,  melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — An  old  variety.  Requires  a  warm,  rich 
soil.  A  peculiar  vinous  taste.  Much  finer  in  England 
than  in  the  West.     There  it  is  one  of  their  choicest  fruits. 

BEURRE  BOSC.  Color,  dark  yellow,  with  russet  dots ; 
form,  obovate,  acute,  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, juicy,  melting,  sweet;  quality,  1;  season,  September 
and  October. 

Remarks. — Fruit,  always  fine.  Foreign,  by  Yan  Mons. 
Fruit  varies  somewhat  in  size.  Tree,  vigorous ;  long, 
brownish  olive  shoots.  Very  fine,  though  a  wild  grower. 
Exhibited  by  T.  M.  Millikin,  of  Hamilton  county,  at  the 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855.  AYill  not  do 
on  the  quince  stock ;  perhaps  the  only  one  that  will  not 
do  at  all.  Yaries  in  difii'erent  seasons.  Yery  acid  and 
ro-ugh,  sometimes.    We  do  not  think  it  suits  our  climate. 

BEURRE  SUPERFIN.  Color,  dull  pale  green  ;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Septem- 
ber and  October. 


128  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Excellent  in  Boston  ;  received  prize.  Flesh, 
juicy,  melting,  and  with  slight  aroma.  Described  by  Col. 
Wilder,  in  Horticulturist. 

Beurre  Sprin.  Form,  obovate  obtuse  pyriform;  size, 
1:  use,  table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  melting,  juicy,  rich  with  a  peculiar 
aroma.     Described  by  Col.  Wilder. 

Beurre  Bachelier.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  oblate 
obovate  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  sugary ; 
season,  Winter. 

Eejiarks. — Foreisrn. 


^t=,' 


Beurre  d'Amalis.  Color,  dull  green ;  form,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
August. 

Eemarks. — Eots  at  core  before  it  looks  ripe.  Fine  in 
flavor,  hoAvever,  when  sound.  Exhibited  by  A.  H.  Ernst, 
August,  1855.  Committee  considered  these  specimens 
"  very  fine  ;  a  first-rate  fruit."  l!s"ot  much  cultivated,  yet,  in 
this  vicinity.  If  it  generally  rots,  which  is  likely,  it  will 
be  better  to  regraft  old  trees,  and  cease  cultivating  it. 
Committee  must  have  been  in  error  about  this  fruit;  not 
a  first-rate  fruit.  Good  on  alternate  years,  when  it  bears 
heavy  crops.  It  is  too  small  for  market,  because  it  comes 
in  with  the  great  Bartlett.  Specimens  of  the  same  fruit 
will  often  vary  very  much — so  much  so  as  often  to.  deceive 
the  most  experienced.  It  sometimes  requires  several  tri- 
als of  the  same  fruit  to  be  infallible. 

Beurre  de  Waterloo.  Color,  dull  green,  rough  skin, 
with  russet  traces  and  points ;  form,  obtuse  pyriform  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  sprightly,  sugar}^ ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  September. 


PEARS.  12V 

Eemarks. — Described  by  Col.  Wilder  in  Horticulturht. 
Fine  with  us  (Cincinnati).  Exhibited  in  Mr.  Ernst's  col- 
lection, at  the  Horticultural  Exhibition  of  1855. 

Beurre  Steihman.  Color,  dull  grayish  russet ;  form, 
obovate  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  texture,  rich,  sub-acid ;  season, 
October. 

BuERRE  Brettonneau.  Form,  obovate  oblate  pyri- 
form; size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  sugary,  melting;  sea- 
son, long  keeper. 

Eemarks. — Large  and  handsome.  Flesh,  melting,  high 
flavored  and  excellent.  Described  thus  briefly  by  Col. 
Wilder,  President  of  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society 
for  many  years.  Foreign.  "Does  not  succeed  well  on 
the  quince." — Rivers,  in  Horticulturist. 

BuERRE  DiEL.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  obovate,  obtuse 
pyriform;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  2; 
season,  October  to  IS'ovember. 

Eemarks. — Fine  when  well  ripened.  Thrifty,  fruit 
roughish.  Loses  its  leaves  badly.  Foreign.  Does  well 
on  pear  or  quince,  but  best  on  quince.  Yery  productive. 
Difiicult  to  ripen,  and  leaves  apt  to  fall,  although  an 
Autumn  fruit.  Fine,  large,  very  delicious  when  ripened 
in  the  house,  as  most  pears  should  be.  Very  subject  to 
leaf  blight.  We  kept  them  until  January  one  season, 
when  they  were  pronounced  very  superior  by  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society.  Not  as 
great  a  bearer  as  the  Bartlett. 

Beurre  Clairgeau  op  Nantes.  Color,  yellowish  green ; 
form,  irregular  turbinate ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
buttery ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  and  November. 

Eemarks. — Described  by  Andre  Leroy  in  Horticulturist. 


130  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

A  handsome  pear,  of  first-rate  quality.     Flesh,  melting, 
juicy.     Eesembles  Gray  Doyenne.     Yery  productive. 

Beurre  Charron.     Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  round- 
ish ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  melting;  quality,  1. 
Eemarks. — Foreign. 

Beurre  Kenrick.     Color,  greenish   yellow ;    form,  pyri- 
form ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  not  juicy. 
Eemarks. — Unworthy. 

Beurre  Nantais.  Color,  greenish  j^ellow  with  crim- 
son ;  form,  long  pyriform,  sometimes  obovate ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  very  juicy ;  richly  flavored, 
sweet  and  pleasant ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Should  be  picked  before  ripe.  Summer  and 
early  Fall  pears  should  be  picked  when  fully  grown,  and 
before  the  process  of  ripening  commences.  Much  fine 
fruit  is  spoiled  by  being  picked  too  late.  With  very  few 
exceptions,  no  pear  ought  to  ripen  on  the  tree. 

Beurre  Knox. 
Eemarks. — Unworthy. 

Beurre  Preble.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  russet  and 
green  spots ;  form,  oblong,  obovate  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  and  Oc- 
tober. 

Eemarks. — American  origin.     Worthy. 

Beurre   Golmar. 
Eemarks. — Unworthy. 

BEUEEE  LANGLIEE.  Color,  light  green,  with  pale 
yellow ;    form,    obovate,    pyriform ;    size,  1 ;    use,    table ; 


PEARS.  131 

texture,  juicy ;    quality,  1 ;  season,  December   and   Jan- 
uary. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  yellowish  white,  melting,  and  fine- 
grained. Flavor,  sprightly,  sub-acid,  rich,  excellent,  w^th 
a  light  perfume.  Described  by  Col.  Wilder,  in  Horti- 
culturist.- 

Beuree  de  Beaumont.  Color,  yellowish  green,  brown- 
ish red  in  sun,  wnth  many  dark  green  or  russety  spots  ; 
form,  roundish  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ; 
season,.  September. 

Remarks. — Of  foreign  origin.  Flesh,  white,  buttery, 
juicy,  sweet,  and  i)ronounced  by  good  authority,  "  very 
good." 

BEUREE  GOUBAULT.  Size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  quality, 
1;  texture,  buttery;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Good  and  large.  Exhibited  by  Wm.  Hea- 
ver, at  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  August  25,  1855. 
Committee  on  Fruit  considered  it  "  rich,  buttery,  and  of 
very  fine  flavor." 

BEURRE  GIFFORD.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form, 
pyriform ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  melting ; 
season,  August. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  A  beautiful,  early  pear.  Does 
well  on  quince  stocks.     Of  fine  texture  and  flavor, 

JBeurre  Van  Mons.  Color,  yellowish,  with  russet;  form, 
pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  coarse,  insipid  to 
some  extent;  quality,  3;  season,  September. 

Remarks.— Exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticul- 
tural Society,  August  18th,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  pro- 
nounced it  third-rate.  The  judgment  of  fruit  often  de- 
pends upon  eating  it  at  the  exact  point  of  perfection. 


132  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Beurre  Andusson.  Color,  yellowish  green  when  ripe ; 
form,  obovate,  acute  pyriform,  tapering  abruptly ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  tender ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  melting,  tender,  juicy.  Flavor,  rich 
sub-acid,  slightly  perfumed  with  rose.  Described  by  Col. 
Wilder,  in  Horticulturist. 

Beurre  Moir,  Color,  pale  green ;  form,  obovate,  oblate, 
pyriform;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  vinous;  sea- 
son, September  and  October. 

Remarks. — Foreign.     Not  tested  here. 

Beurre  Romain.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  obovate ; 
size^  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  poor ;  quality,  4 ;  season, 
September. 

Remarks. — Unworthy.     Yery  poor. 

Beurre  Gris.     See  Brown  Beurre. 

Beurre  Thoury.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form, 
round,  obtusely  turbinated ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  buttery,  juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Remarks. — Tree,  handsome  and  vigorous.  "Almost,  very 
good."  Exhibited  before  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society, 
1855,  by  Elliott,  of  Cleveland,  author  of  American  Fruit 
Grower  s  Guide,  a  valuable  work,  but  too  general  in  its 
character. 

Beurre  de  Ranz,  Beurre  Bpine^  Beurre  de  Flandres. 
Color,  dark  green,  with  a  sunny  bronze,  some  russet  at 
the  crown,  with  some  russet  dots;  form,  oblong,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  coarse,  juicy ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  January  to  March. 


PEARS.  133 

Remarks — Yaries  a  great  deal  in  quality.  ]N'ot  often 
"  very  good."     Tree,  very  straggling  in  habit.     Foreign. 

Beurre  Beaulieu.  Color,  yellow,  with  russet  spots ; 
form,  obovate  pyriform  ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture, 
juicy ;  qualiij^,  2 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Beurre  Charron.  Form,  round,  obovate;  size,  2;  use, 
table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  1;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  exceedingly  melting,  juicy,  and  per- 
fumed,    A  new  pear,  from  Anjou,  France. 

Beurre  Suisse.  Color,  green,  red  and  yellow  ground  ; 
form,  obovate  oblate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  poor, 
tasteless  ;  quality,  3, 

Remarks. — Foreign.     Only  curious. 

Beurre  Bronzee. 
Remarks. — Unworthy. 

Beurre  Oswego.  Color,  yellowish  green,  dull,  blotches 
of  russet ;  form,  ovate  obovate,  or  obovate  rounded  ;  size, 
2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  juicy,  sub-acid,  sprightly; 
quality,  2 ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — This  is  of  value,  but  size  is  small.  Yery 
juicy.  Of  brownish  color.  Tree  said  to  be  hardy,  Sep- 
tember, or  sometimes  October.  We  do  not  find  this  equal 
to  its  reputation. 

Beurre  Figue.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  round  ; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  tender,  juicy ;  quality,  1; 
season,  August. 

Remarks. — A  small  pear.  "Good." — A.  11.  Ernst,  nur- 
seryman, who  has  paid  particular  attention  to  the  pear. 


134  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eeurre  Yan  Marum.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form, 
obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  tender ; 
season,  October. 

Eemarks.  —  Productive  and  fair.  An  early  bearer. 
Good  for  market. 

BEUKEE  SPENCE.     See  Flemish  Beauty. 

Beurre  Crapaud.  Color,  deep  yellow;  form,  round 
obovate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  juicy ; 
quality,  for  Cincinnati  3. 

Eemarks. — Fine  for  the  North.  Foreign.  Vigorous 
upon  both  pear  and  quince. 

Beurre  Nantais.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with  some  dots 
of  russet ;  form,  oblong  pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  melting,  juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Eemarks. — ^Described  in  Hovey's  Magazine. 

Beurre  vSuperfin.  Color,  pale  green,  traces  of  rus- 
set, cheek  of  a  dusky  brown;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture, 
juicy,  melting,  slight  aroma ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Sept. 

Eemarks. — Col.  Wilder  in  the  Horticulturist. 

Beurre  Picquery.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with  gray  dots ; 
form,  obovate  pyriform ;  size,  2;  use,  table ;  texture,  melt- 
ing, buttery,  and  juicy;  quality,  1;  season,  September  to 
November. 

Eemarks. — Yery  rich  and  good.  Of  great  excellence. 
Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855.  Urbaniste,  according  to 
Elliott.     Suited  to  rich  soils.  West. 

BEiJEEE  GEIS  D'HIYEE  NOTJYEAU.  See  Glout 
Morceau.     Winter,  one  of  the  very  best. 


PEARS.  135 

Beurre  Kossuth.  Color,  dull  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
turbinate  rounded ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy, 
sugary ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     New.     A  little  acid.    Described 

in  Hoveyh  Magazine. 

BEUEEE  MILLET.  Color,  pale  yellow ;  form,  round- 
ed, obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting, 
juicy ;  quality.  1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  b}-  A.  H.  Ernst  in  the  Autumn 
Fair  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  1855.  Yery 
fine. 

Beurre  Vaet.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  brown  cheek; 
form,  obovate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  indifferent ; 
quality,  3;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — Unworthy  of  attention  here. 

Beurre  d'lTeri.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  roundish ; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  poor;  quality,  3;  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — !N'ot  worthy  of  any  attention. 

* 

BergamoHe  Suisse.     Unworthy. 

Bergamotte  cC Esperen.  Color,  yellowish  green ;  form, 
roundish ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  melting, 
juicy ;  quality,  1 ;  season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Foreign. 

Bergamotte  Caudry.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form, 
roundish;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  tender,  juicy; 
quality,  2 ;  season,  Winter. 

Bergamotte  Cadette.    Color,  pale  green ;  form,  round 


136  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

obovate ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  tender,  juicj, 
a  little  gritty;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Foreign,  as,  indeed,  all  these  French  names 
imply. 

Bezi  de  Charmontelle,  or  Winter  Butter.  Color,  yel- 
low, reddish  next  the  sun;  form,  very  irregular;  size,  1; 
use,  table;  texture,  melting;  quality,  2;.  season,  long 
keeper. 

Eemarks. — Crown  of  the  fruit  very  deeply  hollowed. 

Bezi  de  Causoy.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  when  ripe ; 
form,  round,  flat  at  crown ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, buttery;  quality,  2;  season,  October. 

Bezi  de  Montigny.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  ob- 
ovate ;  size,  2;  texture,  juicy,  sugary,  tender;  season, 
September. 

Bemarks. — IS^ice  little  pear.  Of  not  much  flavor,  mushy. 

Bezi  Sanspareil.  Color,  dull  greenish  yellow ;  form, 
obtuse,  pyriform ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  aro- 
matic ;   quality,  2  ;  season,  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin. 

Bezi  de  la  Motte.  Color,  dull  green;  form,  round;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Oc- 
tober. 

Eemarks. — An  old  variet}^,  which  appears  as  hardy 
as  deficient  in  high  flavor  ;  sweet  and  juicy.  Productive, 
early. 

Bezi  de  Naples.  Color,  light  yellowish  green;  form, 
ovate,  obovate  ;  size,  2;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  juicy, 
sugary ;  season,  September. 


PEARS.  137 

Bishops s  Thumb,  or  Beurre  Adam.     Unworthy. 

BLOODGOOD.  Color,  yellow  ;  form,  obtuse,  pyriform ; 
size,  2  to  3  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery  ;  quality,  1 ;  sea- 
son, July,  August. 

Remarks. — Very  fine,  though  rather  small.  The  best 
early  pear,  but  not  the  earliest.  Exhibited  by  several  du- 
ring the  season.  The  Fruit  Committee  decided  it  a  first- 
rate  Summer  fruit. 

Bleehers  Meadow,  or  Pfiester.  Color,  yellowish  ;  form, 
roundish;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  medium.  "Pretty 
good." — /.  A.  Warder.  Mr.  Ernst  thinks  it,  or  has  found 
it,  rather  unworthy.     Juicy,  but  not  rich. 

Black  Worcester.  Color,  russet  green  ;  form,  obovate ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  kitchen  ;  texture,  harsh  ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
Kovember  to  February. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  firm,  coarse,  austere.  For  baking 
only. 

BoN  Chretien  Fondante,  Color,  yellowish  green ; 
form,  round,  oblate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting, 
juicy,  tender,  sugary  ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks. — A  little  gritty,  but  pretty  fine.  A  very 
melting,  good  j^ear ;  not  very  rich,  but  a  uniform  bearer; 
nearly  always  smooth. 

BoN  Chretien  d'Hiver,  or  Good  Christian  of  Winter. 
Color,  yellow ;  form,  truncated  pyramidal ;  size,  1  ;  use, 
table;  texture,  tender,  sugary ;  season,  January. 

Remarks. — Flesh  a  little  odoriferous.  Size,  sometimes 
six  inches  long  and  four  wide. 

Bonne  des  Lees.     Color,  light  yellow,  and  red  :  form, 
12 


138  AV  E  S  T  E  R  N     FRUIT     BOOK. 

obovate  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,   melting, 
juicy;  quality,  1;  season,  September. 

BoRDENiEVE.  Color,  dull  greenisli  russet ;  form,  acute 
pyriform;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  buttery, 
sugary;  season,  SejDtember. 

Boucguia.     Unworthy. 

BoN  Chretien  d'Espagne.  Color,  yellow,  brown  dots ; 
form,  long;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  2; 
season,  November. 

R3;marks. — Requires  a  good  soil. 

Brocas  Bergamot.  Color,  dull  light  green  ;  form,  round; 
&ize,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy ;  season,  Se23tember. 

Remarks. — An  uncertain  and  small  bearer;  deficient 
in  vigor.     Loses  its  leaves  early. 

BoussoucK.  Color,  yellow,  russet  spots  ;  form,  globu- 
lar, obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy ; 
season,  October. 

Remarks. — Introduced  by  Kenrick.     Tree  vigorous. 

Brown  Beurre,  or  Beiirre  Gris  of  Coxe  (the  best  and 
most  practical  writer  of  his  time  on  fruit  in  the  Middle 
States).  Color,  green,  with  black  clouds;  form,  almost 
elliptical ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  2  in 
this  countr}^,  1  in  England ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  very  rich  soil ;  varies  in  excel- 
lence ;  sometimes  too  acid,  sometimes  cracks  when  the 
year  is  unfavorable.  It  lasts  a  long  time  in  favorable 
seasons.  This  was  the  great  pear  of  our  boyhood  in  Eng- 
land, where  it  is  superlatively  fine,  rich,  and  melting,  like 
the  Bartlett. 


PEARS.  139 

Broome  Park.  Color,  brown  ;  form,  roundish;  size,  2;  use, 
table ;  texture,  rather  poor ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  November. 
Eemarks. — Unworthy. 

BEANDYWINE.  Color,  dull  yellow  and  green  ;  form, 
tapers  to  stalk;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  August,  same  time  as  the  famous  Bartlett. 

Remarks. — Flesh  more  rich,  juicy,  and  sprightly  than 
the  Bartlett;  not  so  brilliant  in  complexion.  It  never 
rots  in  core,  and  keeps  well  rather  early  picked  from  the 
tree.     Tree  very  thrifty.     Of  American  origin. 

Brande's  St.  Germain.  Color,  bright  yellow ;  form, 
oblate  oval;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  vinous; 
quality,  2;  season,  AYinter. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Manning  thinks  well  of  it,  con- 
siderinir  its  season. 


o 


Bringewood.  Color,  yellow,  russet  and  brownish  ;  form, 
pyriform  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  rich  ;  quality,  2  ; 
season,  ^NTovember. 

Eemarks. — Of  English  origin.  Gritty  at  core,  though 
otherwise  well  flavored. 

Briclmonf.  Color,  yellow;  form,  obovate  oblate;  size, 
3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin. 

Broucham.  Color,  yellowish  white;  form,  obovate; 
size,  3 ;  use,  table :  texture,  buttery,  sugary ;  quality,  2 
to  1  ;  season.  Fall. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  A  little  gritty.  This  is  objec- 
tionable, but  many  very  rich  pears,  as  Gansell's,  Bergamot, 
and  a  few  others,  have  this  defect. 


140  WESTERN    FRUIT   BOOK. 

BUFFUM.  Color,  brown ;  form,  ovate ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Eemarks. — Of  American  origin.  Productive  and  early. 
JS'ative  of  Rhode  Island.  Excellent  for  standard  orchard- 
ing. An  upright,  strong  grower.  Always  productive. 
A  great  fruit  for  marketing. 

Burnett.     Unworthy. 

Cabot.  Color,  russet  yellow,  red  in  sun ;  form,  oval, 
roundish;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  hardly  passable; 
quality,  3  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — "A  good  little  fruit." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

Caen  de  France.  Color,  yellow  russet;  form,  round 
obovate  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary ;  sea- 
son, Winter. 

Remarks. — Foreign. 

Capsheaf.  Color,  yellow,  with  a  great  deal  of  common 
russet;  form,  roundish  obovate;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, melting,  juicy,  sweet;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Native  of  Rhode  Island.     Tree,  hardy. 

Calahasse.     Unworthy. 
Calahasse   Grosse.     Unworthy. 
Capucin.     Unworthy. 

Capiaumont.  Color,  yellow;  form,  globular,  acute  pyri- 
form ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  sugary ;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — Good  on  pear  and  quince.     A  free  grower. 


PEARS.  141 

Calhoun.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2  ;  use, 
table  ;  texture,  melting,  juicy,  sugary  ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
September  and  October. 

Remarks. — American.     New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

Canandaigua.  Size,  1  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary  ;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks.  —  Resembles  the  Bartlett.  Docs  well  on 
quince  or  pear.  Tree,  healthy,  vigorous  and  productive. 
Described  in  Hovey\  Magazine. 

Calehasse  cVEte.  Color,  dull  green  ;  form,  oblate,  pyri- 
form,  irregular ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery, 
juicy  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August. 

Catillac.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size, 
1;  use,  kitchen  ;  texture,  buttery,  juicy;  quality,  2 ;  sea- 
son, November  to  March. 

Remarks. — For  Winter  baking. 

CATINKA.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  oblate  pyriform ; 
size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary ;  quality,  1  ; 
season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — New  and  good.  Large,  round,  coarse  bak- 
ing pear.     Good  bearer. 

CHANCELLOR,  or  Early  German.  Color,  green  ;  form. 
oblate  obovate  pyriform ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  texture, 
melting ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Brinckle  (one  of  the  best  authorities),  in 
Horticulturist,  pronounces  this  a  truly  delicious  pear. 

CHAPTAL.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  round  obo- 
vate ovate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  1; 
season.  Winter. 


142  WESTERN'     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Charles  Van  Mons.  Color,  yellowish  green,  russet 
spots;  form,  obovate  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  3;  use,  table; 
texture,  juicy,  melting,  vinous ;  quality,  2;  season,  Jan- 
uary. 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin,  as  the  name  denotes ; 
Van  Mons,  the  great  originator  of  some  of  the  finest  pears 
from  seed,  having  used  the  greatest  perseverance  and 
energy,  skill  and  science,  in  his  labors. 

Chelmsford. 

Eemarks. — Like  the  Stone,  is  good  to  sell  and  to  bake, 
not  to  eat  for  tlie  dessert.  Its  fine  appearance  promises, 
like  many  things,  more  than  it  can  perform,  and  attracts 
the  popular  eye. 

Charles  d' Austria.     Unworthy. 

Chaumontel  Tres  Gros,  or  Chaumontel.  Very  rich  and 
large.  See  Beurre  Easter,  or  Easter  Beurre,  it  being 
synonymous. 

Chaumontel.  or  Winter  Beurre.  Color,  yellowish  russet 
brown  in  sun;  form,  oblate  obovate;  size,  1  ;  use,  table; 
texture,  buttery,  melting;  quality,  1;  season,  October  to 
February. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  rich,  warm  soil. 

Christmas.  Color,  bronzed,  russety ;  form,  ovate,  round- 
ish ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  a  little  gritty,  but  juicy  and 
sugary ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  November  to  February. 

Remarks. — American.  Xew.  From  this  vicinity  (Cin- 
cinnati).     Warder  s  Notes. 

Citron.  Color,  dull  green,  with  russet  spots;  form, 
roundish    obovate:    size,   2;    use,   table;    texture,    some- 


PEARS.  143 

what  coarse,  but  melting  and  juicy;  quality,  2;  season, 
August. 

i 

CITROlSr  DES  CARMES,  of  Madeleine.  See  Madeleine. 
The  best  and  most  profitable,  and  earliest  pear  of  any 
great  merit.  Good,  if  picked  before  it  turns  yellow. 
Early,  medium ;  not  at  all  like  Green  Chisel,  as  has  been 
said. 

Clara.     Unworthy.     Inferior. 

CLI0:N'.     See  Vicar  of  Winkfield. 

Clinton.     Unworthy. 

COLLINS.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  round,  obo- 
vate ;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  vinous,  juicy,  sugary; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — From  Watertown,  Massachusetts.  Supposed 
to  be  a  seedling  of  White  Doyenne  (that  most  excellent 
fruit).     A  great  bearer. 

CoTiMART.  Color,  a  little  yellowish  when  ripe,  green 
and  brown  spots  ;  form,  flat  at  blossom  end ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table;  texture,  buttery,  melting;  quality,  2;  season. 
Winter. 

Remarks. — Keeps  very  well. 

COMPTE  DE  LAMY.  Color,  yellow,  with  a  brown 
cheek,  Avith  russet  dots ;  form,  round,  obovate ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August 
and  September. 

Remarks.  —  Exhibited  by  Heaver  &  Eyler,  August 
25,  1855.  Rich,  delicious,  and  sugary.  Tree  of  upright 
growth.     Well  worthy  of  cultivation. 


144  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Comprette.     Unworthy. 
Commodore.     Inferior. 

CoNSEiLLER  Eamuez.  Color,  dull  greenish  russet;  form, 
obovate,  obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  tender ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Described  and  recommended  by  Col.  Wilder, 
in  Horticulturist. 

Colmar  Epine.  Color,  dull  green;  form,  round,  obtuse, 
oblate ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  vinous,  juicy; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Origin  foreign. 

Colmar  Neill.  Color,  pale  yellow;  form,  obovate ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  melting;  quality,  2;  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — Origin  foreign. 

Columbia.  Form,  oblate,  obovate  pyriform;  size,  2; 
use,  table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2;  season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — From  Westchester,  New  York.  Tree  very 
hardy  and  productive.  Fruit  always  smooth  and  fair, 
but  not  very  good.     It  is,  however,  a  good  keeper. 

Comstock.     Inferior. 

Colmar  d'Aremberg.  Color,  green  on  deep  yellow; 
form,  irregular;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  crisp  ;  qual- 
ity, 2  to  3 ;  season,  October  and  l^ovember. 

Eemarks. — Skin,  thin.  Flesh,  neither  fine  nor  coarse. 
Juice,  abundant,  acerb,  but  good,  nevertheless,  or  rather, 
middling.  Only  "  so-so "  in  flavor.  It  has  sometimes 
been  confounded  with  the  Glout  Morceau.     Productive. 


PEARS.  145 

Colmar.     Alt  inditfereiit  pear. 

CoTER.  Color,  pale  green  ;  form,  regular  obovatc  ;  size, 
2;  use,  table  ;  texture,  tender,  melting;  quality,  2;  sea- 
gon,  October  and  November. 

Remarks. — Tree,  healthy  and  vigorous. 

COUNTESS  OF  LITXAY.  Color,  pale  yellow,  red  and 
russet;  form,  roundish  obovate ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  tex- 
ture, crisp,  melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  1 ;  season.  September. 

Remarks. — Tree,  vigorous ;  very  productive  on  quince. 
Has  been  distributed  as  the  Doyenne  d'Ete,  in  some  parts 
of  the  country. 

COITS  BEURRE.  Color,  rich  brown  russet;  form, 
obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  1  to  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy, 
buttery,  melting;  quality,  1;  season.  August  and  Sep- 
tember. 

Remarks. — From  Euclid,  Ohio.  Tree,  hardy,  vigorous, 
upright.  Well  worthy  a  place  in  all  collections.  Ranks 
among  the  first.  Can  hardly  be  too  higlil}'  commended. 
"  Very  rich,  and  luscious." — Fruit  Committee  at  the  Oincin' 
nati  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855,  the  greatAVestern  Fruit 
Year,  w^hen  there  were  so  many  fruits  tested,  and  decided 
upon,^ro  and  con  —  a  valuable  and  memorable  year  for 
pomologists,  and  the  public  at  large. 

Cravjford.     Unworthy. 

Croft  Castle.     Inferior.     Worthless. 

Cross,   or    Winter    Cross.      Color,  deep    yellow ;    form, 
round    obovate;    size,    2;    use,  table;    texture,  melting, 
juicy  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  February. 
13 


146  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK, 

Eemarks. — Of  American  origin  ;  from  Massachusetts. 
Tree,  hardy,  slender.     Wood,  grayish  yellow. 

Crassane,  or  Bergamotte  Orassane.  Color,  greenish  yel- 
low;  form,  rather  round,  with  black  dots;  use,  table; 
texture,  melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Eipens  soon  after  the  Yellow,  or  Orange 
Beurre.  Dry  when  first  gathered.  It  will  keep  in  the 
bouse  six  weeks.  It  is  a  great  bearer ;  of  vigorous  growth, 
and  hardy. 

Cuisse  Madame.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  long ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Possesses  a  slight  musky  flavor.  Liable  to 
be  blown  from  the  tree. 

CXJSHIIS'G.  Color,  light,  greenish  yellow,  with  gray- 
ish dots,  or  patches ;  form,  ovate  obovate ;  use,  table  ; 
texture,  white,  melting,  sugar}' ;  quality.  1 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — American.  From  liingham.  Massachusetts. 
Tree,  hardy.  Of  fine  quality',  as  many  from  this  State 
(Massachusetts),  particularly  near  Boston,  with  that  dis- 
tinguished Pomologist  and  Merchant  Prince,  M.  P.  Wilder, 
to  take  the  lead,  with  his  excellent  judgment,  and  great 
zeal,  fully  and  truly  demonstrate.  The  Cushing  is  good 
for  market. 

Cumherland. 

Eemarks. — An  indifferent  fruit.  Sometimes  pretty 
good,  but  we  would  not  recommend  it. 

DALLAS.  Color,  dull  yellow  and  red,  with  russet; 
form,  round,  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white, 
melting,  juicy  ;  season,  October, 


PEARS.  147 

Kemarks. — 'American.  From  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
It  may  be  observed,  as  a  general  rule,  that  the  native  fruit 
trees,  originating,  either  from  native  seed,  or  from  the 
seed  of  established  fine  foreign  kinds,  are  the  hardiest, 
most  thrift}',  vigorous,  and  healthy  — as  the  Seckel,  Buf- 
fum,  Dearborn's  Seedling,  etc.  The  Bartlett,  and  some 
others,  are  exceptions  to  this  rule. 

D' Amour. 

Eemarks. — Eather  too  small  to  be  popular  here,  though 
sometimes  of  rich  flavor.  It  is  a  \qvj  fruitful  tree,  but 
too  small  to  be  much  cultivated. 

Dean's  Summer.     See  Doyenne  d'  Ete. 

DEAEBOEN'S  SEEDLING.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with 
russet  spots;  form,  obovate ;  size,  3;  use,  dessert;  texture, 
juicy,  melting;  quality,  1;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Tree  bears  well  at  7  or  8  years  old.  First- 
rate.  Origin  Eoxbury,  Massachusetts.  Tree  very  vigorous, 
erect,  yet  spreading.  Yery  fine  and  delicious,  but  rather 
small.  Exhibited  by  A,  H.  Ernst,  with  whom  it  has  always 
been  a  great  favorite,  August  11,  1855.  Fruit  Committee 
decided  it,  "  Hardly  to  be  too  highly  j^rized."  "  Yery 
fine." — Dr.  Warder.  An  early  and  abundant  bearer.  A 
hardy  tree. 

De  Louvain.  Color,  dull  greenish  yellow ;  form,  obo- 
vate, acute  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  baking  ;  texture,  crisjD, 
juicy,  astringent;  quality,  1  ;  season,  December  to  Feb- 
ruar}^,  and  even  March. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  It  is  well  known  that,  for  the 
purposes  of  good  baking  or  cooking,  there  are  qualities 
required  different  from  the  table  or  dessert.  These  qual- 
ities are  juiciness,  crispness,  some  acidity;  and  even  astrin- 


148  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

gency,  or  harshness,  and  hardness,  is  but  little  objection- 
able for  this  purpose  in  most  fruits.  Still  the  best  fruits, 
when  they  do  cook  well,  retain  their  delicious  and  superior 
points  as  well  after  the  culinary  processes  are  applied  to 
them,  as  before. 

DELICES  D' HARDENPONT.  Color,  pale  yellow, 
green  dots,  russet  in  sun  ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  2  ;  use, 
table;  texture,  white,  buttery,  melting,  juicy  ;  quality,  1; 
season,  Se2:>tember. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  We  are  greatly  indebted  to  Mr, 
Knight,  the  great  English  botanist,  for  many  new  and 
most  excellent  friiits,  obtained  by  cross  impregnation  ;  as 
well  as  to  Yan  Mons  and  others,  for  kinds  from  the  seed. 
It  is  well  known  that  upon  this  first,  most  delicate,  and 
beautiful  i:)rocess,  must  greatly  depend  our  improvement, 
especially  in  grapes,  apon  the  native  vines ;  also,  rasp- 
berries, etc.,  etc. 

DES  NOXES.  Color,  clear  yellow,  with  small  brown 
dots;  form,  turbinated;  size,  3;  use,  tabic;  texture,  white, 
buttery,  melting,  juicy ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  to  Sept. 

Remarks. — A  pear  of  great  excellence,  combining  the 
high  flavor  of  the  Seckel,  with  the  delicious  melting  qual- 
ities of  the  Belle  Lucrative,  or  its  synonyme,  Fondante 
d'Automne.  In  short,  of  very  fine  flavor  and  texture. 

Delices  de  Mons.  Color,  lemon  yellow;  form,  ]yjvi- 
form,  uneven  surface ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melt- 
ing, vinous,  juicy  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Foreign. 

De    Sorlus.      Color,   yellowish,   grayish,    white  dots ; 
form,    turbinate;    size,    1;    use,    dessert;   texture,   white, 
tmelting,  juicy  ;  quality,  2;   season,  September  to  Xov. 


PEARS.  149 

Eemarks, — New.  Tree  vigorous.  Described  favorably 
in  Hoveys  Magazine. 

DiLLEN.    Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  obovate,  obtuse 

pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;   use,  table  ;   season,  September  to  Nov. 

Kemarks. — Tree  not  vigorous.  Described  in  Hoveys  Mag, 

DILLER.  Color,  golden  yellow,  sprinkled  with  russet 
dots ;  form,  obtuse,  or  one-sided ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  white,  buttery,  sugary;  quality,  1;    season,  Aug. 

Remarks. — Among  the  best.  Its  growth  resembles  the 
Bloodgood.  Flesh,  yellowish  white,  buttery,  with  rich, 
sugary,  luscious  flavor.  A  little  gritty  at  the  core.  Seeds 
long,  black,  and  pointed. 

Dix.  Color,  yellow,  with  russet  spots  ;  form,  oblong 
pyriform  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting ;  quality, 
1 ;    season,  Sej^tember  to  November. 

Remarks. — First  bore  fruit  in  1826,  in  the  garden  of 
Madame  Dix,  Boston.  It  is  very  hardy.  It  does  not 
bear  until  it  has  reached  some  considerable  size,  different 
in  that  respect  from  the  Bartlett  and  some  others.  Pro- 
duces abundantly.  Yery  free  from  disease.  It  deserves 
the  attention  of  all  cultivators,  as  it  is  of  high  excellence. 
Tree  thorny.  Yery  good,  but  long  coming  into  bearing. 
Bears  all  at  the  top  of  the  tree.  Those  pears  on  the 
quince  that  are  the  longest  coming  into  bearing,  are  the 
best.  Those  well  adapted  to  this  stock  come  quite  soon 
enough  for  the  benefit  of,  and  enduring  effect  on,  the  tree. 
The  only  difficulty  is,  that  most  of  them  are  too  early 
productive,  and  exhaust  the  vigor  of  the  plant  too  much. 
In  cultivating  the  pear  on  the  qaince,  it  is  very  desirable 
to  know  what  kinds  are  the  best  for  that  purpose.  There 
is  a  great  deal  involved  in  their  particular  adaptations  for 
that  purpose. 


150  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

DOYENXE  D'ALE:N"C0]^.  Form,  obovate  pj^riform  ; 
size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
isTovember  and  December. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  fine,  handsome  grower.  Good  on 
quince  or  j)ear.     A  good  bearer.     A  fine  Winter  fruit. 

Doyenne  Gris  L'Hiver  1N"ouveau,  or  Winter  Gray 
Doyenne.  Color,  pale,  dull  yellow ;  form,  obovate,  obtuse 
pyriform  ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2 
to  3 ;  season,  long  keeper,  to  April. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  tinged  with  orange,  coarse-grained, 
but  melting  and  juicy.  Flavor,  si^rightl}^,  vinous,  good; 
slightly  astringent  near  the  skin.  Eipens  readily,  in  due 
time.  It  is  recommended  b}^  the  author,  from  experience, 
not  to  force  the  rij)ening  of  pears  out  of  their  natural  sea- 
son ;  but  to  mature  them,  gradually  and  evenly,  in  rather 
a  low  temperature,  giving  sufficient  air  when  the  weather 
is  favorable.  The  air  should  be  a  medium,  between  dry- 
ness and  a  slight  natural  moisture.  N^ot  in  extremes  of 
either.  The  Gray  Doyenne  is  described  by  Col.  AYilder, 
in  the  Horticulturist^  first  established  by  Downing,  and 
which  leading  work  has  also  been  well  conducted  ever 
since,  by  good  theoretical,  as  well  as  eminently  practical 
men.  It  is  now  in  very  good  hands,  and  has,  as  it 
deserves,  a  large  circulation,  and  still  increasing,  as  may 
be  expected  from  the  gloriously  growing  interest  in  Hor- 
ticulture, and  Agriculture,  in  all  parts  of  the  Union.  Men 
are  beginning  to  get  their  eyes  open,  at  length,  to  their 
highest  welfare,  happiness,  and  wealth.  Fruit  should 
comprise  one-third  of  the  human  diet,  at  least. 

Doyenne  d'Ete,  or  Summer  Butter,  of  Indiana.  Color, 
yellowish  white ;  form,  roundish,  obtuse  pj^riform ;  size, 
3 ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August,  and  some- 
times July. 


PEARS.  151 

Eemarks. — "Very  good." — J.  B.  Eaton.  Is  a  good 
early  pear,  but  not  very  large.     Tree  grows  slowl3\ 

Buffalo. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Tree,  moderately  vigorous.  Ear- 
ly and  abundant  bearer.  Flesh,  a  little  coarse,  but  but- 
tery, juicy,  sugar3^  and  sprightly. 

Doyenne  Panachee.  Color,  3'elloAvish,  green,  and  red, 
in  stripes;  form,  regular;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy; 
quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Singular  in  appearance.  JSTot  of  high 
flavor. 

Doyenne  de  Cornice.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  lorm, 
turbinated;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  November  and  December. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  melting,  buttery,  juicy,  sugary,  agree- 
ably perfumed.     Yery  delicious. 

Doyenne  Eose.     Form,  oblate,  ovate  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ; 
texture,  white,  crisp,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  October. 
Eemarks. — Foreign. 

Doyenne  Sieulle.  Form,  roundish  obovate ;  size,!; 
use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  sugary ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Eequires  high  culture. 

DOYENNE  EOBIN.  Form,  bergamot  shaped;  size,  1; 
use,  table;  texture,  melting;  quality,  1;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  "Yery  fine.  New,  good,  nearly 
first-rate." — Fruit  Committee,  at  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Ex- 
hihition,  1<S55.     Excellent  here  on  quince. 


152  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Doyenne  Santellette.  Color,  dull  yellow,  gray  russet  dots; 
form,  roundish,  pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  texture,  white,  melt- 
ing, vinous,  juicy ;  quality,  1  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  An  old  variety.  Little  known. 
Tree  vigorous. 

DOYENNE  GOUBALT.  Color,  dull,  pale  yellow; 
form,  obovate,  acute  pyriform ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  good  ;    quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Foreign ;  great  for  orcharding  on  jDear  roots. 

Doyenne  de  Fais.  Color,  yellow;  form,  roundish; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  rich ;  quality,  2 ;  sea- 
son, September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  robust,  and  productive.  .  Described  by 
Thorpe,  Smith  &  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Duchess  d'Angouleme.  Color,  dull  green  and  yellow ; 
form,  oblate,  ovate  pyriform ;  size,  1  (often  monstrous)  ; 
use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  juicy ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Magnificent.  Sold  for  eight  dollars  per 
bushel  by  Professor  Mapes  and  others,  in  New  Y^ork  City. 
Sometimes  sold  for  seventy-five  cents  each  in  Philadel- 
phia. Blooms  too  soon.  Does  not  set  so  well  with  us — 
often  very  badly.  Dr.  Warder  complains  that  he  knows 
that  six  pears  only  set  on  fifty  trees,  three  years  planted, 
after  having  been  white  with  blossoms,  on  quince  stocks, 
on  Avhich  it  grows  best.  Valuable  for  market  when  it 
succeeds ;  some  years  free  from  fi-ost,  or  some  other  cause 
aflecting  its  bearing.  High  culture  very  desirable  for  it. 
Does  w^ell  on  the  quince,  and  quince  only,  when  it  has  a 
soil  and  climate  to  suit  it.  It  always  gets  caught  by  the 
frost.  We  think  it  will  not  do  here.  The  Duchess  d'An- 
gouleme should  be  cultivated  only  on  the  quince,  and  no 


PEARS.  153 

where  else.  It  is  rather  a  shy  bearer  here,  which,  if  it  is 
not  in  extreme,  is  rather  a  good  quality,  as  most  pears 
are  allowed  to  produce  too  largely  on  quince  stocks,  which 
makes  them  too  short  lived. 

X>ucHESSE  DE  Mars.  Color,  yellowish  russet;  form, 
oblate  obovate  ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  juicy, 
aromatic  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Best  grown  on  quince,  and  succeeds  well 
on  it. 

DucHESSE  DE  Berri.  Color,  j)ale  yellow,  with  russet 
spots;  form,  round  obovate;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  juicy,  sugary ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  moderately  vigorous. 

DUNDAS,  or  Panne ntier.  Color,  yellow,^  greenish  black 
spots ;  form,  obovate  ovate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture. 
Inciting,  aromatic;  quality,  1. 

Eemarks. — Foreign — English.  Eather  liable  to  drop 
before  matured. 

DiJNMOEE.  Color,  green,  red  and  russet ;  form,  ob- 
late obovate  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  dessert ;  texture,  white,  buttery, 
melting ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — A  good  grower  and  hardy  bearer  on  pear 
stocks.     Eequires  rich,  high  culture. 

Early  Butter  or  Cincinnati.  Color,  greenish  yellow, 
dark  greenish  specks,  sometimes  a  little  of  bronzy  red  in 
sun  ;  form,  oblong  ovate,  diminishing  a  good  deal  to  the 
stem  ;  size,  3  ;  use,  dessert ;  texture,  white,  buttery,  juicy ; 
quality,  2;  season,  last  of  July  generally. 

Eemarks. — This  is  distinct  from  Dearborn's  Seedling. 


154  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

We  know   of  no   other   description    elsewhere.      ''  Very 
good." — Fruit  Committee  of  Cincinnati  horticultural  Society. 

Early  Sugar.  Color,  green  to  yellow;  form,  pyri- 
form ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table;  texture,  white,  very  saccharine 
or  sugary,  a  little  gritty  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — Only  valued  for  its  earliness. 

Early  Butter  of  Indiana.  Color,  whitish  yellow; 
form,  obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white, 
sugary,  buttery,  juicy ;  quality,  2;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — ''  Not  identical  with  any  I  have  seen  else- 
where."— A.  H.  Ernst.  Tree,  a  long  time  coming  into 
bearing. — There  is  a  fruit  near  Newport,  Kentucky,  a 
seedling,  which  is  a  pretty  good  small  earh^  pear,  gener- 
ally v\])Q  in  July,  which,  just  at  a  particular  period  in  its 
maturity,  and  just  before  it  rots  or  mushes  in  the  core,  is 
a  pretty  passable  Summer  fruit,  although  somewhat  harsh 
and  a  little  astringent  at  most  points  of  its  ripening.  It 
bears  well  and  is  a  healthy  tree.  It  sells  at  about  three 
dollars  per  bushel,  chiefly  on  account  of  its  earliness. 
One  year  pai^t  of  the  crop  was  ripe  before  the  4th  of  July. 

Early  Bergamot.     Unworthy — very  poor. 

Early  Catherine,  or  Early  Rousselet.     Unprofitable — poor. 

EASTER  BEURRE,  with  several  synonymes,  as  Beurre 
Gris  d' Hiver  Noiiveau,  Pater  Noster,  Doyenne  de  Printemps,  etc., 
etc.,  etc.  Color,  yellowish  green,  with  russet  spots ;  form, 
globular,  obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture, 
juicy,  melting;  quality,  1;  season,  December  to  March. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  rich,  warm  soil,  and  some  care 
in  ripening,  one  of  the  arts  not  generally  well  understood, 
and  owing  to  the  want  of  good  houses  for  preservation 


PEARS.  155 

on  good  principles,  similar  to  Sehooley's,  of  Cincinnati, 
for  inst-ance,  not  successfally  pursued.  Col.  AVilder,  the 
best  authority  on  this  subject,  speaks,  from  experience, 
very  highly  of  Schooley's  fruit  houses  and  plans  of  saving 
fruit  for  a  long  period  beyond  their  season.  This  fine 
pear  Avas  exhibited  before  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society  in  the  Winter  of  1855.  Fruit  Committee  agreed 
it  was  "a  first-rate  Winter  pear,  and  would  keep  a  long 
time  under  proper  and  favorable  circumstances."  One  of 
the  best  keeping  table  pears  ;  first-rate  in  March. 

Easter  Bergamot. 

Eemarks. — Smaller,  and  not  so  good  as  Easter  Beurre; 

Easter  Beurre. 

Eemarks. — Earely  ripens.  When  it  does  it  is  excellent. 
Keeps  well.     See  Beurre  Easter. 

Elizabeth  (Edwards).  Color,  lemon  yellow;  form, 
roundish,  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
white,  crisp,  melting,  juicy,  vinous;  quality,  2;  season, 
September  and  October.     American. 

Elizabeth  (Mannings).  Color,  lemon  yellow;  form, 
obovate,  roundish  ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting, 
•sugary,  juicy ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin. 

Edwards  (William).     Unprofitable. 

Edwards  (Henrietta).  Color,  dull  yellow,  spots  of 
crimson  in  sun,  russet  round  the  stem;  form,  obovate, 
obtuse  pyriform;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  rather 
coarse,  but  melting  and  juicy  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Tree  hardy,  productive,  and  vigorous. 


156  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Enfant  Prodige.  Color,  russet  or  gray ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
cooking. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  greenish  white ;  form,  breaking,  juice 
abundant,  acidulous,  but  sugary,  and  very  good. 

Epargne.  Color,  green,  with  grayish  spots  of  fawn 
color;  form,  long;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery; 
quality,  2;  season,  August. 

Epine  d'Ete,  or  Whiter  Thorn.  Color,  yellowish  green ; 
form,  round  at  blossom  end  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ; 
texture,  melting,  tender  ;  season,  November  to  January. 

Eemarks. — An  agreeable  flavor. 

Eyewood.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  obovate  ;  size, 
3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp,  melting,  juicy ;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Tree  vigorous,  branches  strong. 

FIGrUE.  Color,  green,  with  yellow  ;  form,  oblate  pyri- 
form;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  white,  juicy,  melting, 
aromatic;  quality,  1;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — Tree  vigorous,  hardy.  Productive  on  pear 
or  quince. 

FiGUE  DE  Naples.  Color,  pale  greenish  yellow;  form, 
oblate,  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sweet ; 
quality,  2;  season.  October. 

Eemarks. — This  pear  is  the  Beurre  Bronzee  of  some. 
Tree  vigorous  and  productive. 

FIN  OE  D'ETE,  or  Fine  Gold  of  Summer.  Form,  round  ; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  juicy ;  quality.  2  ;  sea- 
son, July. 

Eemarks. — Fine   and  beautiful.     The  skin  is  a  little 


TEARS.  157 

rough  ;  of  a  rich  yellow  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other  a 
brilliant  red,  dotted  with  yellow.  Growth  of  the  tree 
vigorous,  Avith  long  hanging  limbs. 

FLEMISH  BEAUTY,  or  Belle  de  Flandres  (which  see)  ; 
a  beautiful,  productive,  and  early  bearer ;  not,  however, 
equal  to  some.  Great  for  market  for  short  distances,  with 
great  care.  Y^ry  tender;  does  not  keep  long.  Must  be 
gathered,  like  most  other  pears,  a  little  before  ripe,  and 
while  it  is  firm.  This  applies  to  the  Eartlett,  Seckel, 
Swan's  Orange,  Fondante  d'Automne,  etc.,  etc. 

Flemish  Bon  Chretien.  Unworthy  of  notice,  or  cultivation. 

FONDANTE  DE  MILLET. 

Eemarks. — Perhaps  "  Beurre  de  Millet;"  but,  however, 
it  is  "very  good." — Exhibition  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticul- 
tural Society^  1855. 

Fondante  Van  Mons.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form, 
roundish,  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white  and 
melting,  buttery,  sugary;  quality,!;  season,  September. 

Remarks.  —  Foreign.  Tree,  good  grower,  and  pro- 
ductive. 

FONDANTE  D'AUTOMNE,  or  Bdle  Lucrative.  Color, 
pale  yellowish  green  ;  form,  p^'riform  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ; 
texture,  juicy,  melting,  aromatic. 

Remarks. — Extraordinarih^  fine.  Exhibited  by  several, 
August,  1855,  at  the  Horticultural  Rooms.  The  Fruit 
Committee  consider  it  "  of  the  very  finest  pear  flavor." 
"Excellently  well  adapted  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." 
— F.  G.  Ccn-?/,  in   Western  Horticulturist  and  Cincinnatus. 

Fondante  du  Bois.     Unprofitable  ;  poor. 


158  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

FoNDANTE  DE  Malines.  Color,  pale  yellowish  lem- 
on;  form,  round  obovate ;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture, 
juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Flesh  white,  buttery,  melting ;  a  little  gran- 
ulous  near  the  core. 

Fondante  de  Charneuse,  Color,  dull  yellowish  green  ; 
form,  obtuse  pyriform,  irregular;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  tex- 
ture, melting,  juicy,  astringent. 

Bemarks. — iSTew.     Described  in  Hart Iculiur  1st. 

Formes  de  Ddiccs.     Unworthy  ;  below  notice  here. 

FoRELLE,  or  Trout.  Color,  green,  striped  yellow  and 
red  ;  form,  pyriform  ;  size,  2 :  use,  table ;  quality,  melt- 
ing. Juicy,  vinous  :  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Pretty,  but  not  superior.  Deserves  some 
attention. 

FOETLWEE,  or  Episcopal,  etc.  Color,  grayish  j^ellow^ ; 
form,  roundish;  size,  3;  use,  table ;  texture,  rich,  melting, 
juicy,  tender ;  quality,  1;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — "  Very  fine  and  good."  Horticultural  Exhibi- 
tion, 1855.  We  do  not  know  how^  Elliott  placed  this  among 
the  unworthy.  It  must  have  been  from  some  unfortunate 
specimen  he  had.  Such  things  will  happen  sometimes, 
even  among  the  most  careful  and  skillful. 

Frederika  Bremer.  Form,  round  obovate  ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  table  ;  texture,  brittle  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September 
and  October. 

Eemarks. — Flesh,  white,  free  from  grit,  melting,  fine, 
buttery,  sugary,  slightly  acid.  Described  by  J.  C.  Hast- 
ings in  Horticulturist.  "A  good  pear." — Fruit  Committee  of 
Cincinnati  Hort.  Society^  Horticultural  Exhibition^  1855. 


PEARS.  '  159 

Frederick  de  Wurtemburg.  Color,  dull  yellow; 
form,  angular  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white, 
juicy,  melting ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Tree  early  and  productive.  Decays  at  core. 
Sometimes  very  large  and  handsome,  but  uncertain.  A 
less  vigorous  tree  than  desirable. 

Franc  Real  d' Iliver. 

Remarks.  —  Poor,  undeserving  attention. 

Frangipane.     Color,  yellow;  form,  long;  size,  2 ;  use, 
table  ;  texture,  melting ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 
Remarks. — Perfumed. 

FULTON.  Color,  reddish,  or  dark  cinnamon  russet ; 
form,  flattened  round ;  size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
buttery;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — From  Maine.  Yer^^  fine.  Tree  very  hardy, 
and  abundant  bearer.  Well  suited  for  standard  orchard- 
ing in  the  West. 

G-ansel's  Bergamot.  Color,  yellow,  with  brownish 
russet ;  form,  roundish  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  tex- 
ture, crisp,  sugary;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Requires  a  warm,  rich  soil.  Succeeds  well 
on  quince.  Fruit  a  little  gritty  at  core,  but  of  extraordi- 
nary high  flavor.  Does  not  grow  so  large  here  as  in 
England,  owing,  probably,  to  too  warm  a  climate,  and, 
therefore,  never  equal  to  its  English,  or  foreign,  reputation. 
Tree  not  very  vigorous  here. 

Gendesheim.     REMARKS. — Undeserving  attention. 

Gideon  Paridante.  Color,  yellowish  gray,  brown  in 
sun ;  form,  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 


1(30  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

melting,  juicy,  sugary;  quality,  2:   season,   August  and 
September. 

Remarks. — A  respectable  fruit,  though  not  first-rate. 

GILE-0-GrILE,  or  Garde  cV Ecosse.  Color,  russet,  with  a 
reddish  russet  cheek;  form,  roundish;  size,  1;  use,  cook- 
ing and  preserving;  texture,  firm  and  crisp;  quality,!, 
for  baking,  etc.;  season,  October  to  January. 

Eemarks.  —  Esteemed  highly  for  preserving.  Bears 
large  crojos.  We  have  already'  noticed  the  necessity  of 
watering  fruit  trees,  and  particularly  recommend  it  to 
pear  trees  that  have  large  crops  on  them,  as  it  will  pre- 
vent them  falling  off,  and  assist  greath'  in  tlieir  size,  for 
the  crops  of  standard  trees  can  not  well  be  thinned.  Wet 
Summers  alone  have  convinced  the  author  how  much 
these  trees  are  assisted  in  their  croi)S  by  plent}'  of  mois- 
ture. And  the  experience  of  very  dry  Summers  has 
proved  the  reverse. 

GLOUT  MOP.CEATJ.  Color,  pale  yellowish  green  ; 
form,  obovate,  obtuse  pyriform,  often  angular;  size,  2; 
use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  melting;  quality,  1;  season, 
December  to  February,  or  later. 

Remarks. — Flemish,  and  one  of  the  best  Winter  fruits. 
Honied.  Does  not  bear  well  when  3'oung.  After  ten 
years,  an  abundant  bearer.  One  of  the  best  and  hardiest, 
and  fine.  The  Glout  Morceau  is  the  best  Winter  pear  in 
this  vicinit}^,  and  is  almost  the  only  one  that  ripens 
well  Here,  without  extraordinary  pains  being  taken  for 
that  purpose  in  a  particularly  careful  manner.  Indeed 
we  do  not  seem  to  have  found  out  a  good  method  of  pre- 
serving and  ripening  Winter  pears,  suitable  for  our 
climate,  yet.  The  Glout  Morceau,  and  Ticar  of  Winkfield 
or  Clion,  and  Winter  Nelis,  are  about  our  best  Winter 
pears.     As  a  general  thing,  Winter  varieties  are  difficult 


PEARS.  161 

to  ripen.  The  chief  reason  seems  to  be,  that  the  leaves 
fall  too  soon.  Nature  can  not  perform  her  functions,  and, 
therefore,  the  fruit  is  deficient  in  those  peculiar  qualities 
for  ripening,  which  are  necessary  for  it.  Hot,  dry  wea- 
ther, of  which  we  often  have  so  much,  deprives  the  tree 
prematurely  of  its  leaves.  It  is  not  so  frequent  in  the 
East  as  with  us ;  we  having  a  richer  soil  also.  The  Glout 
Morceau  is  one  of  the  latest  to  shed  its  leaves.  Those 
kinds  which  hold  their  leaves  longest,  are  the  best  trees 
to  bear  Winter  fruit.  Winter  Nelis  is  likely  to  be  a  good 
early  bearer  here.  Is  a  tolerably  good  grower,  although  it 
is  hard  to  make  a  handsome  tree  of  it.  The  Glout  Morceau 
bears  well  on  the  quince,  but  ripens  with  some,  rather 
poorly.  Others  speak  well  of  it  for  rij)oning,  compared 
with  other  AVinter  pears  generally. 

GOLDEN  BEUEEE  OF  BILBOA.  Color,  rich  yel- 
low, with  russet  dots;  form,  obovate;  size,* 2;  use,  dessert, 
and  beautiful ;  texture,  juicy,  melting,  sweetish  ;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Kemarks. — Spanish  origin.  Tree  hardy.  Eequires  a 
rich,  strong,  heavy  soil.  Exhibited  by  Wm.  Heaver,  and 
Mr.  Hatch  (those  of  the  latter  very  finely  colored,  as  is 
usual  with  this  gentleman's  fruit,  from  some  cause;  per- 
haps, sunny  exposures  and  superior  cultivation),  August, 
1855.  Decision  of  the  Fruit  Committee,  '-Juicy,  sweet, 
buttery,  melting,  and  good,  but  not  the  highest  flavor." 
Very  fine,  but  not  superior,  if  equal,  to  Belle  Lucrative, 
or  Fondante  d' Autumne.  It  is  a  rich  looking  and  pretty 
good  pear. 

Grand  Soleil.  Color,  orange  yellow ;  form,  round- 
ish ;  s,ize,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  white,  crisp,  buttery, 
melting ;  quality,  2  ;   season,  October. 

Remarks. — Tree  vigorous,  well  formed,  productive. 
14 


162  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Green  Catpierine.  or  Rousselet.     See  Rousselet. 

Green  Mountain  Boy.  Color,  golden  yellow  ;  form, 
round  obovate,  irregular ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  juicy,  sugary;  quality,  2;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — '-  Native  American." 

Green  Chisel,  see  Madeleine. 

Gray  Doyenne,  ^Yith  many  synonymes.  Color,  cinna- 
mon russet ;  form,  roundish,  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ; 
texture,  melting,  juicy,  buttery  ;  quality,  1;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Remarks. — Distinct  from  Boussock  and  Surpasse  Yer- 
galieu.  A  good  bearer  on  pear  or  quince.  A  hardy  tree. 
A  small,  very  early  green  pear,  never  turning  yellow, 
rotting  rapidly — a  very  poor  fruit,  nothing  like  the  Made- 
leine, which  is  one  of  our  best  Summer  fruits. 

Gran  Pear  of  Yair,  or  Grand  Monarque.     A  poor  affair. 

Grise  Bonne,  or  Good  Gray  Pear.  Color,  gray,  with 
black  spots ;  form,  regular ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
juicy;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  large  grained,  but  juicy. 

Grooms  Princess  Royal.  Color,  greenish  brown  ;  form, 
roundish  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  unknown  in  Amer- 
ica, but  1  in  England;  season,  Winter. 

Remarks. — ^ISTot  yet  tested  here.  Raised  by  Mr.  Groom, 
the  famous  tulip  grower,  near  London,  who  has  earned  a 
good  name  as  a  great  fruit  and  flower  grower. 

Grosse  Calebasse.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  bell; 
size,  1;  use,  kitchen;  texture,  crisp,  dry;  quality,  3. 


PEARS.  163 

Kemarks. — Considered  unworthy  of  cultivation  by  A. 
H.  Eriist,  who  has  paid  great  attention  to  pears,  and  has*' 
had  a  larger  variety  growing  at  Spring  Garden  Nursery, 
than  any  other  person  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cincinnati. 

Hampden's  Bergamot.  Color,  green  at  first,  yellow  at 
maturity,  with  small  dots,  and  a  few  greenish  specks, 
so'netimes,  in  the  shade;  size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  2; 
season,  August,  sometimes  July. 

Kemarks. — A  beautiful  fruit ;  approaches,  at  times, 
near  to  the  attraction  of  tlie  Bartlett,  but  inferior  in  fla- 
vor to  it,  and  not  near  so  buttery,  but  breaking  in  texture. 

Haddington.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  ovate,  obo- 
vato  pyriform;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  aroma- 
tic; quality,  2;  season,  Winter. 

Remarks. — From  the  seed  of  the  Pound  Pear.  Tree, 
vigorous  and  productive. 

Hacon's  Incomparable.  Color,  dull  yellowish  green ; 
form,  round,  obtuse  pyriform;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table; 
texture,  buttery,  melting,  sugary;  quality,  2;  season, 
September  and  October. 

Remarks. — Hardj^,  productive;  deserving  of  attention. 

Hagerman.  Color,  yellow;  form,  roundish;  size,  ?>; 
use,  dessert;  texture,  juicy,  sugary;  qualitj^,  2;  season, 
August  and  September. 

Remarks. — From  Flushing,  New  York. 

Hanover.      Color,  green  ;  form,  round  obovate ;  size, 
3  to  2  ;  use,  table;  texture,  melting  ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — Hanover  Furnace,  New  Jersey. 

Hanners.     Color,  5-ellowish  green  :  form,  oblate  ;  size. 


164  .        WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  juicy,  vinous  ;  quality, -2 , 
■"■  season,  August  and  September.     Origin  uncertain. 

Harrison's  Large  Fall.     Form,  flat  at  blossom  end ; 
size,  2 ;  use,  baking ;  texture,  crisp  ;  season,  September. 
Eemarks. — Fall  Baking  of  Coxe. 

Harvard.  Form,  oblate  pyriform  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table ; 
texture,  white,  juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — From  Cambridge,  Mass.  Tree  hardy,  vig- 
orous, upright,  productive.     Fruit  liable  to  decay  at  core. 

Ilatlveau. 

Eemarks. — A  very  small  pear,  pointed  toward  the 
stem ;  the  blossom  end  flat ;  the  skin  is  clear  yellow,  the 
flesh  is  of  a  yellowish  cast,  somewhat  spicy,  but  without 
much  juice  or  flavor.  It  is  a  very  great  bearer;  the  time 
of  ri^^ening  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  July.  Author- 
ity, Coxe,  of  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  an  eminent  practi- 
cal Pomologist. 

Ilai/el,  of  HesscIL  Color,  greenish  yellow;  size,  2;  use, 
kitchen  ;  quality,  3  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — '•  Flesh  sweet;  rough^  and  astringent,  how- 
ever.    Unworthy." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

Henrietta.  Color,  dull  yellow  ;  form^  obovate,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp,  melting, 
juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Of  American  origin — JSTew  Haven^  Conn. 
Tree  vigorous,  hardy,  productive. 

Henkel.  Color,  dull  yellow,  russety  ;  form,  obovate ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  crisp,  juicy,  vinous ;  quality, 
2;  season,  September. 


PEARS.  165 

Remarks. — Foreign.  Tree  fine  grower;  early  and  pro- 
ductive bearer  on  pear  roots.    Valuable  for  orcharding. 

Hericart.  Color,  pale  greenish  yellow;  form,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp,  juicy ;  sea- 
son, August  and  September. 

Jlessel.     Unworthy  of  culture. 

HEATHCOT  (Gore's).  Color,  greenish  yellow,  skin 
rough;  form,  obovate,  rounded;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table; 
texture,  melting,  butter}^,  juicy;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — From  Waltham,  Mass.  Xot  much  known, 
but  very  deserving.  Tree  hardy,  branches  slender.  A 
very  fine  pear.  Tree  thrifty,  pyriform.  Holds  its  leaves 
well.  Productive  when  old  enough,  and  xevy  good. 
Medial,  juicy,  but  not  rich.  We  know  of  no  fruit  that 
varies  in  quality  more  than  the  pear ;  for,  while  some  of 
the  kinds  are  so  unpalatable  as  not  only  to  be  refused  by 
the  swine,  but  even  rejected  by  ravenous  boys,  others  are 
of  so  delicious  a  flavor  that  we  see  most  of  the  Autumnal 
fruits  give  place  to  them.  A  bad  pear  is  injurious  to 
health,  and  brings  a  poor  price  in  the  market,  while  a 
rich,  melting  pear,  is  eagerly  sought  after  at  a  large  price  ; 
and  we  never  recollect  of  any  person  being  injured  by 
eating  such  fruit.  Those,  therefore,  who  have  discovered 
their  trees  to  produce  a  worthless  fruit,  should  lose  no 
time  in  grafting  them  with  a  known  good  variety,  that 
both  themselv(>s  and  future  generations  may  be  benefited. 

Holland  Green,  or  Holland  Talk.  Color,  green,  with 
small  spots ;  form,  irregular  ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  use,  table  ;  tex- 
ture, juicy  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks.  — ■  Tree  a  strong  and  vigorous,  with  long 
branches  ;  foliage  luxuriant.     It  is  a  great  and  uniform 


166  WESTERN    JRUIT     BOOK. 

bearer.     Imported  from  Holland  by  Wm.  Clifton,  of  Phil- 
adelj^hia. 

Holland  Bergamotte,  Color,  brown,  with  spots  ;  form, 
fiat  at  crown ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting  ;  qual- 
ity, 2;  season,  \Yinter.  "  Good  and  juicy." — Horticultural 
Exiiihitlon,  1855,  hy  the  Fruit  Committee. 

HONEY.    Color,  rich  golden  russet ;  form,  round,  taper- 
ing; size,  3;  use  table;  quality,  1  ;  season,  August. 
Eemarks. — Delicious.  Season  a  little  before  theBartlett. 

HO\yELL.  Form,  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ; 
texture,  juicy ;  quality,  1  ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  most  beautiful  in  cultivation. 
Flesh,  melting  and  juicy;  flavor,  rich,  slightly  acidulous, 
with  a  delicate  aroma. —  Wilder,  iv.  Horticulturist. 

Hvguenot.     Unworthy. 

Hull.  Color,  yellowish  green,  with  some  dull  red  and 
russet;  form,  obovate ;  size,  2;  texture,  white,  a  little 
coarse,  gritty  at  core ;  quality.  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Tree  upright  and  strong. 

Inconnue  Yan  Mons.  Color,  pale  green ;  form,  oblate 
P3'riform  ;  size,  2 :  use,  table ;  texture,  melting ;  quality, 
2 ;  season,  Vv'inter. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  Best  on  Quince.  Flesh,  melting, 
buttery,  and  fine ;  flavor,  pleasant,  good,  resembling  a 
little  the  Glout  Morceau. —  Col.  Wilder^  Horticulturist. 

Jaminette.  Color,  green,  with  russet  dots  ;  form,  obo- 
vate, obtuse,  pyriform;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  juic}', 
sugary;  quality,  2;  season,  November  and  December. 


PEARS.  167 

Eemarks. — Of  foreign  origin.  Tree  vigorous.  IsFot  an 
early  bearer.     Fruit  a  little  gritty  at  core. 

Jargonelle  English.  Color,  light  green  ;  form,  long  neck  ; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  3;  season,  July 
and  August. 

Eemarks.  —  Should  be  picked  a  little  time  before 
fully  ripe,  or  it  will  soon  rot  at  core  on  the  tree,  and  fall. 
U^Don  the  whole,  it  may  be  called  unworthy.  Exhibited 
by  T.  V.  Petticolas,  and  the  author,  at  the  same  time, 
July,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  reported,  "  This  fruit  is  not 
much  admired;  though,  when  eaten  just  in  the  nick  of 
time  before  it  is  too  ripe,  tolerably  good.  It  soon  rots  at 
the  core."  If  picked  before  ripe,  and  kept  a  day  or  two, 
is  not  so  very  bad.     Bears  well  on  the  quince. 

Jargonelle  French.     Of  still  less  value. 

Jalousie.  Color,  of  the  deepest  russet,  ruddy  in  the 
sun,  and  curiously  inarked  with  lighter  colored  specks,  a 
little  raised ;  form,  varying  from  roundish  to  obovate,  and 
more  frequently  pyriform ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  dessert; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  Se2)tember. 

Remarks. — It  is  only  of  second-rate  flavor,  and  soon 
rots  at  the  core.  An  unique-looking  old  Freuch  pear. 
Exhibited  by  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  reported  by  Fruit  Com- 
mittee, "Pretty  good." 

JALOUSIE  DE  FONTEXAY  YEjSTDEE.  Color,  dull 
yellow  and  green,  with  russet  patches  and  dots,  and  with 
a  red  cheek ;  form,  turbinate,  or  obtuse  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ; 
texture,  white,  buttery,  melting,  with  a  rich  flavored  juice  ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October.  It  gives  gen- 
eral satisfaction.  Fine,  grown  on  quince  ;  inclined  to 
overbear..    "  Very  good." — Fruit   Committee  Report,  1855. 


168  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Jamlnette.     Only  "good."     Fruit  above  medium. 

Jean  de  Witte.  Color,  pale  yellow ;  form,  obovate ; 
size,  1  to  2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  juicy,  vinous; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  December. 

Eemarks.  —  One  of  Yan  Mons.  Tree  of  moderate 
growth. 

Jersey  Gratiole.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form, round- 
ish oblate,  obovate,  angular ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
.  white,  crisp,  sugary,  vinous;  quality,  2;  season,  Sept. 

Eemarks. — Tree  moderately  vigorous.  Great  bearer. 
Succeeds  on  quince.  Described  and  commended  in  Hovey's 
3Iagazine. 

JoHONNOT.  Size,  2  to  3 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp,  a 
little  melting,  juicy  ;  qualit}",  2;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — An  Eastern  fruit,  from  Massachusetts.  Tree 
moderately  health}'.     Productive  in  the  Western  soils. 

Josephine  de  Mallncs.  Color,  yellow,  russety ;  form, 
roundish  obovate  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  melt- 
ing, vinous;  quality,  1;  season,  November  and  December. 

Eemarks. — Xot  an  early  bearer.  Best  on  pear.  To 
render  trees  more  fruitful,  the  author  has  witnessed  the 
advantage  of  taking  off  a  ring  of  bark  from  the  branches 
of  unfruitful  pear  trees,  and  he  has  no  hesitation  in  advis- 
ing the  practice,  as  it  has  not  been  found  to  injure  the 
trees  so  operated  upon,  on  which  it  has  been  repeated  for 
several  successive  years.  But  it  should  be  performed  on 
branches  that  are  not  exposed  to  the  full  rays  of  our  fer- 
vent sun.  Many  persons  object  to  the  experiment,  fearing 
to  injure  the  branches ;  but  what  is  the  value  of  unpro- 
ductive limbs.  The  author  has  seen,  in  the  month  of  May, 
a  ring  taken  off  of  the  bark  of  two  principal  .branches. 


PEARS.  169 

the  one  extending  east  and  the  other  west.  In  the  follow- 
ing Spring,  these  two  branches  Avere  covered  with  flowers, 
although  no  other  part  of  the  tree  gave  out  a  single  blos- 
som. The  author  saw  this  tree  in  the  Fall,  and  counted 
thirty-nine  fine  grown  pears  on  one  of  the  ringed 
branches.  Some  gardeners  have  regarded  the  plan  as 
being  unnatural,  as  if  it  was  more  unnatural  to  make  a 
tree  fruitful  bv  checking  the  circulation  of  the  sap,  than 
to  make  it  productive  by  grafting. 

JULIENNE,  or  L'Archduc  B'Ete  of  Coxe,  sometimes 
called  Summer  Beurre.  Color,  brownish  yellow;  form, 
roundish;  size,  2;  use,  dessert;  texture,  juicy;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  August,  sometimes  July. 

Eemarks. — Larger  than  Bloodgood,  or  Dearborn.  Bears 
in  three  years  on  its  own  stock.  Exhibited  at  the  Cincin- 
nati Horticultural  Rooms  by  many  members  during  the 
season.  Fruit  Committee  report,  it  "  A  first-rate  Summer 
fruit."  Very  good,  if  house  ripened,  equal  to  Doyenne 
Gris,  the  Brown  Buerre  of  Coxe.  One  of  the  best 
early  pears.  Bears  young  and  abundantly,  on  alternate 
years.  The  tree  is  of  singular  growth,  the  branches 
long  and  bending,  with  large  swellings  at  the  extremities. 
The  wood  of  a  lively  yellow  brown.  It  is  sometimes 
several  weeks  in  perfection.  It  bears  young  and  most 
abundantly.  It  is  called  by  some  the  butter  pear  of  Sum- 
mer. It  should  be  gathered  before  fully  ripe,  and  kept  a 
few  days  in  the  house,  as  before  observed. 

KINGSESSINGr.  Form,  obovate,  sometimes  obtuse ; 
size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery;  quality,  1;  season, 
August. 

Eemarks. — From   near   Philadelphia.      Not   an    early 
])earer.     Requires  double  working  on  quince. 
15 


170  weste'bn  fruit   book. 

King  Edward's,  Color,  yellow ;  form,  pyriform  ;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  Octo- 
ber. 

KiRTLAND  Pear.  Color,  crimson  russet;  form,  globu- 
lar, ovate;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  1; 
season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Eaised  by  Dr.  Kirtland,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
a  good  pomologist,  a  man  of  very  scientific  attainments, 
and  of  versatile  talents.  Texture,  fine,  melting,  juicy  and 
rich.  Flavor,  aromatic,  sweet,  and  in  the  highest  degree 
delicious.  Tree,  hardy  and  productive.  Obtained  from 
the  seed  of  Seckel.  Dr.  Kirtland  has  been  most  success- 
ful in  raising:  verv  valuable  and  delicious  cherries  from 
the  seed  (which  will  be  noticed  in  their  proper  place),  as 
well  as  some  other  fine  seedling  fruits.  He  is  always  in- 
defatigable in  the  pursuits  of  horticulture  and  science. 

Knights  Monarch.  Color,  yellowish  brown ;  form, 
obovate  oblate  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  juicy; 
quality,  1  ;  season,  December. 

Eemarks. — Of  a  somewhat  musky  flavor.  Eequires 
high  cultivation.  Eather  similar  in  shape  to  the  Flemish 
Beauty,  or  Belle  de  Flandres,  but  a  little  larger.  This  is 
the  fruit,  some  spurious  trees  of  which  Mr.  Knight  having 
been  the  means  of  distributing,  he  stated  that  he  would 
have  rather  lost  ten  thousand  pounds  than  have  done  so. 

Knight's  Seedling.  Color,  j-ellowish  green,  with  a 
brownish  red  cheek ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy, 
sweet;  quality,  1;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — From  Cranstown,  Ehode  Island.  "  A  beau- 
tiful and  excellent  fruit." — A.  H.  Ernst  Tree  vigorous 
and  early  productive. 


PEARS.  171 

La  Juive.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  pyriform ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  buttery,  juicy;  quality,  2;  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.     Described  in  Hovey's  Magazine. 

Large  Summer  Bergamot,  see  Summer  Bergamot. 

Las  Canas.  Color,  pale  yellow  ;  form,  pyriform  ;  size, 
2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  sugary;  quality,  1;  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — Of  French  origin.  Tree,  vigorous,  and  an 
early  bearer. 

Laherard.  Color,  lemon  yellow  ;  form,  obtuse  pyri- 
form;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  white;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Succeeds  on  quince.  Described  by  Wilder 
in  Horticidtin'ist. 

LAWEENCE.  Color,  dull  pale  yellow  ;  form,  obovate, 
obtuse  at  stem ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  melt- 
ing; quality,  1;  season,  October  to  February. 

Eeim^arks. — Eecommended  by  Ohio  Pomological  Society 
for  general  cultivation.  Yery  good.  Tree  rather  thorny. 
S.  B.  Parsons  says  it  succeeds  well  on  the  quince.  A  lit- 
tle gritty  at  core.  Slightly  sugary.  A  great  and  early 
bearer.  A  good  keeper — till  Christmas.  Eetains  its  fine 
juicy  quality,  and  does  not  shrivel  in  ripening. 

L'EcHASSERiE.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  oval ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  melting,  vinous;  quality,  2;  season, 
November  to  January. 

Eemarks. — A  pretty  good  pear,  although  rather  too 
small  —  which  is  a  fault,  particularly  for  market.  We 
would  not  recommend  it. 


172  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK 

LE  CURE,  see  Vicai-  of  Wmkjield^  Monsieur  Le  Cure^  or 
Clion.  A  pear  very  profitable  for  market  —  productive 
and  early. 

Little  3fuscat.  Color,  yellow,  with  a  dull  red  cheek; 
form,  turbinate;  size,  4  (very  small)  ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
breaking,  sweet,  with  a  slight  musk  flavor  ;  qualit}^,  2  to 
3;  season,  July,  sometimes  even  June. 

Remarks. — French.  It  is  the  earliest  of  j^ears,  and 
that  is  its  chief  merit.  It  bears  most  enormously,  in 
clusters.  It  is  only  passably  good.  Can  be  sold  by  the 
quart  at  eight  or  nine  dollars  per  bushel.  It  is  very 
common  to  see  it  on  the  same  stall  with  cherries.  Trees 
very  handsome,  of  fine  pyramidal  growth,  and  hardy. 

Locke.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form,  round  obovate; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  vinous;  quality,  2  ;  sea- 
son, October. 

Remarks. — American — West  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Long  Green.  Color,  green,  dark  gray  spots ;  form, 
oblate,  ovate  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melt- 
ing ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Remarks. — An  old  foreign  variety ;  always  very  good, 
and  an  abundant  bearer. 

LOUISE  EONNE  DE  JERSEY.  Color,  smooth  and 
glossy,  green  in  shade,  brownish  red  in  sun,  dotted  with 
gray  dots  ;  form,  oblong  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  texture,  white, 
juicy,  melting,  and  delicious;  quality,  1 ;  season,  Septem- 
ber and  October. 

Remarks. — One  of  the  best  and  most  productive  large 
pears.  Best  on  quince.  From  the  Island  of  Jersey.  Tree 
hardy,  very  productive,  and  very  early  in  bearing.  Fruit 
rather  variable  in  quality.     Shoots  vigorous.     Fruit  of 


PEARS.  173 

nearly  the  first  order  of  merit;  very  good,  but  does  not 
grow  large  enough  here  ;  still  it  is  a  good  market  fruit. 
Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey  just  suits  the  quince,  and  bears 
moderately,  and  not  too  much  to  shorten  a  great  deal  the 
life  of  the  tree.  ^ 

Louis  Phillipe. 

Remarks. — The  tree  came  from  England.  It  is  a  great 
bearer;  not  quite  so  large  as  the  Bartlett,  but  nearly  as 
good.  Comes  in  later.  Most  of  our  best  pears,  except 
our  native,  are  from  England  and  France.  The  apples 
are  more  our  own  ;  nine-tenths  of  American  apples  are 
native  ;  three-fourths  of  the  pears  we  cultivate  are  for- 
eign. American  fruits  will  prove  the  hardiest  for  culti- 
vation, even  if  the  fruit  from  them  is  not  so  good.  Pears 
are  more  of  an  exotic  luxury  with  us  than  apples ;  they 
are  altogether  the  more  difficult  for  us  in  the  West  to 
raise  than  apples  and  other  fruits.  We  can  not  expect 
but  to  have  difficulties  with  pears  on  the  quince,  as  we 
have  had,  and  still,  to  some  extent,  suffer,  and  j^robably 
shall  still  be  subject  to,  with  standard  pears.  Our  cli- 
mate is  more  dry  than  those  States  on  the  Atlantic 
border.     The  pear  delights  in  moisture. 

Lodge.  Color,  yellow;  form  varies;  size,  2;  use,  table; 
texture,  juicy,  melting,  a  little  gritty;  quality,  2;  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — Native  born — from  Philadelphia.  Requires 
a  rich,  warm,  sandy  soil. 

MADELEINE,  Citron  des  Carmes,  or  Green  Chisel  Color, 
green  ;  form,  obovate  oblate ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  texture, 
buttery ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — A  uniform  bearer.  The  fruit  is  slightly 
acid,  but  delightful.     One  of  the  very  best  early  pears ; 


174  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

productive  ;  growth  too  upright.  Taste,  when  not  too 
ripe,  sugary.  This  pear  Mr.  Prince  calls  Chaumontel. 
It  does  well  either  on  pear  or  quince  stocks.  There  is  a 
striped  Madeleine,  Citron  des  Carmes  Panachee  (which 
see),  which  differs  from  the  above  in  being  striped  with 
light  yellow :  inferior  in  flavor.  The  Madeleine  is  not 
very  vigorous  in  growth,  but  sufficiently  so  to  do  well. 

Manning's  Elizabeth.     See  Elizabeth. 

Marie  Louise.  Color,  dull  green  ;  form,  oblate  pyriform  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  butter}',  melting,  vinous,  juicy; 
quality,  2  to  3 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Kemarks. — Fruit  Committee  reported  this  fruit  rather 
inferior  at  the  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855.  It  is  only 
passable,  and  hardly  that.  Tree  vigorous,  hardy,  and 
productive. 

March  Bergamotte.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  obo- 
vate  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  gritty  at  core ; 
season,  March. 

Eemarks. — Poor.  It  is  difficult  to  keep  Winter  pears 
in  this  climate,  owing  partly  to  its  great  irregularity,  and 
partly  to  the  want  of  preparation  for  the  purpose ;  also, 
fruit  in  general  is  not  sufficiently  tenderl}^  handled  in  the 
gathering.  The  slightest  bruise  is  calculated  to  rupture 
the  cells  and  break  the  fine  tissue.  It  is  not  easy  to  main- 
tain the  right  temperature.  This  can  only  be  surely  and 
effectually  accomplished  by  building  fruit  houses  for  the 
exj)ress  purpose.     See  Schooley's  Patent. 

Martin  Sec.  Color,  yellow  ;  form,  obovate,  angular  ; 
size;  2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  juicy;  quality,  2; 
season.  Winter. 

Eemarks. — A  foreigner. 


PKARS,  175 

Marechal  de  la  Cour.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
oblate  pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting, 
juicy,  vinous;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — An  adopted  citizen.  Tree  vigorous.  De- 
scribed in  Hovey's  Magazine. 

Marie  Louise  Nova.     Unworthy. 

MELLA  DE  WATEELOO.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  rich,  and  juicy ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  October. 

Remarks. — "A  new  pear  of  great  excellence."-— J. //. 

Ernst. 

Merriam.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  round ;  size,  1  ;  use. 
table;  texture,  crisj),  juicy,  sugary;  quality,  2:  season, 
September. 

Eemarks. — From  Eoxbury,  Massachusetts.  Described, 
and  favorably,  in  Hoveys  Magazine. 

Merveille  d'Hiver,  or  The  Wonder  of  Winter.  Color, 
dull  green,  with  russet  spots ;  form,  irregular ;  size,  3  to 
2;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  luscious;  quality,  2;  sea- 
son, December. 

Eemarks. — Destitute  of  beauty,  but  otherwise  pretty 
good.     Eye,  very  singular,  frequently  w^ithout  any  crow^n. 

Messire  Jean.  Color,  yellow,  with  some  russet ;  form, 
round  at  blossom  end,  small  at  stem;  size,  2  ;  use,  table; 
texture,  juicy ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  and  ISTovember 
to  December. 

Eemarks. — Excellent  Winter  pear.  In  the  possession 
of  A.  Worthington,  who  thinks  well  of  it.  Not  very  rich 
or  high  flavored.  On  young  trees  it  sometimes  grows 
large.     Flesh,  rather  coarse,  and  sprightly. 


176  .  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

MiLLOT  DE  Nancy.  Color,  i^ale  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
obovate  pjriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy, 
sugary ;  q[uality,  2  ;  season,  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  very  vigorous,  of  rapid  growth,  and 
productive.     Wilder,  in  Horticulturist. 

Moon's  Pound.  Color,  lemon  yellow ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
kitchen;  texture,  melting,  juicy ;   quality.  1;  season,  Dec. 

Eemarks. — Exhibited  by  A.  H.  Ernst,  at  the  rooms 
of  the  Horticultural  Socict}',  August  21,  1855.  Fruit 
Committee  report  it,  "  A  very  good  pear."  '•  Yery  tender, 
and  abounding  in  pleasant  juice.  May  prove  a  fine  fruit." 
— A.  H.  Ernst.  Valuable  for  cooking,  and  a  profitable 
orchard  fruit. 

Michaux.     UnAvorthy. 

Mitchell's  Russet. 

Eemarks. — A  seedling  from  the  Seckel ;  resembling  it 
in  every  respect,  but  of  larger  size.  Origin,  Belleville, 
Illinois.     Fruits  of  Missouri,  by  Thos.   Allen,  of  St.  Louis. 

Moor  FowVs  Egg. 

Eemarks. — Unprofitable,  and,  therefore,  unworthy. 

MONSIEUE  LE  CUEE.     See  Vicar  of  Winhfield. 

Mollett's  Guernsey  Beurre,  or  ChaumonteUe.  Color, 
yellowish  green,  with  dusky  brown,  some  russet  in  the 
sun;  size,  2;  use,  table ;  texture,  yellowish,  melting,  vin- 
ous ;  season,  October  and  November. 

Eemarks.  —  "Yery  good."  —  Elliott's  American  Fruit 
Grower  s  Guide. 

MoccAS.      Color,  greenish   yellow,  brownish  cheek  in 


/ 


PEARS.  177 

sun,  some  russet  specks;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  yel- 
lowish, melting,  juicy ;  season,  December. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  very  vigorous,  growth  very  quick  and 
prolific. 

Muscat  Allemande,  or  German  Muscat.  Color,  green ; 
form,  blossom  end  wide  and  flat ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, rich  and  buttery ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  October. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  yellow.  It  is  a  good  pear.  From 
France. 

Muscat  Robert,  or  Little  Muscat.  See  Little  Muscat.  A 
small  pear,  very  early,  and  very  poor  when  too  ripe.  If 
it  is  not  too  ripe,  it  is  rather  pleasant.  It  ripens  from  the 
Ast  to  the  10th  of  July. 

MOYAMENSINa  (Smith's).  Color,  lemon  yellow,  with 
yellowish  russet;  form,  round,  obovate ;  size,  2;  texture, 
melting,  buttery;  quality,  1;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — A  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Tree,  vigorous, 
wood  yellowish  brown,  with  light  dots.  A  regular  and 
abundant  bearer. 

Muscadine.  Color,  yellowish  green ;  form,  round  obo- 
vate ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white,  buttery,  melting; 
season,  August. 

Remarks. — Not  prolific.     A  native  American. 

Musk,  Summer  Bon  Chretien,  or  Large  Sugar.  See 
Summer  Bon  Chretien.  "  An  old,  and  once  good  variety, 
but  now  not  very  worthy." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

jSTAPOLEOK.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  obtuse 
pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  juicy ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  September. 


178  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Very  fine,  large,  juicy,  vinous, 
hardy,  and  thrifty.  Tree,  vigorous.  Fine  on  quince. 
Productive.  Good  for  market  in  every  respect.  Deserves 
general  cultivation.  Bears  young  and  regularly,  and  is 
good  and  large  enough. 

Naumheag.     Unworthy. 

!N"iELL  d'Hiver. 

Eemarks. — "  Pretty  good,  rather  harsh,  and  rough." — 
Fruit  Committee  Report,  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1855. 

Ne  Pius  Meuris.  Color,  dull  yellowish  brown ;  form, 
roundish;  size,  2  to  3;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery,  melt- 
ing, with  a  sugary  and  very  agreeable  flavor ;  quality,  2; 
season,  end  of  Fall  into  Winter. 

Eemarks. — Keeps  well,  under  proper  care  and  advan 
tages.     Its  appearance  is  unprepossessing,  and  uneven. 
Belgian. 

Nbuveau  Poiteau.  Color,  pale  green,  dark  green  spots; 
form,  obovate,  obtuse  pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  tex- 
ture, juicy,  melting,  rich,  aromatic;  quality,  2;  season, 
October. 

Eemarks. — "Flesh,  melting  and  juicy;  flavor,  rich, 
sweet  and  delicious,  with  melon-like  aroma.  Medium 
fruit."  Described  by  Colonel  Wilder,  who  considers  it 
"an  acquisition."  Said  to  be,  by  many,  a  good  Win- 
ter pear. 

OKONDAGO,  see  Swan's  Orange,  one  of  the  very  best. 
Deemed  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Ernst  very  fine.  Sometimes  twelve 
nches  in  circumference. 

Orange  M^squee,  or  Mush  Orange.    Color,  greenish  yellow  ; 


PEARS.  179 

form,  round  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality, 
3 ;  season,  Jul3\  and  sometimes  August. 
Bemarks. — Uncommonlv  subject  to  rot. 

OSWEGO  EEUEEE,  see  Beurre  Oswego.  Color,  dull 
yellowish  green,  with  niarblings  and  patches  of  russet ; 
form,  ovate  obovate,  or  obovate  rounded  ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
table;  texture,  melting,  juicy,  sub-acid,  sprightly;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Bears  early  on  quince  or  pear  roots.  Amer- 
ican origin.     "  Rather  acid." — ,/.  B.  Eaton,  Buffalo. 

OSBOEN. 

Remarks. — Fruit  small,  ovate,  pyriforra,  greenish  yel- 
low;  stem  about  one  inch  long,  set  with  two  or  more 
fleshy  ridges  at  base.  Flesh,  white,  tender,  juicy,  sweet, 
ver}^  little  astringent.  A  very  good  Summer  pear.  In- 
troduced first  to  notice  here  by  A.  II.  Ernst. 

OTT  PEAR.  Form,  rounded;  size,  3;  use,  table;  tex- 
ture, juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — Flavor  aromatic,  rich  and  sweet.  Described 
by  Dr.  Brinckle  in  Horticulturist,  Philadelphia.  Seedling 
from  the  Seckel,  and  hardy  and  healthy  like  the  parent 
tree.  Best,  also,  like  it,  grafted  on  the  apple,  leaving 
part  of  the  branches  of  the  stock  or  apple  to  grow.  This 
plan  gives  great  size  and  healthy  development  to  the 
fruit,  as  advised  by  Mr.  Sleath,  formerly  the  very  expe- 
rienced and  scientific  pioneer  gardener  of  Cincinnati  and 
IST.  Longworth,  and  who  did  much  here  for  horticulture, 
at  an  early  day.  By  this  mode  the  too  strong  tendency 
of  the  Seckel  to  grow  to  too  much  wood,  is  checked. 

Orange  Bergamot.  Color,  yellow ;  form,  flat  at  blossom 


180  WESTERN  FRUIT  BOOK. 

end ;  size,  1 ;  use,  baking ;  texture,  crisp  ;  quality,  2 ;  sea- 
son, September. 

Eemarks. — "  Only  fit  for  baking." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

Panachee,  see  Yerte  Longue. 

Paddington,  or  Easter  Bergamot.  Color,  green  ;  form, 
round;  size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  sprightly,  crisp,  juicy, 
and  melting  at  maturity;  quality,  2  ;  season,  January  to 
February. 

Eemarks. — A  little  acid.  It  is  inferior  to  the  Easter 
Beurre  for  eating,  but  worthy  of  cultivation.  Stem  short 
and  thick. 

Passe  Colmar,  with  about  twenty  synonymes.  Color, 
yellowish  green,  becoming  yellow  at  maturity,  sprinkled 
with  light  brown  russet ;  form,  oblate,  obovate,  obtuse 
pyriform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  sugary ; 
quality,  2,  sometimes  1 ;  season.  Winter. 

Remarks. — Uncertain  in  quality  at  the  West.  Slender 
wood,  thrifty.  Mr.  Buchanan  tells  us  to  be  j^atient  with 
it,  and  we  shall  be  repaid.  There  have  been  brought  to 
the  Horticultural  Society,  occasionally,  a  few  good  speci- 
mens. The  tree  requires  high  culture,  severe  pruning, 
and  great  care,  being  too  luxuriant  in  growth. 

Payency.  Color,  dull  pale  green,  with  patches  of 
russet,  yellowish  at  maturity ;  form,  pyriform ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  sugary,  melting;  quality,  2; 
season,  September. 

Remarks. — Tree  of  vigorous  growth,  early  bearer,  and 
particularly  profitable  on  the  quince. 

PETRE.      Color,  pale  yellow;    form,   oblate,   obovate 


PEARS.  181 

pyriform  ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  but- 
tery, juicy;  quality,!;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — From  Bar  tram's  Botanic  Garden,  Philadel- 
phia.    Tree  moderate  grower. 

Pendleton.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  obovate, 
obtuse  pyriform;  size,  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  tart,  sugary; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — American — Connecticut.  Described  favor- 
ably in  Hovey^s  Magazine. 

Pennsylvania.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form,  obovate 
pyriform,  irregular ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  crisp, 
buttery,  juicy ;  quality,  2;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — American.  Tree,  vigorous,  hardy  and  mode- 
rately productive.     "A  prett}^  good  pear." — Dr.  Warder. 

Fitfs  Prolific.     Unworthy. 

Plombgastel.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  red  in  sun  ;  form, 
ovate  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  juicy ; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Tree  vigorous.     Succeeds  on  quince. 

Poire  d'Albert.  Form,  pyramidal,  angular ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  white,  crisp,  melting,  juicy;  season, 
September. 

Remarks. — Tree,  vigorous,  and  productive  on  pear. 
Described  in  Hovey's  Magazine. 

Poire  de  Jardin^  or  Garden  Pear.  Color,  yellow ;  form, 
long  and  flat;  size,  1  ;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy ;  quality, 
2 ;  season,  October. 

Pope's  Scarlet  Major.     Unworthy ;  poor. 


182  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Pope^s  Quaker.     Unprofitable  ;    indifferent ;  poor. 

Pound.  Color,  greenish  brown  ;  form,  regular ;  size,  1 ; 
use,  baking;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,!;  season,  Winter ; 
keeper,  well  and  long. 

Remarks. — Weighs  sometimes  from  twenty-six  to 
twenty-eight  ounces.  Tree,  very  vigorous,  and  large,  and 
hardy.  •'  Productive  and  hardy,  keeps  well,  but  good  only 
to  sell." — Fndt  Committee  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society. 

Pound,  Moon's.     See  Moon's  Pound. 

Princess  of  Orange,     Not  worth  notice. 

PEATT.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  obovate  P3^ri- 
form  ;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  melting,  juicy ;  quality, 
1 ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — From  Rhode  Island.  Tree,  vigorous,  and 
productive  on  pear. 

Prince's  St.  Germain.  Color,  green,  and  pale  yellow, 
marbled  ;  form,  oblate,  obovate  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use, 
table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  2;  season,  November  to 
February. 

Remarks. — Fine,  juicy,  Christmas  pear.  From  the 
seed  of  the  old  St.  Germain,  nearly  fifty  years  since,  at 
the  Princes'  Nurseries,  Flushing,  Long  Island.  Tree, 
hardy,  thrifty,  very  productive.  Fruit,  keeps  well,  and 
requires  no  more  care  to  ripen,  than  apples  (a  rare  thing). 
Shoots,  reddish  brown. 

PuLSiFER.  Color,  yellow;  form,  pyriform,  obtuse  ;  size, 
3  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white,  melting,  juicy;  qualit}^,  1  ; 
season,  August. 

Remarks. — Native  to  the  soil.     Tree  vigorous. 


PEARS.  183 

Queen  of  the  Low  Countries.  Color,  dull  yellow; 
form,  obovate,  acuto  pyriform ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, buttery,  melting,  juicy ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Remarks. — Not  a  great  bearer  in  the  West. 

Qidllefette.     Unworth}^ ;  poor. 

Eallay.  Color,  yellow;  form,  globular,  acute  pyri- 
form ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  gritty  at  core ; 
quality,  2  ;  season.  Winter. 

Remarks. — Ellwanger  &  Barry. 

Raymond.     Unworthy  of  notice. 

Bed  Bergamot.  Color,  yellow,  with  much  red  to  sun  ; 
form,  round  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  baking ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality, 
2  ;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — Tree,  of  vigorous  growth,  and  large  size.  It 
does  not  bear  while  young,  but  when  more  advanced  is  a 
great  bearer.     "  Only  for  baking." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

Reading.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  dots ;  form, 
pyriform,  tapering  to  crown  ;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table;  tex- 
ture, sprightly,  vinous;  quality,  2;  season,  January  to 
March  (maturity). 

Remarks.  —  "  Good."  —  Dowyiings  Horticulturist^  New 
York.  From  Philadelphia.  Young  shoots,  tender,  yel- 
lowish olive  ;  old  wood,  gray  olive. 

Reine  Caroline.  Color,  yellowish  green,  becoming 
yellow  at  maturity,  with  a  rich,  brownish  red  cheek; 
form,  narrow  pyriform  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  cooking  only ;  tex- 
ture, dry  and  poor  ;  quality,  3 ;  season,  August. 

Remarks. — It  bears  abundantly.     Nearly  worthless. 


184  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Heine  des  Poires.  Not  suited  to  our  soil  and  climate. 
Worthless  here. 

EoNDELET.  Color,  yellow,  with  russet  dots,  in  sun  red- 
dish ;  form,  obovate  ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  yellow- 
ish white,  buttery,  juicy,  sweetish,  and  aromatic  ;  quality, 
2  to  1 ;  season,  September. 

Bemarks. — Tree,  a  good  bearer,  ujH'ight,  suited  to 
orcharding.  "  Nearly  best." — From  good  judges  at  Cleve- 
land—  among  them  Dr.  Kirtland :  A.H.Ernst  does  not 
like  it.     (Specimens  of  the  same  fruit  will  differ.) 

Ropes.  Color,  russet  and  brown,  a  little  tinge  of  red 
in  sun ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  rather  coarse,  but 
melting;  quality,  2  to  3  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Name  of  a  gentleman  at  Salem,  Massachu- 
setts.    '•  Good." — From  authority  of  value. 

Eoss.  Color,  yellowish  green  and  russet ;  form,  obo- 
vate ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  rather  gritty  (this  does 
not  affect  ihQflavor)^  sweet,  juicy  ;  quality,  2  to  3  ;  season, 
Winter. 

Eemarks. — Tree,  of  great  vigor.  Fruit,  not  remarkably 
good,  but  classed  "  good  "  by  men  of  comj^etent  judgment. 

EoussELET  DE  Eheims.     Scc  Sjjicc,  Or  Musk. 

EOUSSELET  HATIF.  Color,  green,  with  russet  and 
red ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  delicious ;  quality,  1 ; 
season,  July. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  early  pears.  Early  Cathe- 
rine, of  Philadelphia.  Fine,  rich,  waxy,  and  luscious. 
Form,  like  a  calabash,  with  a  long  curved  neck,  and  a 
long  fleshy  stem.  The  skin  is,  on  one  side,  of  yellow,  the 
other,  a  rich  russet,  or  brownish  red.     The  tree  grows  to 


PEARS.  185 

a  large  size  before  it  bears  ;  it  is  then  very  fruitful.  The 
limbs  are  long,  and,  when  full  of  fruit,  hang  like  a  willow. 
This  pear  should  be  always  suffered  to  hang  on  the  tree 
till  ripe.  Coxe  is,  for  this,  our  best  authority,  as  for 
many  older  fruits  of  the  Middle  States,  when  we  have  not 
had  opportunity  of  testing  them  with  us,  on  the  ajDot.  This 
fruit  was  exhibited,  however,  by  our  indefatigable  friend, 
A.  H.  Ernst,  at  our  rooms,  and  at  the  Cincinnati  Horti- 
cultural Exhibition,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  consider  it 
"  an  excellent  pear." 

Rousselet  de  Meister.     Unworthy. 

Rousselet  Double  Esperln.  Color,  dull  greenish  yellow, 
with  cinnamon  russet ;  form,  obovatc,  acute  j^yriform  ; 
use,  table;  texture,  melting,  sprightly;  quality,  2  to  3; 
season,  September. 

Remarks. — "Very  good." — Wilder^  in  Ilortkidtunst. 

RosABiRNE.  Color,  russet,  on  dull  greenish  yellow 
uneven  surftxce  ;  form,  obovate,  acute  pyriform  ;  use,  table 
texture,  melting,  juicy,  brisk,  sub-acid  ;  quality,  2  to  1 
season,  September. 

Remarks. — "  Very  good,"  maybe  "best." — Col.  Wilder 
in  Downing  ;  and  other  Horticulturists. 

EoYALE  d'Hiver,  or  Winter  Royal.  Color,  yellow  and 
red  ;  form,  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting, 
sweet;  quality,  2;  season,  November  to  January. 

EOSTIEZEE.  Color,  dull  green  ;  form,  obtuse  pyri- 
form;  size,  3;  texture,  juicy,  melting;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
July  or  August. 

Remarks. — Fine  fruit,  rather   small,   delicious  flavor ; 
-productive. 
16 


186  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Salviate.  Color,  waxy  yellow;  form,  nearly  round; 
size,  2  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery ;  quality,  2 ;  season, 
July  or  August. 

Sheldon.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  some  russet ; 
form,  obovate,  acute  pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, melting,  juicy,  sugary,  gritty  at  core;  quality,  2 ; 
season,  Sej^tember. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  Tree  vigorous ;  tolerably  produc- 
tive. 

Sans  Peau,  or  Skinless.  Color,  pale  greenish  yellow ; 
form,  oblate  pyriform  ;  size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  white, 
juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July  or  August, 

Remarks. — A  high  flavored,  earl}-  fruit.  Exhibited  by 
R.  Buchanan,  at  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society 
Rooms. 

SECKEL.  Color,  yellowish  green,  with  red  cheek, 
smooth;  form,  regular ;  size,  2  ;  texture,  very  juicy,  very 
sweet,  and  delightfully  pleasant;  quality,  1 ;  season,  Au- 
gust, September,  and  October. 

Remarks. — From  Mr.  Seckel,  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
the  finest  pear  of  this  or  any  other  country.  A  native 
fruit,  "well  adapted  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F. 
G.  Carl/.  What  more  can  be  said  of  this  superlatively 
choice  fruit?  "  Best  grafted  on  the  apple  (a  singularity), 
reserving  part  of  the  apj^le  branches  to  give  large  size 
and  flavor."  So  says  Mr.  Gabriel  Sleath.  an  experienced 
horticulturist  and  cultivator,  and  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Cincinnati,  on  flowers  and  fruit,  with  Jas.  Howarth,  and, 
to  be  in  good  company,  may  I  be  permitted  to  add  the 
author  here.  Tree  very  vigorous  and  beautiful  on  its  own 
stock,  and  remarkably  hardy,  healthy,  and  luxuriant  in 
growth,  and  requires  on  its  own  stock  a  liberal  use  of  the 


PEARS.  187 

knife.  The  pear  tree  is  liable  to  be  much  injured,  if 
pruned  by  those  who  do  not  understand  the  nature  of  it. 
The  blossoms  are  commonly  produced  from  buds  at  the 
extremity  of  the  last  year's  shoots;  and,  as  these  are  often 
cut  oif  by  the  unskillful  pruner,  it  prevents  their  pro- 
ducing fruit,  and  causes  the  boughs  to  send  out  new 
branches,  which  encumber  the  tree  with  too  much  wood. 
The  vSummer  is  the  best  time  to  look  over  pear  trees,  and. 
to  remove  all  superfluous  and  interfering  shoots,  which 
would  too  much  shade  the  fruit,  although  in  this  climate 
they  will  stand  more  shade  than  in  the  north  of  Europe. 
If  this  be  carefully  done,  they  vriil  require  but  little 
pruning  in  the  Fall. — The  original  venerable  Seckel  pear 
tree  stands  in  a  meadow  in  Passyank  township,  less  than 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  to 
League  Island,  not  more  than  half  a  mile  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Schuylkill,  and  about  three  and  a  half  miles  from 
the  city  of  Philadelphia.  It  measures  six  feet  in  circum- 
ference one  foot  above  the  ground,  and  four  feet  nine 
inches  higher  up.  It  is  about  thirty  feet  high.  It  has  its 
usual  roundness.     It  is  now  in  a  great  state  of  decay. 

Seigneur  d'Esperin.  Color,  lemon  yellow ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  sweet,  pleasant;  quality,  1  to  2; 
season,  August  or  September. 

Remarks. — A  new,  beautiful,  and  very  superior  fruit. 
Tree,  a  health}-,  upright  grower. 

Sinclair's  Seedling. 

Remarks. — A  small,  but  excellent  fruit,  from  Balti- 
more, Maryland  ;  only  rather  liable  to  crack,  as  is  com- 
plained of  by  some  in  particular  situations,  in  the  White 
Doyenne  and  a  few  others; — unsuitable  soil  and  aspect 
probably  the  chief  causes.  Time  and  more  experience 
will  improve  these  things,  by  closer  attention. 


188  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Skinless.    See  Sans  Peau. 

Eemarks. — A  fruit  of  the  size  of  the  Early  Catherine ; 
skin  smooth  and  very  thin.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  with  a 
little  blush.  The  stem  is  long  and  small;  the  flesh  juicy 
and  breaking,  rather  than  melting ;  of  a  pleasant,  swee 
taste ;  very  attractive  to  wasps  and  bees,  the  thin  ski 
much  favoring  their  operations.  The  tree  and  foliage  are 
of  delicate  growth.  Season,  about  the  end  of  July,  or  a 
little  sooner  sometimes,  varying,  of  course,  like  other 
fruits,  according  to  the  seasons  in  our  latitude,  being 
sometimes  a  month  or  even  six  wrecks,  earlier  or  later. 
This  has  been  borne  in  mind  by  the  author  in  the  state- 
ments of  the  seasons  of  all  our  fruits.  We  are  also  about 
a  month  earlier  here  than  in  the  North  or  East ;  and  still 
earlier  than  in  the  North  of  Europe.  This  changes  their 
Winter  fruits  sometimes  into  Autumn  with  us,  and  their 
Fall  fruits  into  nearly  Summer,  in  the  West ;  thus,  often 
materially  affecting  their  character  and  quality.  The  dif- 
ference of  our  soil,  too,  having  no  slight  influence  on 
them. 

Schenck's,  or  Hosenschenck  (Stocking  Leg).  Color,  light 
yellowish  green;  form,  obovate ;  size,  1;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, tender  and  melting,  with  a  juicy  and  very  sprightly 
flavor ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  season,  September. 

Bemarks.  —  From  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania.  Ijarge. 
Yellow.  Eesembles  Bartlett,  and  perhaps  as  good.  Though 
this  would  be  very  doubtful,  in  the  estimation  of  most. 

SiEULLE.  Color,  pale  yellow,  with  a  little  red  on  the 
sunny  side;  form,  roundish  flattened;  size,  2;  use,  table; 
texture,  buttery,  melting,  rich,  and  very  good  ;  quality,  2 
to  1 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — A  new  fruit.  From  the  London  Horticul- 
tural   Society's   garden,  which    has   performed    immense 


PEARS.  189 

benefit  to  pomologists  in  England,  as  well  as  to  the  world, 
although  the  results  of  their  trials  have  bat  a  partial 
bearing  on  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  us  here,  on 
account  of  the  great  difference  of  climate,  soil,  and  other 
circumstances.  But  the  old  mother  country  has  undoubt- 
edly ever  taken  the  foremost  lead  in  the  imjorovement  of 
the  world  in  every  thing.  We  are  following,  shall  follow, 
and,  in  due  time,  under  many  more  favorable  circum- 
stances, natural  advantages  in  particular,  will,  in  all  like- 
lihood, surpass  Great  Britain  in  almost  every  thing,  pom- 
ology as  well. 

SoLDAT  d'  Esperen,  ot  Soldat  Lahoreur  d'  Eq^eren.  Color, 
greenish  yellow,  becoming  yellow,  with  many  patches, 
stripes  and  dots  of  russet ;  form,  pyriform,  sometimes 
ovate  pj^riform ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  coarse,  juicy, 
melting,  somewhat  perfumed;  quality,  1  ;  season,  Novem- 
ber to  January. 

Eemarks. — Raised  by  Mr.  Esperin,  of  Malines.  Must 
not  be  confounded  with  Soldat  Laboreur  of  the  French, 
which  is  a  third  or  fourth-rate  fruit.  Described  by  Col. 
Wilder  in  Downing^s  Horticulturist, 

Soldat  Lahoreur  of  the  French. 

Eemarks. — Not  worth  notice.     Unworthy. 

Spanish  Bon  Chretien.     Unworthy. 

Spice,  or  Musk  Pear.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form, 
oval;  size,  3;  use,  table;  texture,  breaking,  or  half  but- 
tery, with  a  sweet,  rich,  aromatic  flavor;  quality,  2;  sea- 
son, August. 

Remarks. — There  is  a  pretty  strong  resemblance  in  the 
color,  form,  and  flavor  of  the  Seckel,  but  the  latter  is 
much  the    most   delicious.      Tree,   very   vigorous,   grows 


1 90  W  E  S  T  E  R  N     F  R  TJ I  T     BOOK. 

with  long  shoots,  like  the  Catherine.  It  does  not  bear 
till  large;  then  very  fruitful.  Eaten  when  fully  ripe, 
very  good,  but  too  small. 

St.  Ghislain,  or  St.  Galen.  Color,  pale  yellow;  form, 
])3^riform ;  size,  3;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy,  sugary; 
quality,  2  ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks.  —  Tree,  upright,  vigorous,  growth  ;  young 
shoots,  light  brown.  Requires  a  warm,  rich  soil  ;  other- 
wise, a  little  insipid.  Excellent,  thrifty,  and  upright. 
Productive. 

St.  Andre.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  globular, 
acute  p3'riform  ;  size.  2  to  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy, 
tart ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Remarks. — Rather  inclined  to  rot  at  core.  Tree,  vigor- 
ous, healthy  f^rower.     Early  bearer. 


&' 


ST.  NICHOLAS.  Color,  greenish  yellow  ;  form,  oblong 
pyriform ;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  rich,  sub-acid, 
slightly  perfumed  ;  quality,  2;  season,  Fall. 

Remarks.  —  Flesh,  wnth  some  astringency.  next  the 
skin.  Described  by  Col  Wilder,  in  Downing  s  Horticulturist^ 
"As  a  standard  good  for  market."  This  is  an  instance  of 
a  small  pear  in  France,  growing  a  large  pear  in  this 
countr}'.  . 

ST.  GERMAI^N".  Color,  green  ;  form,  irregular  ;  size, 
1;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy ;  qualit}',  2. 

Re3IARks. — Keeps  pretty  well  with  care.  Stem  short, 
and  generally  planted  in  an  oblique  direction.  Flesh, 
highl}^  flavored.     Requires  a  warm  situation  to  ripen. 

ST.  MICHAEL  OF  BOSTON,  or  VirgaUeu,  Telloic  But. 
fer,  or  Beurre  d'  Orf-e.     Color,  bright  yellow;  form,  oblong; 


PEARS.  ,  191 

size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  melting,  buttery  ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  September  to  I^ovember. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  very  best.  White  Doyenne  of 
France.  Almost  as  good  as  the  Seckel.  Should  be  gath- 
ered before  fully  Y\])e^  and  kept  some  time  in  the  house. 
It  is  an  abundant  bearer,  and  produces  early. 

STEVEN'S  GENESSEE.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form, 
round  obovate  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary, 
aromatic;  quality,  2:  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Xot  equal  to  the  above  (St.  Michael).  Apt 
to  rot  at  core.  Native  of  Eoch ester,  iSTevv^  York.  Good 
on  pear  and  quince,  but  the  West  does  not  seem  to  suit  it 
very  well,  though  it  has  done  well  in  some  parts  of  the 
country.  Grows  to  a  good  size ;  of  a  beautiful  gold  color 
when  ripe.  It  needs  to  be  eaten  as  soon  as  ripe,  as  it  soon 
gets  mushy.  The  tree  is  a  fine,  upright  grower;  the 
fruit  large  and  fine.  The  trees  spread  in  their  habits, 
and  are  only  moderately  productive. 

Slone  Pear.  Color,  greenish  white,  with  large  red  blush  ; 
form,  top-shaped,  or  turbinated  ;  size,  1  (larger  than  Bart- 
lett)  ;  use,  baking;  quality,  3;  season,  10th  September  to 
10th  October. 

Eemarks. — For  market  and  baking  only.  Its  fine  ap- 
pearance renders  its  merits  deceptive.  In  passing  this 
judgment  on  this  fruit,  that  it  is  merely  fit  for  sale,  we 
advance  a  ver^^  poor  encomium  on  the  popular  knowledge 
of  pomology.  Indeed  it  is  rather  low,  and  a  very  few 
years  back  was  much  lower.  But  ought  not  this  fact  to  be 
a  strong  inducement  to  the  philanthropist,  and  to  horti- 
culturists, to  spur  them  on  to  still  unceasing  efi'orts  for 
the  improvement  and  establishment  of  fruits,  not  only  in 
quality  but  in  quantity^  so  that  the}^  be  within  the  reach  of 
all,  at  a  reasonable  price. 


192  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Styer.     Color,  green  ;  form,  round  ;  size,  2  ;  texture,  but- 
tery, juicy,  gritty;  quality,  1;  season,  August. 
Remarks. — Origin  unknown. 

Striped  St.    Germain. 

Eemarks. — Only  a  striped  variety — like  the  Striped 
Duchesse.     Unworthy  of  much  notice. 

Sucre  Yerte,  or  Green  Sugar.  Color,  green ;  form, 
oblong;  size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery;  quality,  2; 
season,  September.     Of  vigorous  growth. 

Sugar   Top.     Unworthy. 

SouvRAiN  d'Ete.  Color,  lemon  yellow ;  form,  round 
obovate  ;  size,  2 ;  texture,  juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  Au- 
gust, 

Eemarks. — Described  by  Col.  Wilder,  in  Downing  s  Horti- 
culturist. Flesh,  melting,  tender,  and  very  juicy  ;  flavor, 
sprightly,  a  little  vinous,  rich. 

Summer  Bergamot.     See  Bergamot  of  Summer. 

Remarks. — Should  be  eaten  before  it  is  too  ripe.  The 
skin  is  green,  full  of  small  russet  spots ;  but,  when  fully 
ripe,  it  becomes  yellow.  It  is  a  highly  flavored  fruit,  if 
gathered  from  the  tree ;  but,  when  too  ripe,  it  becomes 
dry,  and  loses  its  flavor.  "Poor  when  too  ripe.  The  size 
is  small ;  of  a  round  form  ;  the  flesh  rich  and  sprightly. 
It  is  the  least  vigorous  pear  tree  in  our  country,  of  moder- 
ate size,  and  great  hardiness ;  free  from  blight.  The  fruit 
in  perfection  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  July." — Coxc. 

Summer  Franc  Real.  Color,  dull  green  ;  form,  obovate, 
obtuse  pyriform  ;  quality,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery, 
juicy,  sweet ;  season.  August. 


TEARS.  193 

Kemarks. — Foreign.  Tree  thrifty,  hardy,  good  bearer; 
best  on  quince.  "  Indifferent  in  quality.  May  prove 
better  another  year." — A.  H.  Ernst.  Probably  a  second- 
rate  fruit.  Sometimes  a  second-rate  fruit  is  better  than 
a  first,  it  depending  so  much  for  what  purj^oses  they 
are  required.  If  a  person  wants  half  a  peck  of  the  very 
best  pears  (speaking  by  way  of  comparison),  for  any  par- 
ticular purpose,  or  for  his  own  use  and  enjoyment,  then 
he  may  grow  the  best  fruit;  but  if  he  wishes  for  half  a 
bushel  for  market,  to  make  money,  it  is  another  thing. 
In  both  cases  the  same  amount  of  labor  and  pains  are 
bestowed  upon  the  culture. 

Summer  Pine  Apple.     See  Ananas  d'Ete. 

Summer  Rose.     Unworthy. 

Summer  Colmar.  Color,  green,  white  at  maturity ; 
form,  round,  obtuse  conical ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture, 
melting,  sugary,  vinous ;  quality,!;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — An  unsightly,  but  exceedingly  luscious,  and 
fine  fruit.     Tree,  unsightly,  rough,  and  brittle. 

Summer  Bon  Chretien.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form, 
very  irregular,  oblong ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melt- 
ing, buttery;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and   September. 

Eemarks.  —  Fine  odor.  Skin  very  smooth.  It  fre- 
quently cracks,  which  diminishes  its  excellence.  Leaves 
large  and  smooth.  Tree  vigorous.  Sometimes  misnamed 
Jargonelle  in  this  country.  Exhibited  b}^  T.  Y.  Petticolas. 
July  29,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  report,  "  delicate  and 
fine."  Eipens  about  the  time  of  the  Seckel,  and  several 
other  pears  of  high  reputation.  Mr.  E.  Buchanan  ranks 
it  as  a  good  market  fruit — not  of  the  first  order  for 
market  cultivation. 
17 


194  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

Summer  Doyenne.     See  Doyenne  d'Ete. 

Eemarks.— Exhibited  by  T.Y.Petticolas,  July  29, 1855. 
Fruit  Committee  considered  it  "  beautiful  and  small — a 
good  fruit." 

Summer  St.  Germain.  Color,  pale  green  all  over  the 
surface  ;  form,  obovate  ;  use,  table  ;  size,  2  ;  texture,  juicy, 
tender,  sweet,  with  a  very  little  acid,  and  very  good ; 
quality,  2. 

Remarks. — A  pleasant,  juicy.  Summer  pear,  bearing 
large  crops,  and  growing  vigorously. 

Summer  Portugal.  Color,  yellow;  form,  round,  obo- 
vate ;  size,  3  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  white,  juicy,  buttery ; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Superfondante.  Color,  pale  yellow,  marked  with  a 
few  dots,  an4  sometimes  russet ;  form,  obovate  ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table;  texture,  buttery,  melting,  and  good;  quality, 
2;  season,  September. 

Remarks. — Of  the  same  class  as  the  White  Doyenne, 
and  like  it  somewhat  in  appearance  and  flavor. 

Sullivan.  Color,  pale  greenish  yellow ;  form,  oblong 
pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  melting, 
sugary,  and  agreeable;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Styrian.  Color,  deep  yellow,  with  a  bright  red  cheek, 
and  streaks  of  light  russet ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table ;  tex- 
ture, crisp,  with  a  rich,  high  flavored  juice ;  season,  Sept. 

SUEPASSE  YERGALIEU.  Color,  yellow,  small  dots ; 
form,  varying ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery,  juicy, 
and  ai'omatic  ;  quality.  2  ;  season,  September. 


PEARS.  195 

Eemarks. — Probably  an  American  seedling.  A  regular 
abundant  bearer,  on  pear  or  quince.  A  vigorous,  healthy 
tree,  with  yellowish  brown  wood ;  growth  upright.  (This 
upright  growth,  of  many  kinds  of  trees,  is  advantageous 
for  the  smaller  room  they  take  up  in  gardens  and 
grounds,  while  forming  a  pleasing  variety  of  character  to 
the  scene.) 

Swan's  Egg.  Color,  green,  part  brown  ;  form,  elliptical ; 
size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  melting,  musky ;  quality,  3  to 
4 ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — A  good  little  pear  in  England,  being  very 
hardy,  and  bearing  large  ca-ops  as  a  standard,  without 
needing  training,  which  is  most  px*acticed  there  from  the 
coolness  of  the  climate  in  Summer,  compared  with  ours  in 
the  Middle  States.  It  is  very  little  esteemed  here,  where 
they  can  have  such  fruits  as  the  Seckel,  Kirtland'Sj  etc. 

SWAN'S  OEANGE,  or  Onondaga.  Color,  pale  greenish 
yellow,  becoming  golden  yellow  when  matured,  a  good 
number  of  russet  dots,  and  at  times  a  dull  blush  in  the 
sun;  form,  ovate,  obovate;  size,  1^  use,  table;  texture, 
white,  juicy,  buttery,  and  rich. 

Eemarks. — Succeeds  equally  well  on  the  pear  or  quince 
stock,  and,  as  a  profitable  market  variety,  deserves  ex- 
tensive culture.  It  will  compare  well  with  the  great 
Bartlett,  or  "Williams'  Bon  Chretien  (before  described). 
It  is  not  so  sweet  as  many  fine  pears,  but  of  a  very  good 
flavor,  and  large  size.  "It  is  very  valuable." — Dr.  Warder. 

Sylvange  is  unworthy. 

Triomphe  de  Jordoigne.  Form,  obovate;  size,  extra 
1 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  melting,  sub-acid ;  quality,  1 ;  sea- 
son, September  and  October.     Described  by  Col.  Wikler 


196  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

in  Horticulturist^  by  Downing.     Very  large,  and  promises 
w^ell. 

Tea.     Color,  rich    yellow ;  form,  round  oval ;    size,   3 ; 
use,  table  ;  texture,  white,  melting,  juicy ;  season,  August. 
Eemarks. — Origin,  ]^ew  Haven,  Conn. 

Thompson.  Color,  greenish  yellow ;  form,  turbinate, 
round  to  eye;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table;  texture,  buttery, 
melting,  sugary  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September  and  Oct. 

Eemarks.  —  Flesh,  white  and  greenish  yellow,  fine, 
melting,  buttery,  juicy,  sweet,  and  highly  and  agreeably 
aromatic. 

TYSOIS".  Color,  dull  yellow  and  russet ;  form,  round, 
P3'riform,  irregular ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy, 
sugary,  melting;  quality,  1  ;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — From  Pennsylvania.  Tree  of  vigorous,  up- 
right growth,  with  reddish  brown  wood.  Tliis,  with  the 
Bartlett,  Seckel,  White  Do^'enne,  Bloodgood,  Louise 
Bonne  de  Jersey,  Glout  Morceau,  Duchesse  d'Angoulome, 
Julienne,  Doyenne  Eobin,  and  some  few  others,  Mr.  Bu- 
chanan finds  to  succeed  admirably  with  him,  as  dwarfs. 
He  plants  them  round  the  borders  of  his  garden,  about 
eight  feet  apart.  Thus  they  occupy  but  little  room,  and 
require  but  slight  attention.  Sometimes  a  sucker  from 
the  stock  has  to  be  cut  aw^ay,  or  a  straggling  branch  short- 
ened in  —  and  but  little  more.  Too  deej),  or  highly  ma- 
nured ground,  makes  them  grow  too  much  to  wood,  but 
no  fruit.  In  this  way,  even  in  rather  bad  years,  some  of 
the  trees  will  bear  fifteen  to  twenty  pears,  when  only  five 
to  six  feet  high.  Thus  they  look  promising,  to  a  conside- 
rable extent,  for  amateur  culture  in  our  locality.  The 
soil  and  climate  seem  to  suit  them  tolerably  well.  For  a 
profitahle  market  crop,  we   shall   probably  have  to  rely 


PEARS.  197 

principally  upon  our  standard  pear  trees ;  but  time  will 
ghow — "  we  shall  see."  One  thing  may  be  here  observed, 
viz  :  that  owing  to  our  dry  Summers,  compared  with  Eu- 
rope and  the  Atlantic  States,  the  fibrous  small  roots  of  the 
quince,  which  are  near  the  surface  of  the  ground,  are 
more  affected  by  drouth  than  the  pear  roots,  which  seek 
their  sustenance  deeper  in  the  earth.  This  is  rather 
against  the  dwarf  pears  for  market  use.  If  the  pear  is 
permitted  to  take  root,  then  it  will  soon  cease  to  be 
dwarf,  and  grow  away  high.  \Yith  regard  to  the  grafting 
of  pear  trees,  oil  their  own  stock,  and  on  the  quince,  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that,  in  the  former  case,  the  union 
is  more  perfect  than  in  the  latter,  where  the  sap  is  not  in 
action  at  the  same  instant  of  time,  and  the  quality  of  their 
secretions,  be  they  what  they  may,  can  not  be  as  perfectly 
identical,  or  precisely  the  same.  This  will,  and  does  have 
a  great  bearing  on  the  success  of  the  culture  of  dwarf 
pears,  compared  with  the  standards ;  and  on  this  account, 
also,  we  can  not  look  for  the  same  permanent  prosperity 
of  these  trees.  We  must  necessarily  incur  the  loss  of  time 
and  money  in  their  continual  decay  and  renewal.  It  is 
onl}"  when  varieties  of  the  same  species  are  worked  on  each 
other,  that  a  perfectly  sound  and  durable  union  is  effected, 
and  not  always,  even  then,  as  we  see  when  a  fast  growing 
apple-tree  is  grafted  upon  a  diminutive  and  slow-growing 
variety,  such  as  the  Paradise.  A  peach-tree,  when  bud- 
ded on  the  varieties  of  the  plum,  were  it  not  that  the  plum 
stock  is  impervious  to  the  peach  worm,  would  not  be  more- 
durable,  ii^  this  country,  than  when  budded  on  its  own 
stock.  One  very  great  advantage,  which  must  not  be 
overlooked,  in  the  use  of  dwarf  pears  is,  that  they  fill 
that  vacuum  in  the  cultivation  of  the  pear  which  is  so 
trying  to  the  patience  of  fruit-growers,  and  which  must 
necessarily  exist,  until  the  standards  shall  have  come 
into  full  bearing. 


198  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Upper  Crust.  Size,  3 ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  buttery, 
melting ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — A  South  Carolinian.  Tree,  healthy,  mode- 
rate grower.     Fruit,  size  of  Dearborn's  Seedling. 

UEBANISTE,  or  Benrre  Picquery,  etc.  Color,  pale  yel- 
low, with  gray  dots,  and  some  russet  lines  ;  form,  obovate 
pyriform ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  white,  yellowish 
at  core,  buttery,  melting,  vinous ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Bemarks. — Good.  Tree,  moderately  vigorous,  and 
hardy ;  well  suited  to  Western  soils.  Not  an  earl}'  bearer, 
but  when  it  does,  produces  regularly  and  abundantly. 

Uvedale  St.  Germain.     Poor.     For  baking  only. 

Yallee  Franche.  Form,  round,  obtuse,  turbinate; 
size,  2;  use,  table;  texture,  poor;  quality,  3;  reason, 
July  or  August. 

Remarks. — Exhibited  to  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Soci- 
ety, by  A.  H.  Ernst,  August  18,  1855.  Committee  on  Fruit 
considered  it  "  quite  a  second,  or  even  third  rate  Summer 
pear."     "Deficient  in  flavor  and  character." — A.  H.  Ernst. 

Yan  Assche.  Color,  light  yellow;  form,  obovate  ob- 
tuse ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  melting ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — New  pear.     Worthy  of  general  culture. 

Yan  Assene.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  round,  flat 
at  crown  ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  melting, 
sweet ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — A  new,  and  fine  pear. 

Van  Buren.     Poor.     Unworthy. 


1'  K  A  R  S  .  199 

Van  Mons  Leon  le  Clerc.  Color,  pale  yellow,  gold 
at  maturity  ;  form,  ovate,  obovate  pyriform  ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table;  texture,  buttery,  melting,  juicy;  season,  October 
to  January. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Valuable  on  the  quince.  Bears 
early  and  well^  Very  large  and  fine,  but  the  tree  is 
always  old.     Has  no  stamina  or  victor. 

Verte  Longue.  Color,  green,  even  at  maturity,  with 
numerous  minute  dots;  form,  long  pyriform,  narrowing  a 
good  deal  from  the  middle  toward  both  ends;  size,  2 ;  use, 
table ;  texture,  very  juicy,  with  a  sweet,  slightly  per- 
fumed, very  excellent  flavor;  quality,  2;  season,  August 
and  September. 

Eemarks. — Yery  pleasant  and  lively  tasted  fruit.  Bears 
abundant  crops.  The  true  sort  is  large,  green  and  good. 
We  doubt  if  all  our  nurserymen  have  the  real  Mouthwa- 
ter,  one  of  its  synonymes. 

Yerte  Longue,  or  Fanachee.  Color,  yellow  and  green 
striped  ;  form,  round  at  blossom  end  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ; 
texture,  buttery  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  September. 

Eemarks. — Striped  sort.     Bears  abundantly. 

YICAE  OF  WI^KFIELD,  Le  Cure,  Clion,  etc.  Color, 
skin  fair  and  smooth,  pale  yellow,  sometimes,  with  a 
brownish  cheek,  and  marked  with  small  brown  dots; 
form,  long,  pyriform,  often  six  inches,  and  a  little  one- 
sided ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table,  but  chiefl}^  cooking ;  texture, 
vcr}'  juicy  generally,  but  it  varies;  sometimes  it  is  but- 
tery, often  crisp,  with  a  good  sprightly  flavor;  quality,  1 ; 
season,  October  to  January. 

Eemarks. — The  opinions  difl'er  more  on  this  fruit  than 
any  other,  unless  it  be  Passe  Colmar.  A  great  many 
highly  approve  of  it.     It  depends,  we  think,  a  great  deal 


200  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

upon  the  way  and  time  it  is  ripened.  It  certainly  is  the 
very  best  kind  of  baking  pear ;  and,  sometimes,  we  find 
it  a  fine  table  pear.  It  probably  requires  a  warmer  tem- 
perature to  ripen  than  most  other  pears.  It  can  not  be 
easily  bruised  when  picked,  as  it  is  very  firm,  but  all 
pears  can  not  be  too  tenderly  handled  and  deposited.  It 
is  very  productive,  hardy  and  large.  The  fruit  branches 
droojD. 

VIEGALIEU,  see  White  Doyenne,  or  St.  MichaeVs. 

VIEGALOUSE.  Color,  yellowish,  green  at  maturity, 
with  gray  or  reddish  dots  ;  form,  conical ;  use,  table  ;  tex- 
ture, juicy  and  rich ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October  to  Jan- 
uary. 

Kemarks. — It  has  brought  twenty  dollars  per  barrel  at 
New  York.  Known  as  Butter,  or  St.  Michael,  at  Boston. 
It  is  of  good  size,  high  flavored  and  juicy,  and  has  every 
fine  quality  necessary.  It  should  be  picked  some  time 
before  it  is  ripe,  as  it  is  a  long  while  ripening.  Exhibited 
by  some  member  at  the  Horticultural  Society  Eooms.  "  A 
good  fruit." — Fruit  Committee. 

WASHINGTON.  Color,  lemon  yellow,  with  red  rus- 
set ;  form,  roundish  ovate,  or  ovate  pyriform ;  size,  2 ; 
use,  table ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
August  and  Sej^tember. 

Eemarks. — Washington  deserves  its  name  ;  it  is  excel- 
lent, thrifty,  hardy  and  productive.  American  —  from 
Delaware.  Tree  healthy,  of  moderate  growth  ;  an  annual 
bearer.  A  young  but  moderate  bearer.  Fine  for  the 
amateur,  particularly  further  South. 

Wendell.  Form,  round,  obtuse;  size,  2;  use,  table; 
season,  August. 


PEARS.  201 

Eemarks. — "  Flesh,  white,  breaking,  tender,  juicy  and 
a  little  gritty,  sweet,  pleasant ;  somewhat  aromatic." — 
A.  H.  Ernst. 

White  Doyenne,  Virgalieu,  or  Yellow  Butter.  See  St. 
MichaeVs. 

Eemarks. — "Excellently  well  adapted  to  the  locality'" 
of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary.  Should  be  picked  before 
ripe.  Does  well  on  quince  or  standard.  Sometimes  it  has 
cracked,  but  not  lately  ;  probably  from  atmospheric  causes. 
Great  sales  of  these  trees  in  the  nurseries.  It  is  particu- 
larly well  adapted  for  the  quince  stock. 

Wiedow  Pear.  Color,  yellowish  green  ;  form,  regular 
turbinate ;  size,  2  ;  use,  baking ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Eemarks. — Skin  thin  ;  flesh,  white,  very  melting,  but- 
tery, juice  abundant,  slightly  acidulous,  or  vinous,  agreea- 
ble, perfumed,  and  highly  flavored.  Described  by  Andrew 
Leroy  in  Horticulturist.     A  delicious,  first-rate  fruit-. 

Windsor,  or  Summer  Bell. 

Eemarks. — Good  for  nothing.  Exhibited  by  M.  McWil- 
liams,  July  29,  1855.  Fruit  Committee  considered  it  "  A 
poor  fruit." 

AYiLLiAMs'  Early  (not  Bartlett,  or  Bon  Chretien). 
Color,  bright  yellow,  with  rich  scarlet  dots  on  sunny  side; 
form,  roundish,  turbinate,  regularly  formed;  size,  3.;  use, 
table ;  texture,  very  juicy,  half  buttery,  rich,  with  a  slight 
musky  flavor.   (^Downing' s  Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees  of  America). 

Eemarks.  —  Tree,  a  moderate  grower. 

Wilbur.     Color,  yellowish  green ;  form,  oval,  obovate ; 


202  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

size,  2 ;  use,  table  ;  flesh,  white,  juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  season, 
August. 

Eemarks.  —  From  Somerset,  Mass.  Tree,  a  moderate 
grower. 

Williams'  Yirgalotise.  Color,  light  green ;  form, 
irregular;  size,  1;  use,  table;  texture,  juicy;  quality,  2; 
season,  November  to  January. 

Wilkinson.  Color,  golden  yellow;  form,  obovate,  nar- 
row near  stalk ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  sugarj^. 

Remarks. — Rich  yellow  color.  Flesh,  yellowish  white, 
fine  grained,  melting;  and  though  rather  solid  in  texture, 
juice  sugary  and  vinous.  Described  by  H.  Wood  in 
JDownings  Horticulturist.  A  natural  seedling.  Sold  at  high 
prices  in  Fulton  market,  N.  Y. 

Winter  Rousselet.  Color,  lively  russet ;  size,  2  ;  use, 
table  and  baking ;  texture,  sugary ;  season,  long  Winter 
keeper. 

Remarks. — An  abundant  bearer,  and  rather  too  acid 
for  the  table. 

WINTER  NELIS.  Color,  yellowish  green;  form, 
roundish  obovate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  juicy, 
sugary  ;  qualit}^,  1 ;  season,  October  to  December. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  Yery  hardy.  Prolific  on  pear  or 
quince.     Excellent,  though  Autumnal.     Wood  slender. 

The  following  important  conditions  should  be  observed, 
as  recommended  by  John  Sayers,  one  of  our  most  intelli- 
gent and  reliable  nurserj^men,  and  florists,  near  Cincin- 
nati, in  the  cultivation  of  the  pear  on  the  quince  : 

"  1st.  A  proper  selection  of  varieties,  such  as  are  known 
to  succeed  on  the  quince. 


PEARS.  203 

"  2nd.  Good,  healthy  trees  worked  on  a  good  stock — the 
Angers,  or  Paris. 

"  3rd.  A  good,  loamy  soil,  of  moderate  fertility,  on  a 
clay  sub-soil,  and  from  eighteen  to  twenty  inches  deep. 

*'  4th.  Planted  so  deep  that  all  the  quince  stock  is  below 
the  surface. 

"  5th.  Ordinary  good  cultivation,  and  moderate  prun- 
ing, but  not  pruned  so  severely  as  to  deprive  the  j^lant  of 
power  to  send  down  woody  matter  enough  to  keep  the 
roots  healthy  and  active.  ]S[early  all  the  failures  can  be 
traced  to  a  want  of  one  or  more  of  the  above  i-equisites 
•  for  successful  cultivation." 

The  truth  is,  our  climate  and  soil  is  not  so  much  against 
the  success  of  pear,  either  on  its  own  stock  or  the  quince, 
as  the  want  of  attention  to  those  particular  requirements, 
which  are  necessary  for  each,  in  common  with  all  other 
fruits,  more  or  less. 

WINTER  ORANGE.  Form,  nearly  round;  size,  2; 
use,  table;  texture,  melting,  juicy;  qualitj^,  1;  season, 
October  to  December. 

Remarks. — A  very  good  Winter  pear,  when,  in  the 
West,  we  have  but  few  to  keep  well. 

WiLHELMiNE.  Color,  greenish  yellow;  form,  round 
obovate ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  texture,  buttery,  sugary, 
juicy;  quality,  2 :  season,  Winter. 

Remarks. — Foreiirn. 


& 


Wintei^  Bergamotie.  Color,  russet ;  form,  round,  flat  at 
ends  ;  size,  2  ;  texture,  spongy  ;  quality,  3. 

Remarks. — From  England.  Not  of  much  value.  "Good 
when  taken  just  in  time." — ^4.  H.  Ernst.  To  how  many 
fruits  does  not  this  observation  apply?  There  is  one  cer- 
tain point  in  their  perfection. 


204  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

ZoAR  Beauty,  or  Superb.  Color,  light  yellow ;  form 
varies ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  texture,  juicy,  sugary  ;  season, 
July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — !N"ative  of  Ohio.  Tree  a  vigorous  grower, 
with  dark  brown  shoots.  This  pear,  from  its  great  nat- 
ural vigor,  with  some  others  like  it,  as  the  Seckel,  Buffum, 
etc.,  would  not  require  so  rich  a  soil  as  pear  trees  do  in 
general.  The  pear  tree,  as  a  general  rule,  requires  a 
rather  moist  and  tenacious  soil :  not,  however,  wet  and 
saturated  with  stagnant  waters.  If  placed  on  a  loamy 
or  clayey  soil,  abounding  in  the  requisite  inorganic  ele- 
ments (phosphate  of  lime  and  potash),  with  pure  water, 
percolating  beneath  at  a  depth  at  which  it  can  merely  be 
reached  by  the  extreme  roots,  this  tree  will  be  as  hardy, 
strong  growing,  and  durable  as  the  oak.  The  deficiencies 
Which  occur  in  most  soils  may  be,  to  some  extent,  arti- 
ficially supplied.  Animal  bones,  urine,  the  sweepings  and 
droppings  of  the  roosting  poultry,  or  of  the  poultry-house 
and  yard,  and  guano,  are  the  principal  sources  from  which 
the  surplus  must  be  supplied. — Probabl}^  the  very  best 
mode  of  preventing  any  species  of  blight,  either  the  frozen 
sap  blight,  the  canker  blight,  often  occurring  in  the  insect 
blight,  or  the  fre  blight,  is  to  bury  about  their  roots  large 
quantities  of  unground  bones;  time  and  weather  breaking 
them  down  as  rapidly  as  the  trees  call  for  supplies ;  the 
surface  of  the  ground  being  also  dressed  with  ashes  and 
refuse  lime.  'No  one  should  set  out  one  pear  tree  more 
than  he  can  at  suitable  intervals  cultivate  with  care,  and 
can  at  certain  times  supply,  in  some  form,  with  the  requi- 
site food. 


r  E  A  R  s .  205 

FRUITS    OF  OHIO. 
Statement  dfR.  Buchanan,  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  J.  A.  Warder, 
of  Cincinnati^  Hamilton  county^  Ohio,  as  reported  to  the  Amer- 
ican Pomological  Society,  at  their  annual  meeting,  held  at  the 
City  of  Boston,  in  Septemher^  1854. 

PEARS. 

"  Some  varieties  of  this  fruit,  as  the  '  Bartlett'  and 
*Seckel,'  bear  as  well  as  the  apple,  and  others  one  year 
In  two  or  three, 

"  The  Committee  is  largely  indebted  to  one  of  its  mem- 
bers, Mr.  Ernst,  for  valuable  notes  on  this  fruit,  carefully 
pre2)ared,  from  his  own  experience  in  its  culture. 

"  Many  varieties,  particularly  those  of  American  origin, 
thrive  well  as  standards ;  but,  as  a  general  rule,  the  for- 
eign sorts  do  best  on  the  quince  stock.  The  cultivation 
is  principally  in  the  hands  of  amateurs,  but  the  high 
prices  obtained  for  the  pear  in  our  markets  will  soon 
cause  a  more  general  culture,  which  is  invited  by  our 
favorable  soil  and  climate. 

''The  following  are  considered  best:  Bartlett,  Beurre 
d'Ai;^mberg,  Beurre  Benoist,  Beurre  Diel,  Beurre  Spence, 
Bloodgood,  Dearborn's  Seedling,  Dix,  Doyenne  d'Ete, 
Duchesse  d'Angouleme  (very  early),  Easter  Bucrre,  Flem- 
ish Beauty,  Heathcot,  Julienne,  Lawrence,  Louise  Bonne 
de  Jersey,  Madeleine,  Onondaga,  Osborn,  Pratt,  Saint  Ghis- 
lain,  Seckel,  Stevens'  Genessce,  Stone,  Tyson,  Yan  Assene, 
Washington,  White  Doyenne,  Zoar. 

"  The  following  are  rejected,  as  unsuited  to  this  region, 
or  for  inferior  size  and  quality:  Amire  Johannet,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  Beurre  Capiaumont,  Chelmsford,  Colmar  Xeil. 
Early  Catherine,  Grosse  Calebasse,  Jargonelle,  Moon's 
Pound,  Musk  vSummer  Bon  Chretien,  Orange  Bergamot, 
Petit  Muscat,  Red  Bergamot,  Rondelet,  Summer  Franc 
Beal,  Yalle  Franche,  Windsor." 


200  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

*  

INDIANA  PEAES. — Eecommended  by  Henry  "Ward 

Beecher. 

Summer,  or  such  as  ripen  from  the  Jirst  of  July  to  the  last  of 
August. — Madeleine,  or  Citron  des  Carmes,  Bloodgood, 
Summer  Franc  Eeal,  Dearborn's  Seedling,  Julienne,  Will- 
iams' Bon  Chretien. 

Autumn,  or  such  as  ripen  from  September  to  the  last  of  No- 
vember.— Stevens'  Genessee,  Belle  Lucrative,  Henry  the 
Fourth,  Washington,  Dunmore.  St.  Ghislain,  Seckel,  Beurre 
Bosc,  Andrews,  Marie  Louise,  Doj'enne  or  Fall  Butter,  Dix, 
Petre,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme. 

Winter,  or  those  v:hich  ripen  during  the  Winter  and  Spring 
months. — Beurre  Diel,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  Passe  Col- 
mar,  Beurre  Eanz,  Columbia,  Beurre  d'Aremberg,  Yan 
Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc,  Beurre  Easter,  Chaumontelle,  Glout 
Morceau,  Prince's  St.  Germain,  Winter  Nelis. 

Those  who  wish  only  four  trees,  may  select  Bloodgood, 
Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  Beurre 
d'Aremberg.  Those  Avho  have  room  for  eight,  to  the  above 
may  add  Beurre  Bosc,  Passe  Colmar,  Columbia,  Winter 
Nelis.  Those  who  wish  sixteen  trees,  to  the  above  may  add 
Madeleine  or  Citron  des  Carmes,  Summer  Franc  Eeal,  Bun- 
more,  Seckel,  Dix,  Beurre  Diel,  Beurre  Eanz,  Beurre 
Easter. 

Z,ist  of  Pears  for  Southern  and  Central  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Southern  Iowa,  Northern  Kentucky,  Maryland,  Tennessee,  and 
Northern  Missouri. 

Ananas  d'Ete.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market  ; 
season,  August. 

Bartlett.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ;  season, 
August. 

Belle  Lucrative.  Stock,  pear  and  quince ;  use,  table 
and  market ;  season,  September. 


PEARS.  207 

Beurre  Langlier.  Stock,  pear  and  quince ;  use,  table 
and  market;  season,  October  and  November. 

Beurre  Moir.  Stock,  quince  ;  use,  table  and  market ; 
season,  October. 

Beurre  Bosc.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Beurre  d'Anjou.  Stock,  pear  and  quince  ;  use,  table 
and  market ;  season,  October. 

Beurre  Easter.  Stock,  quince;  use,  table  and  market; 
season,  January  to  March. 

BuFFUM.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market;  season, 
September. 

Black  Worcester.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  cooking ;  season, 
ITovember  to  January. 

Bloodgood.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ;  sea- 
son, July. 

Bon  Chretien  Fondante.  Stock,  quince ;  use,  table 
and  market;  season,  September. 

Dearborn  Seedling.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  ;  season, 
July. 

Doyenne,  White.  Stock,  pear  and  quince  ;  use,  table 
and  market;  season,  September  and  October. 

Fulton.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market;  season, 
October. 

Flemish  Beauty.  Stock,  pear  and  quince ;  use,  table 
and  market ;  season,  September. 

GtLout  Morceau.  Stock,  quince ;  use,  table  and  mar- 
ket ;  season,  November  to  January. 

Jalousie  de  Fontenay  Yendee.  Stock,  quince;  use, 
table  and  market;  season,  September. 

Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey.  Stock,  quince ;  use,  table 
and  market ;  season,  September. 

Lawrence.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ;  sea- 
son, November. 


208  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Long  Green,  of  Coxe.  Stock,  pear  ;  use,  table  and  mar- 
ket ;  season,  September  and   October. 

Lewis.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ;  season, 
October  to  January. 

ISTouveau  Poiteau.  Stock,  pear  and  quince  ;  use,  table 
and  market;  season,  October  and  November. 

Doyenne  d'Ete.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table;  season, 
July. 

Beurre  St.  Nicholas.  Stock,  quince ;  use,  table  and 
market ;  season,  October  and  November. 

Pound.  Stock,  pear  ;  use,  cooking ;  season,  November 
and  December. 

Soldat  Laboureur  d'Esperen.  Stock,  quince;  use,  ta- 
ble and  market;  season,  November  and  December. 

XJrbaniste.  Stock,  quince ;  use,  table  and  market ; 
season,  September  and  October. 

YiCAR  OF  Winkfield.  Stock,  quince  ;  use,  market  and 
cooking  ;    season,  October  to  December. 

Seckel.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market;  season, 
September  and  October. 

Stevens'  Genessee.  Stock,  pear  and  quince  ;  use,  table 
and  market ;  season,  September. 

Tyson.  Stock,  pear  and  quince ;  use,  table  and  market; 
season,  August. 

St.  Ghislain.  Stock,  pear  and  quince ;  use,  table  and 
market;  season,  September. 

Winter  Nelis.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market; 
season,  November  to  January. 

Jaminette.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market;  sea- 
son, November  to  February. 

Payency.  Stock,  quince  ;  use,  table  and  market ;  sca- 
,    son,  September. 

Washington.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ; 
season,  August  and  September. 


PEARS.  209 

ZoAR  Beauty.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  market ; 
season,  July  and  August. 

Beurre  d'Aremberg.  Stock,  pear ;  use,  table  and  mar- 
ket; season,  November  to  January. 

Skinless.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table;  season,  July  and 
August. 

EosTiEZER.  Stock,  pear;  use,  table  and  market;  sea- 
eon,  August. 

Imperial  Society  of  Horticulture  of  the  Rhone  (^France^^  wpon 

Pears. 
We  most  sincerely  hope  that  Pomological  Societies  may 
continue  to  flourish  and  to  labor  unceasingly.  As,  some- 
times, so  much  perseverance  is  required  to  completely 
settle  the  true  merits  of  any  sort  of  fruit,  the  work  of 
these  Societies  will  never  cease,  and  but  little  diminish 
in  their  hands.  There  will  be  a  necessity  often  for  some 
reconsiderations.  The  very  same  specimen  will  vary  from 
tolerably  good  to  very  good,  and  from  good  to  indiflPer- 
ently  good,  and  also  from  being  grafted  on  a  different 
stock,  etc.,  etc.  The  different  seasons  will  also  occasion 
them  to  vary  much  ;  and  sometimes,  if  many  sorts  are 
grafted  on  one  tree,  those  which  have  less  vigor  than  the 
others  will  become  greatly  deteriorated.  The  great  varie- 
ties of  soil,  climate,  and  exposure,  will  change  considerably 
the  same  kinds,  so  much  so  that  the  same  fruit  in  one 
locality  can  be  hardly  recognized  in  another.  We  make 
these  remarks  in  order  to  direct  the  attention  of  our  read- 
ers to  the  fact  that  the  Imperial  Society  of  Horticulture 
of  the  Ehone  (France),  have  communicated  to  the  various 
Horticultural  Societies  of  the  world  that  the  French  Pom- 
ological Congress,  touching  the  action  of  that  body  on  the 
nomenclature  of  fruits,  propose  to  abolish  synonymous 
names  of  fruits,  and  give  each  fruit  a  single  definite 
denomination,  or  title.  Our  Horticultui*al  Society  at 
18 


-10  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Cincinnati  have  resolved  to  cooperate  with  thorn  as  much 
as  possible  in  this  respect,  in  a  matter  in  which  they  and 
the  other  Societies  of  America  have  been  laboring  for  some 
years.  The  first  session  was  held  at  Lyons  in  Sej)tember 
last  (1856),  and  it  may  be  interesting,  here,  to  enumerate 
the  number  and  kinds  of  pears  admitted  into  cultivation. 
There  were  sixtj^-three  for  standards  and  dwarfs,  seven 
especially  for  espaliers  (a  common  mode  for  gardens 
in  Europe),  eight  varieties  for  the  kitchen,  and  twelve 
especially  for  standard,  or  orcharding.  The  names  of 
the  first  sixty-three  are :  Adele  de  St.  Denis  (synonymes 
follow,  which  are  abolished),  Alexandrine  DrouUard,  Ar- 
bre  Courbe,  Beau  present  d'Artois,  Bergamotte  d'Angle- 
terre  (Gansel's  Bergamotte,  etc.),  Bergamotte  d'Esperen, 
Beurre  Beaumont,  Beurre  Benoit,  Beurre  Bretonneau, 
Beurre  Capiaumont,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  Beurre  d'Amanlis 
panachee,  Beurre  d'Aremberg,  Beurre  d'Anjou,  Beurre 
Davy,  Beurre  de  Nantes,  Beurre  d'Hardenpont  (Glout 
Morceau,  etc.),  Beurre  Diel,  Beurre  Gifi'art,  Beurre  Pic- 
query  (Urbaniste,  etc.),  Quetelet,  Beurre  Six,  Bezy  de 
Montigny,  (not  the  Musk  Doyenne,  commonly  so  called), 
Bon  Chretien  Naj)oleon  (Charles  of  Austria,  etc.),  Bon 
Chretien  William  (Bartlett,  etc.).  Bonne  d'Ezee,  Calebasse 
Bosc  (Thompson),  Calebasse  monstre  (Yan  Marum,  etc.), 
Colmar  d'Aremberg,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Cumberland, 
Des  Deux-Soeurs,  Delices  d'Hardenpont  d'Angers,  Delices 
de  Lowenjoul,  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Doyenne  Defais,  Doy- 
enne d'Hiver  (Bergamotte  de  la  Pentecote),  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  Duchesse  panachee,  Duchesse  de  Berry  d'Ete, 
Epine  du  Mas,  Esperine,  Eigne  (Figue  d'Alencon),  Fon- 
dante  de  Charneux,  Fondante  de  Noel,  Belle  ou  Bonne,  etc., 
Grand  Soleil,  Graslin,  Jalousie  de  Fontenay  (Jalousie  de 
EontenayYendee,  etc.),  Louise  Bonne  d'Avranches  (Louise 
de  Jersey),  Marie  Louise  Delcourt  (Marie  Louise  Nora), 
Nouveau   Poiteau,    Passe  Colmar,  Rousselet    d'Aout,  St. 


PEARS-  211 

Michel-Archange,  St.  Nicholas,  Seigneur  (Eyperen),  Fon- 
daiite  d'Automne,  Belle  Lucrative,  etc.),  Shobdencourt, 
Soldat  Labourer,  Suzette  de  Eavay,  Triomphe  de  Jodoigne, 
Yan  Mons  (Yan  Mons  de  Leon  Leclerc).  The  Congress 
observe  of  the  sub-varieties;  Panachees,  Beurre  d'Aman- 
lis  and  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  are  rather  small  of  their 
kind.  Pears  for  espaliers  are  seven  :  Bergamotte  Cras- 
sanne  (Cressanne,  Cresane  d'Automne,  etc.),  Beurre  Gris, 
Bezy  de  Chaumontel  (Chaumontel,  vulgarly  Charmontel), 
Bon  Chretien  de  Bans  (Hardenpont  of  Spring,  etc.), 
Doyenne  Blanc,  or  White  Doyenne  (St.  Michel,  Beurre 
Blanc,  etc.).  Doyenne  Grris,  St.  Germain  d'Hiver.  The 
varieties,  the  fruits  of  which  are  for  cooking,  are  eight, 
viz.,  Belle  Angevine  (Angora,  Bolivar,  etc.),  Bon  Chretien, 
d'Hiver,  Catillac  (Grand  Monarque,  Teton  de  Venus,  etc.), 
Certeaux  d'Automne,  Monsieur  le  Cure,  (Le  Clio,  Yicaire  de 
Wakefield,  (query,  Winkfield,  etc.),  Leon  Leclerc,  Martin 
Sec  (Eousselet  d'Hiver),  Messire  Jean.  Pears  specially  for 
standards  (orchard  trees),  Bergamotte  Sylvange,  Beurre 
d'Angleterre  (Poire  Anglaise,  St.  Francois,  etc.)  Beurre 
Goubault,  Beurre  Millet,  Blanquet,  Citron  dcs  Carmes 
(Petite  Madeline,  St.  Jean,  etc.).  Doyenne  de  Juillet, 
Epargne  (grosse  Madeleine),  Josephine  deMalines,  Eous- 
selet deEheims  (Petit  Eousselet,  Eousselet  musque),  Seckle 
(Shakespear,  Seckle  pear),  Zephirin  Gregoire. 

In  closing  our  remarks  on  pears,  we  will  observe,  here, 
that  one  of  the  reasons  why  there  has  been  a  discouraging 
impression  made  as  to  the  value  and  success  of  the  Dwarf 
pear  in  the  West  and  in  this  vicinity,  is  that  some  of  the 
Eastern  nurserymen,  before  they  became  acquainted  with 
the  right  kind  of  stock,  sent  trees  worked  on  the  Upright 
Quince,  instead  of  the  Angers  or  Paris — the  latter  is  the 
stronger  of  the  two,  if  there  is  an}^  difference. 


212  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK 


Alberge.  Form,  roundish ;  leaves,  globose ;  flowers, 
small;  flesh,  yellow,  red  at  stone;  color,  purplish  cheek; 
size,  2 ;  quality,  2;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — Foreign.     Only  second-rate  in  flavor. 

Allen.  Form,  roundish  leaves,  globose  ;  flowers,  small ; 
flesh,  pleasant  vinous  flavor,  juicy  ;  color,  white,  red  cheek  ; 
fiize,  3;  quality,  2;  season,  September,  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Hardy,  and  good  bearer,  and  eminently 
productive.  Has  been  raised  forty  years  from  the  seed, 
aniformh^  true.  Cultivated  by  several  of  its  name,  in 
\Yalpole,  Mass.  (Cole).  This  peach,  like  the  Blood,  and 
many  others,  reproduces  the  same  from  the  seed  (there 
are  also  some  plums  which  do  the  same).  Probably  the 
trees  are  more  healthy  and  hardy  in  consequence. 

Anne,  Early.  Form,  roundish  ;  leaves,  serrated,  without 
glands ;  flowers,  large ;  color,  white,  with  a  faint,  but 
beautiful  tinge  of  red,  next  the  sun  ;  size,  2  to  3;  quality, 
2  to  3 ;  season,  1st  July  ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — An  old  English  sort.  It  is  the  first  peach, 
of  any  value  that  ripens ;  except  the  Early  Tillotson, 
which  ripens  at  the  same  time,  and  is  superior.  The  Early 
Tillotson,  will,  therefore,  take  its  place  for  general  culture. 
The  Early  Eed  and  White  l^utmeg,  are  not  worth  much, 
being  too  small.  The  trees  of  the  Early  Anne  are  of 
rather  feeble  growth. 

BALTIMOEE    BEAUTY,  or   Belle.      Form,  roundish 


PEACHES.  213 

oval;  leaves,  with  globose  glands;  flowers,  large;  flesh, 
yellow,  but  red  at  the  stone,  sweet,  and  very  good — a 
little  mealy,  if  over-ripe ;  color,  deep  orange,  with  a  rich, 
brilliant  red  cheek;  size,  2  to  3;  quality,  2;  season,  July; 
freestone. 

Eemarks. — A  very  good,  and  remarkably  handsome, 
peach,  of  native  origin.  Its  chief  fault  is  not  being  quite 
juicy  enough. 

Barrington.  Form,  roundish  ovate,  apex  rather  point- 
ed, suture  on  one  side,  moderate;  leaves,  crenate,  with 
globose  glands;  flowers,  large;  flesh,  slightly  red  at  the 
stone,  juicy,  rich,  and  of  high  quality  ;  color,  nearly  white, 
with  a  deep  red  marbled  cheek ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  2 ;  sea- 
son, July  and  August,  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Is  best  south  of  New  York  city.  The  fruit 
ripens  at  the  medium  season — a  week  after  Eoyal  George. 

Bellegarde,  Violette  Hattve,  French  Royal  George,  Large 
Violette^  Brentford  Mignonne,  etc.  Form,  round  and  regular, 
suture,  shallow,  with  a  projecting  point ;  leaves,  with  glo- 
bose glands;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  a  little  red  at  stone,  a 
little  firm,  but  melting,  juicy,  rich,  and  high  flavored  ;  size, 
1 ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  that  supplies  the  Paris  mar- 
ket ;  also  prized  by  the  English. 

BEEE'S  LATE  EAEEEIPE. 

Eemarks. — Succeeds  well  at  Frankfort,  Ky. 

BELLE  DE  YITEY,  synonyme,  Admirahle  Tardive. 
Form,  approaching  oblate,  apex  depressed,  suture  deep  ; 
leaves,  serrated  without  glands;  flowers,  small;  flesh, 
rather  firm,  red  at  the  stone,  juicy,  and  rich  ;  color,  nearly 


214  W  E  S  T  E  K  X     FRUIT     BOOK. 

white,  tinged  and  marbled  with  bright  and  dull  red;  size, 
2;  quality,  1;  season,  September;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — This  is  distinct  from  the  Late  Admirable 
and  Early  Admirable,  often  called  the  same,  but  which  is 
six  weeks  earlier.  Both  of  the  latter  have  crenate  leaves, 
with  globose  glands.  This  is  a  great  fruit  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.     Flesh,  firm. 

BEEGEN,  or  Bergen  s  Yellow.  Form,  globular  ;  leaves, 
or  glands,  reniform  ;  flowers,  small ;  fleah,  yellow,  melting, 
luscious ;  color,  deep  orange,  with  a  broad  red  cheek  ;  size, 
1;  quality,!;  season,  August;  freestone.  It  differs  from 
the  Yellow  Eareripe ;  which,  however,  it  much  resembles 
in  its  more  oblate  form,  deeper  color,  better  flavor,  and 
ripening  about  ten  days  later,  and  in  its  glands  being  uni 
form.  A  moderate  and  regular  bearer.  It  is  probably 
the  finest  of  all  the  peaches,  with  yellov:  flesh.  It  came 
from  Long  Island,  IS".  Y. 

Bledsoe-'s  Seedling".  Form,  roundish  oblong,  leaves, 
glandless ;  flowers,  large ;  flesh,  mild,  sweet,  gratefal  ; 
color,  red  and  yellow ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  peaches  in  Kentuck}^ — at 
Frankfort. 

Blood  Clingstone.  Form,  suture,  distinct ;  leaves, 
glandless;  flowers,  large;  flesh,  deep  red  throughout, 
firm,  juicy ;  color,  dark,  clouded  purplish  red ;  size,  1 
(sometimes  twelve  inches  round)  ;  quality,  1  (for  pickling 
and  preserving);  season,  September;  clingstone,  as  its 
name  denotes. 

Eemarks. — For  pickling  and  preserving  only.  The  old 
French  Clingstone  is  not  so  large.     There  is  a  Blood  Free- 


PEACHES.  215 

stone,  a  variety  of  this,  size  2,  leaves  without  glands,  and 
not  worth  as  much. 

BEECKENEIDGE,  see  Old  Mixon  Cling. 

Remarks. — A  great  peach  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  and 
a  valuable  variety  ever^^where,  as  well  as  the  Old  Mixon 
Free;  both  good  kinds  for  market,  especially  the  latter. 

BKEYOOET.  Form,  round  and  slightly  oblate,  suture 
distinct,  deejD  at  apex  ;  leaves,  with  reniform  glands  ;  flow- 
ers, small ;  flesh,  rather  firm  and  slightly  red  at  stone, 
rich,  sweet  and  high  flavored  ;  color,  nearly  white,  with  a 
faint  cloudy  tinge,  a  bright  red  cheek ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  season,  August  or  Sej)tember ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Yery  good  for  the  garden.  From  New  York. 
A  choice  variety. 

Cable's  Late  Malacatune.     Freestone ;  yellow. 

Eemarks. — Is  ripe  about  a  week  after  Crawford's  Late. 
It  is  a  seedling  from  the  old  Eed  Cheek  Malacatune,  or 
Yellow  Malacatune,  the  parent  of  most  of  the  new  yellow 
peaches  lately  known. 

Carpenter's  Eed  Eareripe.  Form,  roundish  ;  leaves, 
roniform  inlands;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  melting,  juicy; 
ru lor.  red  and  white;  size,  2;  quality,  2;  season,  Septem- 
])or  :   freestone. 

ItE^MARKS. — A  great  peach  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky. 

Clark's  Early. 

Eemarks. — A  small  native  red  peach,  of  good  appear- 
ance, and  of  lively  and  decided  rich  flavor ;  the  earliest 
on  the  list ;  tree  of  rather  slow  growth;  productive  ;  fruit 
ripe  about  the  28th  of  July;  originated  in  St.  Louis,  and 


216  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

named  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Society  in  honor  of  Mr. 
Lewis  Clark,  who  raised  it. — Fruits  of  Missouri,  by  Thomas 
Allen,  of  St  Louis. 

Cole's  Early  Red.  Form,  roundish  ;  leaves,  or  glands, 
globose  ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  good,  but  rather  dry  ;  color, 
pale  yellow,  mostly  covered  with  red  ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 
to  3  ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — American.  Productive;  not  much  can  be 
said  in  its  favor,  beyond  this — at  any  rate,  for  the  West, 
where  we  have  so  many  finer  seedlings ;  and  to  these  the 
year  1855  witnessed  a  very  valuable  accession,  a  list  of 
which  is  given  at  the  end  of  the  description  of  this  fruit, 
which  see. 

COOLIDGE'S  FAVOEITE,  or  Coolidge's  Early  Red 
Rareripe.  Form,  round,  largest  on  one  side ;  leaves,  or 
glands,  globose  ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  melting,  rich,  juicy; 
rich,  sweet,  delicious  flavor ;  color,  white,  with  a  bright 
red  blush,  generally  mottled ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  quality,  1  to  2 ; 
season,  July  and  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks.  —  Tree,  stout,  healthy  and  prolific  bearer. 
Rather  too  tender  for  market.  Much  eaten  by  bees, 
wasps,  etc.,  on  account  of  its  delicate  texture;  and,  from 
the  same  cause,  injured  greatly  by  wet  weather  when 
ripening.  AYe  can  recommend  it  to  amateurs  and  for 
small  gardens,  yet  there  are  others  which  can  be  better 
depended  upon.  From  Watertown,  Massachusetts.  It  is 
named  after  a  gentleman  residing  there. 

COLUMBIA.  Form,  round,  with  a  shallow  crease,  or 
suture  all  round ;  glands,  or  leaves,  globose  ;  flowers, 
small;  flesh,  yellow,  often  shows  a  red  streak  next  the 
skin  ;  color,  dull  and  dingy  red,  curiously  marked  and 


PEACH  E  3".  217 

Btriped  with  dnrk  red  ;  size,  1  ;  quality,  1;  Bcason,  August ; 
freestone. 

Eemarks. — Origin,  New  Jersey.  Shoots,  dark  reddish 
par2:)le.  It  is  a  singular  and  peculiar  fruit.  Mr.  Coxe, 
one  of  the  best  and  earliest  writers  on  fruit  in  this  coun- 
try, very  practical,  and  whose  work  is  now  becoming 
scarce,  raised  it. — Coxe's  work  abounds  with  good  shaded 
likenesses,  encrraved  on  wood,  of  all  of  the  first-rate  fruits 
of  America.  Mr.  Coxe  considers  the  texture  of  this  peach 
very  like  a  pine  apj^le,  rich,  juicy,  and  of  very  excellent 
flavor.  Yery  fine.  Specimens  of  this  fruit  were  exhib- 
ited at  our  Fall  Exhibition,  in  1855  and  1856,  by  Mr.  Bush 
of  Covington,  and  others.  Mr.  Bush  has  succeeded  well 
with  many  fine  fruits,  and  particularly  with  plums,  last 
year  (1856)  saved  from  the  Curculio  in  a  yard  where  poul- 
try roosted  and  ran.  His  Eaule's  Janets  are  always 
splendid,  with  several  other  kinds.  This  may,  in  part, 
be  attributed  very  much  to  the  favorable  soil  and  hilly 
situation  in  Kentucky,  adjacent  to  Cincinnati.  It  is 
greatly  favorable,  also,  to  the  growth  of  strawberries  and 
raspberries.  The  hills  are  very  healthy,  and  what  is 
healthy  for  animal  life,  has  the  same  efi:ect,  in  a  great 
measure,  upon  vegetable  tissues. 

CEAWFOED'S  EAELY.  Form,  obovatc,  ovate  ;  leave.^ 
globose,  in  their  glands ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  yellow, 
juicy  ;  color,  yellow,  red  cheek;  size,  1 ;  quality.  1  ;  sea- 
son, August;  freestone. 

Eemarks.  —  Of  American  origin.  For  market  it  is 
planted  largely  hy  all  cultivators  as  the  best  of  the  yellow- 
fleshed  varieties.  It  is  a  very  prolific  bearer.  The  fruit 
is  rich  and  sweet,  if  it  has  the  benefit  and  advantage  of  a 
sunny  exposure ;  otherwise,  in  the  shade,  it  is  slightly 
acid.  This  is  another  of  the  most  valuable  kinds  rai^rod 
in  this  country,  from  seed.  It  is  not  so  common  here  to 
19 


218  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOCK. 

raise  this,  or  any  other  fruit,  by  the  ingenious  method  of 
impregnating  the  blossoms.  But,  as  time  advances,  there 
will,  it  is  hoped,  be  more  of  this  done  with  many  fruits, 
as  the  grape,  etc.  There  is  a  singular  fact  related  in 
Philips  Companion  to  the  Orcliarth  published  in  1831,  as 
follows :  "  T.  A.  Knight,  President  of  the  London  Horti- 
cultural Society,  procured  a  new  peach  bylhis  operation  : 
he  impregnated  the  pistillum  of  the  blossom  on  an  almond 
tree,  with  the  pollen  of  the  peach  flower  ;  and  this  almond, 
when  planted,  produced  a  peach  tree  instead  of  one  of  its 
own  kind,  and  has  since  ripened  peaches. — The  oldest 
trees  in  England,  of  from  forty  to  sixty  years,  generally 
yield  a  good  crop,  \vhen  younger  ones  fail ;  the  finest 
peaches  having  been  gathered  from  trees  of  the  greatest 
age.     flow  different  from  our  climate! 

CBAWFORD'S  LATE.  Form,  round ;  suture,  shallow  ; 
leaves,  crenated  with  globose  glands;  flowers,  small ;  flesh, 
red  at  the  stone,  juicy,  vinous,  hardly  first-rate;  color, 
yellow,  with  a  broad  dark  red  cheek;  size,  1  ;  quality,  1 
to  2 ;  season,  September  and  October ;  freestone. 

Bemarks. — This  deserves  a  place  in  all  collections. 
Productive.  It  is  among  the  first  as  a  late  variety  for 
market.  Origin,  New  Jersey.  The  Red  Cheek  Malacatune 
is  mistaken  for  it  in  some  localities.  Suits  the  Northern, 
Middle  and  Western  States,  as  a  market  variety,  as  well 
as  Crawford's  Early. 

EarLy  Anne.     See  Anne  Early. 

Early  Red.     See  Cole's. 

EARLY  TILLOTSON.     See  Tillotson. 

EARLY  TROTH.     See  Troth's  Earlv. 


PEACHES.  218 

Early  Admirable  (not  Belle  de  Vitry,  nor  Admirable'). 
Form,  nearly  round;  leaves,  crenate,  with  globose  glands; 
flowers,  large ;  flesh,  red  at  the  stone,  juicy,  rich,  sweet, 
iine ;  color,  nearly  white,  with  a  red  cheek ;  size,  2;  qual- 
ity, 2  ;  season,  June  and  July. 

Eemarks. — Quite  early,  ripening  very  soon  after  Ser- 
rate Early  York.     French  origin. 

Early  Newington;  freestone.  Form,  roundish,  with 
a  distinct  suture ;  leaves,  with  reniform  glands ;  flowers, 
small ;  flesh,  white,  but  red  at  the  stone,  to  which  many 
tentacles  adhere,  particularly  if  not  fully  ripe ;  color,  pale 
yellowish  white,  dotted  and  streaked  with  red,  with  a  rich 
red  cheek ;  size,  2  to  1  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  after  the  Early 
York,  about  the  latter  end  of  July,  or  beginning  of  August. 
Supposed  to  be  American. 

Early  Newington;  clingstone;  or  Smith's  Newington, 
of  the  English.  Form,  rather  oval,  narrower  at  the  top, 
and  one  half  a  little  enlarged ;  leaves,  serrated,  without 
glands  ;  flowers,  large ;  flesh,  firm,  pale  yellow,  but  light 
red  at  the  stone,  firmly  adhering ;  color,  pale  straw  color, 
with  a  lively  red  cheek  streaked  with  purple ;  size,  2 ; 
quality,  2;  season,  first  of  August. 

Eemarks. — Not  much  cultivated  in  this  country,  where 
we  have  many  better;  yet  it  is  one  of  the  best  early 
clingstone  peaches.  It  is  of  English  origin.  With  regard 
to  the  efi'ects  of  soil,  climate,  and  location,  on  fruits, 
nearly  all  the  books  which  have  been  written  in  Amer- 
ica, have  taken  by  far  too  large  a  range  of  region,  or 
country,  embracing,  indeed,  the  whole  United  States,  and 
some  of  those  which  were  but  lately  Territories.  It  is 
seldom  that  these  works  have  been  particular  enough  in 
their  pages  to  designate  any  particular  portion  of  the 
whole  country,  to  which  any  fruit  was  specially  adapted. 


220  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

And  yet  any  person,  who  litis  paid  the  slightest  attention 
to  the  growing  of  fruit,  nmst  certainly  be  well  aware,  that 
from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  miles,  generally,  forms 
the  diameter  of  a  circle  in  which  many  kinds  of  fruit  can 
be  profitably  and  successfully  raised.  It  is  realh'  neces- 
sary that  every  locality  should  have  its  own  fruits  min- 
utely and  carefully  described,  and  every  thing  relative  to 
their  character,  quality,  size,  use,  season,  appearance, 
color,  flavor,  their  j^opularity  in  market,  keeping,  etc.,  etc.. 
most  accurately  pointed  out.  In  the  first  place,  the  soil 
has  a  powerful  influence  in  the  modification  of  fruit — to 
such  a  degree  that  some  are  of  fine  size,  and  of  the  great- 
est excellence,  in  one  soil,  and  of  very  little,  if  any  value 
in  another.  It  also  changes  the  time  of  their  maturity, 
and  has  a  great  efi'ect  on  the  vigor  and  health  of  a  tree, 
its  size,  and  age,  or  longevity.  Climate,  also,  has  a  most 
important  effect  upon  both  trees  and  fruit.  Some  kinds 
will  succeed  only  where  they  have  been  raised,  not  being 
able  to  endure,  without  much  injury,  their  removal,  two 
hundred,  or  even  one  hundred  miles,  in  any  direction, 
from  their  native  place ;  while  others,  again,  seem  to  suc- 
ceed well  in  almost  every  latitude,  and  even  in  foreign 
lands.  Most  of  the  apples  of  Europe  are  failures  with  us; 
and  how  much  is  it  desirable  that  we  should  have  a  most 
critical  acquaintance  with  them,  so  as  to  be  able  to  point 
out  to  new-beginners  the  fruit  which  Avill  answer  their 
expectations,  satisfy  their  palates,  assist  their  pockets, 
and  save  their  time. 

Early  Sweetwater.  Form,  roundish,  with  a  slight 
suture;  leaves,  with  globose  glands ;  flowers,  large  ;  flesh, 
white,  melting,  juicy,  sweet,  and  pleasant;  color,  palo 
white,  very  seldom  with  a  faint  blush  when  fully  exposed  ; 
size,  2  ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  July  and  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Early.      Eipens  not   long  after  the  Early 


PEACHES.  ^  221 

A.nne,  and  two  weeks  earlier  than  the  Early  York.  Amer- 
ican, from  the  seed  of  the  Early  Anne,  to  which  it  has 
been  compared,  but  it  is  larger  and  better. 

EAELY  YOEK,  or  Serrate  Early  York,  or  True  Early 
Yurh.  Form,  round,  ovate  ;  loaves,  serrated,  without 
glands  ;  flowers,  large  ;  flesh,  greenish  white,  tender,  melt- 
ing, filled  with  rich,  sprightly  juice  ;  color,  pale  red,  dotted 
or  greenish  white  in  shade;  size,  2;  quality,  1;  season, 
July :  freestone. 

Eemarks. — The  Coolidge's  Favorite,  Eoyal  George,  and 
some  others,  come  after  this  fine  fruit.  There  has  been  a 
considerable  mixing  up,  and  difficulty  with  the  proper 
nomenclature  of  this  peach,  and  others,  similar  to  it.  It 
has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  the  Xew  York  Eareripe, 
and  the  Large  Early  York,  both  of  which  are  distinct 
kinds.  Tree,  hardy  and  productive.  It  holds  a  high  rank 
among  American  cultivators.  It  is  the  first  really  fine, 
early  peach,  which  ripens. 

GEOEGE  THE  FOUETII;  with  twenty-five  syno- 
nymes.  Form,  round;  glands,  globose;  flowers,  small, 
dull  red  ;  flesh,  pale  red  at  stone  ;  color,  yellowish  white, 
with  bright  red  dots ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  July 
and  August. 

Remarks. — Probably  the  greatest  peach  for  amateur 
culture  in  the  United  States.  It  is  of  large  size.  Its  fla- 
vor is  very  high.  The  tree  is  so  healthy  and  so  produc- 
tive, that  it  is  suited  to  all  parts  of  the  Union,  as  the 
National  Pomological  Society  has  decided.  No  garden 
is  complete  without  it.  It  is  an  American  seedling,  from 
Mr.  Gill,  Broad  street,  New  York. 

GEOSSE  MIGNONNE.  Form,  round;  glands,  glo- 
bose ;  flowers,  large ;  flesh,  yellowish  white,  marked  with 


222  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

red  at  the  stone,  melting,  juicy,  with  a  very  rich,  high, 
vinous  flavor ;  color,  dull  greenish  yellow,  mottled  with 
red,  and  having  a  purplish  red  cheek;  size,  1  ;  quality,  1 ; 
season,  beginning  of  August;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — The  universal,  high  estimation  in  which  this 
celebrated  peach  is  held,  may  be  known,  if  from  nothing 
else,  like  the  Bartlett  pear,  from  the  great  number  of  dif- 
ferent names,  or  synonymes  which  arc  attached  to  it.  It 
is  a  good  and  regular  bearer,  a  large  and  handsome  fruit, 
and  flourishes  well,  even  in  rather  uncongenial  clim.ates, 
like  Boston,  and  in  nearly  all  soils. 

HEATH  CLIXG,  Late  Heath,  or  Heath.  Form,  oblate, 
narrow  at  both  ends;  glands,  serrated;  flowers,  small; 
color,  greenish  t\'^hite ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Remarks. — American.  A  very  valuable  kind  in  the 
West  and  South.  Used  most  for  preserves.  Of  a  juicy, 
rich,  luscious  flavor.  It  often  reproduces  itself  from  the 
seed.  Trees  very  hard}^,  and  producing  often  when  oth- 
ers fail.  The  fruit  wall  keep  long,  in  a  cool  room,  wraj^t 
in  paper.  This  peach  is  at  the  greatest  perfection  in  the 
State  of  Maryland,  It  is  equal  to  the  very  best  when 
perfectly  rij^e,  and  the  best  for  preserving.  The  juice  is 
most  plentiful. 

HiNE  Seedling.  Form,  round  ;  leaves,  globose  ;  flow- 
ers, large;  flesh,  juicy,  sweet,  good  ;  color,  red  and  yellow; 
size,  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September ;  clingstone. 

Remarks. — American  ;  from  the  Heath  Cling,  but  of 
finer  color,  and  believed  to  be  earlier.  Raised  by  Daniel 
Hine,  of  Talmadge,  Ohio.  Fruit  premium  awarded  to  it 
by  the  Ohio  Pomological  Society. 

HONEST  JOHN,  see  Nexo   York  Rareripe,  La   Grange. 


PEACHES.  223 

Form,  oblong,  shaped  somewhat  like  the  Heath  Cling; 
color,  greenish  white,  generally  some  red  on  the  side  of 
the  sun;  leaves,  with  reniform  glands;  flowers,  small; 
flesh,  pale,  melting,  juioy,  high  flavored,  delicious  and 
sweet;  size,  1;  quality,  1;  season,  October;  freestone. 

Eemarks.  —  Part  of  its  great  value  is  its  very  late 
maturity.  It  has  also  fine  flavor.  It  is  valuable  both  for 
the  table  and  preserving,  the  latter  for  its  lateness. 

Hyslop.  Form,  oblate  roundish  ;  glands,  reniform  ; 
flowers,  small;  flesh,  juicy,  melting,  lich,  luscious;  color, 
white,  deep  rich  red  cheek;  size,  1;  quality,  1;  season, 
September;  clingstone. 

Remarks. — For  Northern  climates  this  is  a  most  desira- 
ble fruit — more  so  than  the  Heath  Cling.  The  latter  is 
best  for  us,  and  nothing  of  the  kind  is  capable  of  taking 
its  place,  from  its  peculiar  qualities,  lateness  and  firmness, 
juiciness,  etc.,  for  preserves  in  particular.  Trees  of  the 
Hyslop  prolific,  healthy  and  most  hardy. 

INC03IPARABLE,   Pavie  Admirable,   Late  Admirable^  Cling. 
Remarks. — This  is  only  worthy  of  cultivation  for  mar- 
ket.    Season,  September. 

Jaques,  Jaques'  Rareripe.  Form,  round ;  glands,  reni- 
form ;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  yellow,  red  at  stone;  color, 
downy  dull  yellow,  with  a  red  cheek  ;  size,  1 ;  qualit}^,  1 ; 
season.  iVugust ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — A  good  market  variety.  Not  of  the  high- 
est flavor,  bat  very  saleable.  A  very  sure  bearer.  Juicy, 
rich,  slightly  sub-acid.  Vigorous  and  productive.  There 
are  various  opinions  regarding  the  character  of  this  peach. 
It  is  good  in  some  places  and  indiff'erent  in  others.  It  is 
not  so  eas}^  to  determine  the  characters  of  peaches  and 
pear5  as  apples — so  many  new  are  continually  coming  in. 


;224  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK, 

Some  that  have  come  in  with  good  names  and  a  high  rep- 
utation elsewhere,  have  been  discarded.  A  few  should  be 
our  main  dependence.  Every  book  on  this  subject 
strongly  recommends  some  ])articular  kinds.  People  ex- 
pect that  nurserymen  should  grow  all  those  which  are 
recommended.  They  go  to  work  and  get  up  all  this  stock 
for  three  or  four  years,  and,  by  the  time  they  are  ready, 
something  has  been  found  wrong  about  them;  others  come 
into  notice  and  are  praised;  these  again  fixil  in  some  way, 
and  it  is,  therefore,  a  hard  task  for  growers  to  keep  up 
with  the  fashions  in  this  way.  The  fact  is,  a  few  very 
good  and  well  tried  kinds  should  embrace  our  main  sup- 
ply and  dependence. 

LAEGE  EAELY  YOEK.     See  Early  York. 

Large  Early.  Xot  a  synonyme  of  Large  Early  York. 
It  is  not  so  early  as  that  fruit.  It  is  of  very  rich,  delicious 
flavor.  Color,  whitish,  red  cheek,  purplish  in  the  sun  ; 
stone  very  small;  size,  1;  quality,  2;  season,  August  and 
September. 

Large  White  Clingstone.  From  New  York,  Adapted 
to  the  Middle  States.  Excellent  for  preserves.  Season, 
September. 

LATE  ADMIEABLE.  Form,  roundish,  slightly  oval ; 
large  suture,  small  point  at  top  ;  glands,  globose  ;  flow^ers 
small;  flesh,  greenish  white,  red  at  the  stone,  melting, 
very  juicy,  and  most  delicious;  color,  yellowish  green, 
pale  red  cheek,  marbled  with  dark  red  ;  size,  1,  very  large; 
equality,  2 ;  season,  August  and  September. 

Eemarks. — Fine  for  a  private  garden  ;  rather  too  deli- 
cate for  carriage ;  but  very  deservedly  popular  among 
amateur  fruitiers.     Origin,  France. 


PEACHES.  226 

Late  Eed  Rareripe,  Prince's  Red  Rareripe. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best  for  general  culture;  season, 

August. 

Lemon  Clingstone. 

Remarks. — Large  and  popular  for  market.  Native  of 
South  Carolina.  Season,  September.  Clingstone  peaches 
arc  not  generally  appreciated.  Certainly,  in  comparison 
with  them  for  immediate,  and  convenient  and  delicious 
eating,  the  freestone  peach,  2:ipovided  it  is  sufficiently 
juicy,  is  generally  preferred.  But  for  some  culinary  pur- 
poses, they  are  greatly  superior  to  freestones.  There  is  a 
firmness,  substance,  flavor,  and  juiciness  possessed  by  them 
which  gives  them  advantages  when  made  into  pies  and 
pickles.  They  may  be  sent  to  more  distant  markets,  or 
kept  longer  at  home,  than  other  varieties.  They  may  be 
picked  and  remain  several  days  before  fully  ripe,  while 
freestones  have  to  be  hurried  off  for  immediate  sale.  The 
Late  Heath  Clingstone  can  be  picked  a  little  time  before 
frost,  and  kept  sometimes  several  weeks  on  shelves  in  a 
cool  placC;  and  for  a  much  longer  time  in  a  Schooley  Fruit 
House — a  considerable  time  into  Winter. 

MxlLACATUNE.  Form,  round,. ovate  ;  leaves,  globose  ; 
flowers,  small ;  flesh,  deep  yellow ;  color,  yellow,  deep  red 
cheek;  size,  1;  quality,  1;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks.  —  American.  Popular  everywhere.  A  fine 
and  lovely  fruit.  Some  of  the  finest  peaches  have  been 
derived  from  it — as  Crawford's  Early  and  Late,  etc.  This 
is  of  Spanish  origin. 

MORRIS  RED  RARERIPE.  Form,  round;  glands, 
or  leaves,  globose ;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  greenish  white, 
red  at  stone ;  color,  greenish  white,  red  cheek ;  size,  1 ; 
quality,  1;  season,  July;  freestone. 


226  WESTERN    PEXJIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Everywhere  valued  greatly ;  tree  prolific, 
strong,  and  healthy.  Origin,  Philadelphia.  Eipens  a  few 
days  later  than  George  lY. ;  bears  heavier  crops  and 
fairer  fruit. 

MOEEIS  WHITE.  Form,  oval;  glands  reniform ; 
flowers,  small ;  flesh,  white  to  stone  ;  color,  downy,  green- 
ish white;  size,  1;  quality,  2;  season,  August;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Eest  for  the  South  and  South-west ;  more 
valuable  North  for  preserving  and  cooking.  Moderately 
prolific.     Tree  of  great  vigor  and  strength, 

MONSTEOUS  CLING.  Eorm,  round  obovate;  glands, 
reniform;  flowers,  large:  flesh,  yellowish  white,  deep  red 
at  stone;  color,  yellowish  white,  some  red;  size,  1,  very 
large  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  and  October  ;  cling- 
stone. 

Eemarks. — Good  for  market  profit,  on  account  of  its 
great  size  ;  requires  a  soil  that  is  both  deep  and  very  fer- 
tile.    Of  foreign  extraction.  ^ 

MOEEIS  EED,  New  York  Rareripe,  or  Honest  John, 
Form,  round ;  glands,  globose ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh, 
almost  white  ;  color,  whitish,  dots  of  red,  clear  red  to  sun  ; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — New  York  Eareripe  of  Coxe. 

NiVETTE.  Form,  roundish,  slightly  oval ;  leaves,  glo- 
bose ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  greenish  white ;  color,  yellow- 
ish green,  red  cheek :  size,  1 ;  quality,  2  ;  season,  August; 
freestone. 

Eemarks. — A  good  fruit,  both  for  the  North  and  South. 
A  regular  bearer ;  a  rich,  delicious  flavor. 

NOBLESSE,  or  Vanguard.  Form,  round  obovate ;  leaves. 


P  E  A  0  H  X  s .  227 

without  glands;  flowers,  large;  flesh,  greenish  Avhite ; 
color,  pale  greenish  white ;  two  shades  of  red  to  sun  ;  size, 
1  to  2 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — English  ;  of  the  highest  character.  "Wherever 
it  has  been  tried  it  has  given  great  satisfaction.  Most  de- 
licious and  valuable.  Tree,  hardy  and  productive.  No 
cultivator  should  be  without  it. — In  the  London  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden,  at  Chiswick,  even  as  early  as  1826, 
we  find  that  they  have  at  least  fifty  varieties  of  the  native 
peaches  of  America — the  selection  from  tlie  extensive  na- 
tive orchards  of  this  fruit,  raised  iu  tiie  Middle  and  West- 
ern States,  for  distillation  and  other  purposes.  All  these, 
many  of  which  are  so  fine  in  our  climate,  and  which  are 
so  grateful  to  travelers,  as  well  as  ourselves,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  only  iivo^  are  rejected  as  worthless,  not  being 
adapted  to  their  latitude ;  and,  owing  to  the  want  of  sun 
and  length  of  season,  even  on  walls  and  the  w^armest  as- 
pects and  situations  to  which  they  are  obliged  to  confine 
them.  It  is  about  the  same  with  our  other  native  fruits, 
so  superior  in  our  own  climate — on  trial  they  are  also 
obliged  to  reject  them — the  splendid  and  delicious  apples 
of  America — the  selections  of  two  centuries.  On  the  other 
hand,  there  are  not,  comparatively,  a  great  number  of 
foreign  fruits,  particularly  those  of  ]!^orthern  latitudes, 
which,  when  brought  down  to  our  own,  do  not  lose  a  great 
portion  of  that  high  reputation  which  they  may  have  there 
been  entitled  to,  compared  with  our  native  seedlings. 
There  are,  however,  some  foreign  fruits  which  enjoy  a  lat- 
itude more  like  our  own,  as  the  Mela  Carle,  from  Italy, 
one  of  the  greatest'  apples  in  the  world — at  least  it  is  so 
considered — which  do  very  well  with  us,  although  this 
apple,  in  the  climate  of  England,  is  a  very  ordinary  fruit, 
and  although  the  temperature  of  our  climate  is  very  con- 
siderably difl'erent  from  those  parts  of  Europe,  of  Asia, 
and  of  Africa,  in  latitudes  which  are  very  similar  to  them. 


228  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

OLD  MIXON ;  cling.  Form,  round  ovate ;  glands, 
globose;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  pale  white,  with  red 
dots ;  color,  yellowish  white  ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  sea- 
son, August. 

Eemarks.  —  American.  Deserving,  with  H^'slop,  a 
place  in  every  collection.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  of 
clingstone  j^eacli^es  ;  ripens  in  the  first  part  of  Autumn. 

OLD  MIXON ;  free.  Form,  roundish  oval ;  glands, 
globose;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  white,  with  red  at  stone; 
color,  yellowish  white,  and  pale  green  with  dull  red  min- 
gled ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  September  and  October. 

Eemarks. — Merits  a  place  in  every  collection.  Stands 
late  frosts,  in  the  Spring,  better  than  any  other,  and  ripens 
for  market  when  most  other  varieties  are  out.  All  this 
makes  it  uncommonly  profitable.  A  rather  ugly,  strag- 
gling grower.  In  selecting  trees  from  a  nursery,  choose 
them  more  because  of  their  strength  and  vigor  of  body, 
than  for  the  beauty,  or  symmetry  of  their  form,  or  the 
greatness  of  their  hight.  If  a  tree  has  good  roots,  chiefly, 
it  will  take  good  care  of  itself,  and  Avill  grow  according 
to  its  character.  It  will  be  sure  to  assume  its  true,  natu- 
ral shape.  Mr.  Sayers,  a  good  nurseryman,  informs  us, 
that  he  is  often  quite  glad  to  retain  the  trees  that  most 
persons  reject.  Though  trees  may  have  lost  some  of  their 
leading  branches,  or  are  otherwise  apparently  deformed, 
when  there  is  a  strong  constitution  they  will  soon  outgrow 
such,  in  reality,  slight  defects. 

Orange  Clingstone.  Form,  round  ;  leaves,  no  glands  ; 
flow^ers,  small ;  flesh,  yellow;  color,  deej^,  or  dark  red,  red 
cheek  at  times  ;  size,  2;  quality,  2;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — American.     Firm,  juicy,  vinous. 

PEESIDENT.    Form,  roundish  ovate;  glands,  globose; 


I'wiSy 


gS%)p' 


Ti/BddMon,.  mdlaux-  *  C?  cln-.  O. 


PvO'DMAN'SMD  CLING. 

iNTatuTalSize. 


PEACHES.  229 

flowers,  small;  flesh, -white,  red  at  stone;  color,  downy 
pale  yellowish  green,  red  cheek;  size,  1  to  2 ;  quality,  1; 
season,  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — Ripens  a  little  later  than  Morris  White,  or 
middle  of  August.  Similar  to  the.  Rareripes,  a  great 
acquisition  as  a  market  fruit.  Rich,  sweet,  juicy,  high 
flavor. 

PRIXCE'S  RED  RARERIPE.    See  Late  Red  Rareripe. 

RED  CHEEK  MALACATUNE.     See  Malacatune. 

RODMAN'S  CLING,  or  Red.  Form,  oblong;  glands, 
reniform  ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  white,  firm,  juicy;  colorj 
mostly  red  in  sun ;  size.  1  ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  August  and 
September;  clingstone. 

Remarks. — Recommended  by  R.  Buchanan,  A.  II.  Ernst, 
and  J.  A.  Warder,  to  the  American  Pomological  Society. 

RosEBANK.  Form,  round,  compressed  at  apex  ;  flesh, 
thick,  whitish  ^^ellow,  very  little  red  about  st'-me  ;  color, 
whitish  yellow,  red  cheek;  size,  2;  quality,  1;  season, 
August. 

Remarks. — American.  Trees,  healthy,  moderate,  but 
regular  bearers.     Juicy,  rich,  excellent  flavor. 

Royal  Kensington.  See  Grosse  Mignonne,  Stetson's 
Seedling.  Form,  roundish,  full  at  the  base,  and  tapering 
a  little  to  a  very  prominent  point  at  the  apex;  suture, 
very  indistinct,  with  a  moderately  deep  and  narrow  cavity 
at  the  stem;  glands,  globose;  flowers,  small;  color, 
slightly  downy,  greenish  white,  delicately  and  beautifully 
marbled  and  abruptly  shaded  with  deep  crimson  on  the 
sunny  side ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  1  ;  season.  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — This  fine  peach  ranks  with  the  Xoblesse,  in 


230  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

size,  surpassing  it  in  beauty,  and  equaling  it  in  its  deli- 
cious flavor.  It  was  an  accidental  seedlino;.  It  is  amono* 
the  very  choicest  in  cultivation.  Although,  like  this, 
many  fine  peaches  are  raised  from  seed,  yet  to  rely  upon 
this  mode  for  the  general  purposes  of  cultivation,  as  Mr. 
Hovey  remarks,  is  neither  economy  of  time  nor  money. 
Budding  is  the  most  certain  method,  and  will  be  the 
means  of  saving  both  time  and  money. 

Sweet  Water.     See  Early  Sweet  Water. 

SMOCK  FEEE.  Form,  ovate;  flesh,  bright  yellow, 
red  at  stone  ;  color,  light  orange  yellow,  red  mottled  ;  size, 
1 ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  October. 

Eemarks. — Yery  late.  Much  esteemed  for  orchard  cul- 
ture.    From  ISTew  Jersey. 

Snow.  Form,  oval ;  leaves,  reniform  ;  flowers,  small ; 
flesh,  white,  juicy;  color,  thin,  clear  white  ;  size,  2;  qual- 
ity, 2  ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — American.  Eequires  sunny  exposures,  and 
rich,  deep  soils.  The  blossoms  of  this  variety  are  white, 
and  the  w^ood  is  a  light  green.  Prune  this  tree  rather 
low.  Low-headed  trees  are,  on  many  accounts,  to  be  pre- 
ferred, in  our  climate,  even  for  the  apple,  the  great  orch- 
ard fruit.  These  should  have  their  training  commenced 
in  the  nursery ;  but  it  is  seldom  there  attempted,  on 
account  of  the  desii-e  of  most  purchasers  to  see  tall  trees. 
Often,  mere  w^hip-stalks,  trimmed  up  clean  and  straight, 
wall  sell  more  readily  than  stout,  stock}'  young  trees,  con- 
taining every  element  of  future  beauty  and  usefulness. 
Always  select  such  when  it  is  possible  ;  remembering  that 
the  ground  planted  in  fruit  should  not  be  appropriated  to 
pasturage,  and  hence  the  tall  stems  are  not  needed  to 
keep  the  fruit  and   foliage  up  out  of  the  reach  of  cattle. 


PEACHES.  231 

A  frequent  examination  of  their  condition  should  be  made 
during  the  growing  season,  and  Avith  good  judgment,  and 
small  sacrifice  of  wood,  great  good  may  be  effected.  This 
should  consist  in  stopping  rambling,  or  rampant  shoots, 
either  by  pinching  their  buds  with  the  thumb  and  finger, 
or  cutting  them,  back  with  the  knife  :  here,  however,  is 
the  point  to  exercise  great  judgment.  In  branching  the 
tree  it  should  be  an  object  from  the  first,  to  divide  the 
head  among  more  than  two  main  limbs,  since  the  division 
into  only  two  is  more  apt  to  be  followed  by  injury  from 
splitting  in  after  years,  from  the  weight  of  the  fruit  and 
foliage,  than  when  the  strain  is  more  divided. 

St.  Louis. 

Remarks. — So  called  by  the  Chairman.  A  large  yel- 
low peach,  native  of  this  country.  Chiefly  valuable  for 
its  large  size,  and  marketable  qualities. — Fruits  of  Mis- 
souri,  by  Thomas  Allen,  of  St.  Louis. 

TETON  DE  YENUS.  Form,  round,  divided  by  fur- 
rows ;  flesh,  red  near  stone ;  color,  fine  yellow,  red  down 
next  sun  ;  size,  1 ;  quality,!;  season,  August;   freestone. 

Remarks. — See  Late  Admirable  ;  identical. 

TiLLOTSON.  Form,  round;  leaves,  glandless;  flowers, 
small ;  flesh,  white,  red  at  stone ;  color,  nearly  white,  red 
dots,  dark  red  next  sun  ;  size,  2;  quality,  1  ;  season,  July, 

Remarks. — A  few  days  before  the  Early  York.  Amer- 
ican. Requires  a  good  rich  soil.  It  is  nearly  the  earliest 
fruit  known.  Trees  hardy,  but  not  good  bearers  while 
young.  Yery  good  for  early  marketing.  Juicy,  rich, 
hiffh  flavor. 


'&' 


TIPPECANOE.     Form,  roundish;   glands,  reniform; 


232  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

flowers,  small;  flesh,  yellow;  color,  yellow,  red  in  sun; 
size,  1  ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  August  to  September. 

Kemarks. — American.     Juicy,  sprightly.     Yery   good. 

TROTH'S  EARLY. 

Remarks. — Yery  fine.  "Excellently  adapted  for  the 
localit}^  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Cary. 

Yan  Zandt's  Superb.  Form,  round,  one  side  enlarged 
glands,  obscure;  flowers,  small;  flesh,  white,  red  at  stone 
color,  Avhite,  marbled  with  clear  red  ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2 
season,  August. 

Remarks.  —  American.  Not  fit  for  market,  but  for 
small  gardens  for  dessert.  In  this  place  it  will  be  highly 
prized  by  amateurs. 

YAN  GUARD.     See  Noblesse. 

WALTERS'  EARLY.  Form,  globular,  flattened ;  glands, 
globose;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  white,  red  at  stone;  color, 
white,  rich  red  cheek;  size,  1  to  2 :  quality,  1;  season, 
August ;  freestone. 

Remarks. — American.  A  variety  very  popular  among 
orchardists.  Adapted  to  light  soils.  Trees  healthy, 
hardy  and  productive. 

Washington.  Form,  broad,  depressed,  with  a  broad 
deep  suture  extending  nearly  around  it ;  leaves,  globose; 
flowers,  small ;  flesh,  yellowish  white  ;  color,  yellowish 
T^'hite ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  September  ;  freestone. 

Remarks.  —  American.  Tender,  juicy,  sweet.  Fruit 
ri^Dens  late. 

White  Imperial.     Form,   roundish :   leaves,  globose ; 


PEACHES.  233 

flowers,    small ;    flesh,    mealy,    white ;     color,    yellowish 
white  ;  size,  1 ;  qualit}',  3 ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Valuable  for  the  North.  Melting,  juicy; 
sweet,  delicate,  delicious  flavor. 

Ward's  Freestone.  Form,  roundish  ;  flowers,  small ; 
flesh,  mealy,  white;  color,  yellowish  white,  red  cheek 
when  exposed  to  sun ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  quality,  1 ;  season, 
September ;  freestone. 

'Remarks. — x4.merican.  One  of  the  very  best  late  fruits. 
Trees  vigorous,  healthy;  not  too  rapid  growth.  Juicy, 
vinous,  and,  for  a  late  peach,  sweet  and  delicious  flavor. 
Invaluable  for  late  i^reservins*. 

JL  O 

YELLOW  RED  RARERIPE.  Form,  round;  glands, 
globose ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  deep  yellow,  red  at  stone ; 
color,  deep  orange  yellow,  red  dots,  rich  red  cheek,  shaded 
ofl"  in  streaks;  size,  1  ;  qualit}',  2 ;  season,  July  to  August. 

Remarks. — American.  The  greatest  fruit,  either  for 
market  or  garden.  Very  desirable  to  get  it  correct,  as 
there  are  some  spurious  sorts.  Juicy,  melting ;  rich, 
vinous,  nearly  first-rate  flavor. 

I  will  close  this  description  of  peaches  b}"  remarking 
that  in  planting  all  kinds  of  trees,  one  important  thing 
should  be  strictly  observed,  which  is,  not  to  plant  too 
deep.  The  roots  should  have,  as  much  as  possible,  all  the 
beneficial  influences  of  air  and  light.  This  is  according 
to  nature.  We  may  observe  it  in  those  trees  which  spring 
up  naturally.  So  much  the  more  the  crown  of  the  plant, 
which  may  not  improperly  be  called  the  seat  of  life,  is 
below  the  surface,  so  much  the  worse.  To  plant  this  deej:) 
is  to  go  contrary  to  nature.  There  are  two  difl'erent  kinds 
of  roots.  One  set  holds  the  tree  in  the  ground,  and 
the  other,  the  spongioles,  take  up  or  absorb  the  liquid 
20 


234  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

nourishment.  The  main  tap  roots  are  in  connection  with 
the  heart  of  the  plant.  In  one  word,  it  is  very  desirable  to 
know  what  is  the  proper  depth  to  plant,  whether  it  be  the 
seeds  or  the  roots.  In  either  case,  w^e  believe,  no  deeper 
than  what  is  necessary  for  its  protection  from  too  much 
sun,  and  what  is  requisite  for  it  to  partake  of  proper  nu- 
triment from  the  soil,  with  moisture,  and  a  certain  degree 
of  heat  and  air. 

Seedling  Peaches  exhibited   before  the   Horticultural  Societyaon 

different  occasions. 

Bledsoe's  Seedling,  at  Frankfort,  Ky.     Yery  good. 

Carter's  Seedling,  back  of  Newport,  Ky.  Very  good ; 
freestone. 

GrADDis's  Seedling,  back  of  Newport,  Ky.     Freestone. 
Good. 

COOK'S  SEEDLING;  Nursery,  Walnut  Hills.     Yery 
good,  and  immensely  productive. 

Ive's  Seedling.     Cincinnati.     Yaluable. 

Mottier's  Seedling.     Good. 

BUSH'S  SEEDLING.     Covington.     Good. 

Hooper's  Seedling,  back  of  Newport.     Good. 

KITTEEDGE'S  SEEDLING.     Good. 

Hoffner's  Seedling.     CumminsviUe.     Yery  Good. 


PEACHES.  2a5 


PRtriTS   OP  OHIO. 

Statement  of  E.  Buchanan,  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  J.  A.  Warder, 
of  Cincinnati^  Hamilton  counfy^  Ohio,  as  reported  to  the  Amer- 
ican Fomological  Societij,  at  their  annual  meeting,  held  at  the 
City  of  Boston,  in  September,  1854. 

PEACHES. 

"Average  bearing  every  other  year,  or  one  out  of  two 
or  three,  in  favorable  positions.  linearly  every  variety 
Bucceeds  here,  and  our  warm  suns  and  soils  have  provided 
some  splendid  sjDecimens  in  favorable  seasons. 

"  Th.e  worm  is  kept  from  destroying  the  trees  by  the 
usual  methods — picking  out,  and  placing  ashes,  lime,  or 
warm  manures  around  the  stem  of  the  tree  at  the  root. 
The  latter  is  preferred,  as  the  peach-tree  is  a  great  feeder, 
and  requires  manure  and  good  culture.  With  these  requi- 
sites, no  yellows  need  be  feared  in  this  region.  It  is  only 
necessary  to  give  the  following  as  a  few  of  the  varieties 
in  general  culture : 

"  Baltimore  Eose,  Coolidge's  Favorite,  Crawford's  Earl}^, 
Crawford's  Late,  Early  York,  George  lY.,  Crosse  Mig- 
nonne,  Jaques'  Eareripe,  Late  Admirable,  Late  Heath 
Cling,  Morris'  Eed,  Morris'  White,  New  York  Eareripe, 
Old  Mixon,  President,  Eodman's  Cling." 

List  of  one  hundred.  Peaches  for  the  vicimty  of  Cincinnati. 

Eed  Magdalen,  10;  Early  York,  5 ;  Xew  York  Eare- 
ripe, 10;  Eed  Cheek  Malacatune,  5;  Morris'  Eed,  5  ;  Late 
Apricot  Peach,  10;  Baltimore  Eose  Cling,  5;  Columbia, 
5;  Morris' White,  10;  President,  5;  Mammoth  Cling,  5 ; 
Yellow  Admirable.  10  ;  ]^ewington  Cling,  5. 

For  Preserves. — Heath  Cling.  October.  5. 


23(5  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

List  of  Peaches  recommended  hy  the  Ohio    State   Pomological 

Society  for  Ohio, 
Large  Early  York    (not    serrate) ;    Crawford's   Early 
Malacatune ;    George  the  IV. ;    New  York  Kareripe,  or 
Morris'  Eed ;  Old  3Iixon  Free  ;  Old  Mixon  Cling ;  Craw- 
ford's Late  ;  Smock  Free  ;  Heath  Cling. 

• 
List  of  Peaches  for  Southern  and  Central  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Southern  Iowa.  Northern  Kentucky,  Maryland^  Tennessee,  and 
Northern  Missouri, 

THE    TY/ELYE    BEST   FOR    GARDENS. 

Bergen's  Yellow.     Season,  early  July  to  early  Sept. 

Cooledge's  Fay^orite.     Season,  early  July  to  last  Aug. 

Early  York.     Season,  middle  June  to  middle  Aug. 

Grosse  Mignonne.     Season,  early  July  to  middle  Aug. 

Heath's  Clingstone  (for  the  South).  Season,  middle 
September. 

Hyslop  Clingstone.     Season,  first  Sept.  to  first  Oct. 

Large  Early"  York.     Season,  middle  July  to  last  Aug. 

Morris'  White,  for  preserving.  Season,  middle  July 
to  middle  Sept. 

Old  Mixon  Clingstone.  Season,  last  July  to  early 
September. 

Old  Mixon  Freestone.  Season,  middle  July  to  early 
September. 

Ward's  Freestone.     Season,  middle  Aug.  to  last  Sept. 

Yellow  Eareripe.     Season,  early  July  to  last  Aug. 

Van  Zandt's  Superb.  Season,  early  July  to  early  Sept. 

the  twelve  best  for  market. 
Alberge.     Season,  earl}'  July  to  middle  Aug. 
Crawford's  Early.     Season,  middle  July  to  early  Se^^t. 
Crawford's  Late.     Season,  early  Aug.  to  last  Se^^t. 
Columbia.     Season,  early  Aug.  to  early  Sept. 


P  K  A  C  K  E  S  .  237 

Heath's  Clingstone  (for  South).     Season,  Sept. 
Lemon  Clingstone.     Season,  early  Aug.  to  Sept. 
Large  Early  York.     Season,  middle  Julv  to  last  Aucr. 
President.     Season,  middle  Aug.  to  middle  Sept. 
Ward's  Freestone.     Season,  early  Sept.  to  early  Oct. 
Yellow  Earerife.     Season,  early  July  to  last  Aug. 
Walter's  Early.     Season,  early  July  to  last  Aug. 
Troth's  Early  Eed.     Season,  middle  June  to  last  July. 
Hyslop's  Clingstone.     Season,  last  Aug.  to  early  Oct. 

The  following  List  of  Peaches  is  presented  as  a  (juide  for  plant- 
ing^  by  the  Kentachj  IlorticuUural  Society. 

The  best  varieties  of  each,  are  in  Eoman  letters;  infe- 
rior ones,  ripening  with  them,  in  italics.  The  time  of 
ripening,  as  given,  is  of  much  value  to  us  here. 

July  13 — 1st  week — White  ISi^utmeg. 

July  20 — 2d  week — Yellow  Kutmeg.  As  yet  no  good 
fruits. 

July  27 — 3d  week — Early  York,  Early  Anne. 

August  3 — 4th  week — Early  Crawford,  Earl}-  Tillotson, 
President,   Walters'  PJarly,  Grosse  Mignonne. 

August  10 — 5th  week — Pope's  Cling,  Van  Zandt's  Su- 
perb, Yellow  Alberge,  Cole's  Red,  Haines  Early  R^d,  Wash* 
ington  Red,  Davis'  Early. 

August  17 — 6th  week — Hill's,  Eodman's  Cling,  Malta, 
Hill's  Jersey,  Royal  George  (or  Teton  de  Venus,  of  some), 
Davis'  Cling,  Jacques'  Rareripe,  Late  Neioington,  Spanish  Cling, 
Williamson's  Cling. 

August  21: — 7th  week — Leopold,  Catherine,  Crawford's 
Ijate  Orange,  Free  Eed,  Pine  Apple  (or  Grosse  Mignonne, 
of  some).  Lemon  Cling,  Grosse  Admirable  Jaiine.  Large  Mala- 
catune,  Green  Catherine,  Jjemon  Free,  Old  Mixon  Cling,  Brech- 
cnridge  Cling,  and  many  others — (glut  of  peach  season). 

August  31 — 8th  week — Eed  Eareripe  (not  large,  but 
one  of  the  best  truits  for  cream,  or  the  dessert),  Eed  Cheek 


238  WESTERN     FRUIT     ii  O  O  K  . 

Malacatune,  Pavie  Pompone,  Youngs  Seedling,  Hike's 
Seedling. 

September  3 — 9th  week — At  this  period  there  is  a  defect 
in  the  present  list  of  succession,  and  jDeaches  are  scarce 
for  some  two  weeks. 

September  10 — 10th  week — Grand  Admirable,  Colum- 
bia, Vriiitehead's  Eed  Heath,  Smock's  Late  Free. 

September  17 — 11th  week — The  weather  is  now  cooler, 
and  the  same  varieties  last  several  weeks,  rij^ening  slowly. 

September  24 — 12th  week — Columbia,  Lagrange,  Large 
Heath,  Freestone  Heath. 

October  1 — 13th  week — Ford's  Late  Yellow,  White's 
Favorite.  These  are  the  latest  well-flavored  peaches  of 
the  season. 

X.  B. — The  author  of  this  list  is  aware  that  Troth's 
Early,  Druid  Hill,  "  Stump  of  the  AYorld,''  and  a  few 
other  varieties,  rather  new,  have  not  been  fruited  here, 
and  are  not,  therefore,  classified  ;  with  this  exception,  the 
list  is  believed  to  be  reliable. 

PEACHES,  WHICH  SUCCEED  AT  Franktort,  Ky. 

Clincs. — Late  Heath,  Old  ]S'ewino;ton,  Late  Newinc:- 
ton,  Breckenridge  Cling  (same  as  Old  Mixon  Cling),  Sweet 
Malacatune  of  Spain,  Baltimore  Pose  (the  finest  cling  of 
all;  it  follows  the  Breckenridge,  a  local  name  at  Louis- 
ville, and  in  size  and  beauty  is  every  thing  that  can  be 
desired ;  it  is  succeeded  by  the  Sweet  Malacatune  of 
Spain,  which  is  also  one  of  the  finest  of  its  season),  very 
handsome  size,  beautiful  appearance,  and  very  productive; 
the  Grand  Admirable. 

Freestones. — Eoyal  Kensington  (probabl}-  Grosse  Mig- 
nonne).  Belle  de  Yitry,  Walters'  Early,  Carpenter's  Eed 
Eareripe. 


NECTARINES.  239 


Boston.  Leaves,  globose ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  yel- 
low to  stone ;  color,  light  yellow,  deep  red  cheek ;  size,  1; 
quality,  1 ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — One  of  the  best;  adapted  to  all  locations. 

DowNTON.  Leaves,  reniform  ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  pale 
green  ;  color,  pale  green,  violet,  red  cheek ;  size,  1 ;  qual- 
ity, 1;  season.  July;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Melting,  rich,  high  flavor. 

Early  Yiolet.  Leaves,  reniform  ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh, 
white,  red  at  stone ;"  color,  yellow,  green  in  shade,  dark 
purple  in  sun  ;  size,  1  ;  season,  July  and  August ;  freestone. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Tree,  very  hardy.  Not  the  El- 
ruge.     Melting,  juicy,  rich,  and  high-flavored. 

Elruge.    Leaves,  reniform ;  flowers,  small ;  flesh,  green ; 
color,  pale  green ;  size,  2 ;  season,  August ;  freestone. 
Eemarks. — Foreign.     Eich,  high  flavor. 

We  give  merely  the  names  of  the  following,  as  they  are 
seldom  cultivated  here,  being  oftener  destroyed  by  the  cur- 
culio,  even,  than  the  plum: — Barker,  Early  Newington, 
French  Yellow,  Hunt's  Tawny,  Hardwicke,  Large  Early 
Yiolet,  i^eate's  White  Orange,  Bed  Eoman,  Stanwicke. 

From    Report  of  E.  Buchanan,  A.  II.  Ernst,  and  J.  A. 

Warder,  to  the  American  Pomological  Society. 

NECTAEINES. 

"  This  fruit,  with  us,  is  less  hardy  than  the  peach,  and  is 
liable  to  be  destroyed  by  the  curculio.  The  varieties  most 
in  esteem,  are  the  Earl)^  Yiolet,  Elruge,  Golden.  Lewis." 


240  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 


-A.  IE' S^  I  O  O  T  S - 

Alberge.  Size,  3 ;  color,  yellow  ;  form,  roundish  ;  qual- 
ity, 2;  freestone:  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — The  seed  of  the  Alberge  ai^ricot  will  pro- 
duce the  same  fruit,  or  Avith  very  little  alteration.  The 
Aj)ricot  tree  produces  its  blossom  buds,  not  only  on  the 
last  year's  wood,  but  also  on  the  curzons.  or  spurs  from  the 
two-year-old  wood.  Great  care  should  be  used,  in  prun- 
ing, not  to  injure  them  ;  and  it  is  advisable  to  remove  all 
foreright  shoots  in  the  growing  time.  The  Brussels  and 
the  Breda  apricots  make  the  best  standards.  They  can 
all  be  propagated  by  grafting  them  on  plum  stocks. 

Breda.  Size,  2  to  3 ;  color,  orange-  brown,  orange  in 
sun  ;  form,  roundish,  suture  well  marked ;  flesh,  deep 
orange,  juicy,  rich,  high-flavored  ;  freestone ;  season,  June 
and  July. 

Kemarks. — This  old  variety  is  very  hardy,  a  good 
grower,  productive,  although  small,  and  hangs  well,  even 
after  ripe.     Bears  late  Spring  frosts  well. 

Early  Golden.  Size,  2  to  3 ;  color,  pale  orange ;  form, 
round  ovate,  narrow  suture ;  flesh,  orange,  juicy,  sweet ; 
freestone;  season,  June  and  July. 

Remarks. — Tree,  thrifty,  yet  close-wooded,  hardy,  pro- 
ductive, and  bears  late  frosts  well.     Yaluable  for  market. 

Large  Early.  Size,  2  to  1;  color,  pale  orange  in  shade, 
brown  orange  in  sun  ;  form,  oblate,  compressed  ;  flesh,  pale 
orange,  rich,  juicy  ;  freestone  ;  season,  June  and  July. 

Bemarks. — The  best  large  early  apricot  known,  and 
an  abundant  bearer.  Foliage  large,  leaves  smaller  toward 
the  foot-stalks.     Grosse  Precoce  of  the  French. 


APRICOTS.  241 

Moor  Park,  or  Park.  Size,  1 ;  color,  orange  in  shade, 
dee])  oi'ange  in  sun  ;  form,  roundish ;  flesh,  firm,  brown 
orange,  juic}^,  rich,  luscious  ;  freestone  ;  season,  Jul}-. 

Eemarks. — An  old,  well  known,  fine  English  variety. 

We  merely  give  the  names  of  the  following,  as  they  are 
so  little  cultivated  here : — Burlington,  Brown's  Early, 
Kaisha,  Large  Eed,  Musch,  Eoman,  Eoyal,  Shipley,  Sha- 
ker Para,  Turkey. 

From    Report   of  E.   Buchanan,  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  J.  A. 
Warder,  to  the  American  Pomological  Society. 

APEICOTS. 

"Apricots  bear,  in  sheltered  situations,  one  out  of  three 
years.  The  tree  flowers  too  early  for  this  climate  \  but 
on  walls,  and  in  protected  positions  it  succeeds  pretty 
well.  This  fruit,  like  the  nectarine,  is  only  cultivated  in 
amateur  gardens. 

"  The  favorite  varieties  are,  the  Breda,  Large  Early, 
Moorpark."  ' 

These  varieties  are  recommended  as  best  suited  to  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

The  north  sides  of  hills  and  buildings  arc  best  for  apri- 
cots, to  retard  their  blossoming,  and  thus  tend  to  save 
the  fruit  from  Spring  frosts.  In  1855,  our  great  fruit  3'ear, 
apricots  were  abundant  in  our  stalls,  in  Cincinnati.  They 
were,  chiefly,  the  Early  Golden,  and  a  few  of  one  or  two 
other  kinds. 

The  apricot  is  almost  always  budded  in  the  plum  stock. 
Seedling  apricots  are  usually  more  hardy  and  pi'oductive 
here  than  the  finest  grafted  sorts. 


242  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 


^  L  XJ  3S/I  S- 

BLEECKEE'S  GAGE.  Wood,  downy;  color,  rich 
3''ollow;  form,  rounded  oval,  very  regular;  size,  2;  stone, 
separating;  quality,  1;  use,  table;  flavor,  sweet  and 
luscious. 

Eemarks. — From  Albany,  N.  Y.  Tree  of  a  healthy, 
hardy  habit,  and  a  regular,  sure  bearer.  Eecommended  by 
Ex-presidents  Buchanan  and  Ernst,  and  the  present  incum- 
bent (1857),  Dr.  Warder,  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

BLUE  GAGE.  Wood,  downy;  color,  blue;  form, 
round  ;  size,  3 ;  stone,  free  or  separating ;  quality,  3  ;  use, 
table  ;  flavor,  juicy,  a  little  acid  and  somewhat  rich  ;  sea- 
son, Jul}'. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Of  sweet  and  pleasant  flavor, 
very  hardy,  but  the  poorest  of  all  the  gages.  It  bears 
mo^t  abundant  crops  every  season,  and  the  seedlings  make 
good  stocks.  It  is  the  Azure  Ilative  of  the  French.  Ee- 
commended by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

Cherry  Plum,  or  Early  Scarlet,  etc.  Wood,  round  ; 
color,  lively  red,  with  very  little  bloom;  form,  round; 
size,  3 ;  stone,  adheres ;  quality,  2 ;  use,  table ;  flavor, 
melting,  soft,  very  juicy,  with  a  pleasant,  lively,  sub-acid; 
not  rich  nor  high-tasted  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — On  the  trees  they  resemble  cherries.  Its 
blossoms  are  very  thick  in  the  Spring,  which,  from  their 
earliness.   renders  them  liable  to  be  cut  ofl"  by  frost.     It 


PLUMS.  %lS 

appears  to  be  a  native  of  this  country.  There  is  the  co*n- 
mon  cherry  plum,  or  MyrohoJan^  of  Europe,  which  is 
ratlier  larger,  and  shaped  like  a  heart.  In  all  else  the 
same.     There  is  also  the-  Golden. 

Cherry  Plum.  A  seedling  from  the  Cherry  Plum, 
which  is  worthy  as  a  market  plum  in  Philadelphia. 

Chickasaw  Plum  (Prunus  Chicasa,  Michaux). 

Eemarks. — Fruit  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  round,  and  red  or  yellowish  red,  of  a  pleasant  sub- 
acid flavor  ;  rijDens  pretty  early  ;  skin  thin.  The  branches 
are  thorny,  the  head  rather  bushy,  with  narrow  lanceo- 
late, serrulate  leaves,  looking  a  little  distance  off  some- 
what like  those  of  a  peach  tree.  It  usually  grows  about 
twelve  or  fourteen  feet  high,  but  on  the  prairies  of  Arkan- 
sas it  is  only  three  or  four  feet  high,  and  in  this  form  it 
is  also  common  in  Texas.  The  dwarf  Texas  plum  de- 
scribed by  Kenrick  is  only  this  species.  It  is  quite 
ornamental.  'y 

COE'S  GOLDEN  DEOP.  Wood,  smooth ;  color,  light 
yellow,  dotted  next  sun ;  form,  oval ;  size,  1 ;  stone,  ad- 
heres;  quality,  1;  use,  table;  flavor,  rich  and  sweet; 
rather  coarse-grained  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — 'An  English  vari.ety.  Tree  only  moderately 
productive.  Sometimes  confounded  with  Yellow  Effir, 
which  is  a  little  larger.  It  is  one  of  the  most  delicious 
of  all  plums.  It  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  Washington. 
It  can  compare  with  the  Green  Gage  (the  richest-flavored 
of  all  plums,  as  the  Seckel  is  of  pears,  and  the  American 
Golden  Eusset  of  apples)  in  point  of  lusciousness,  and  as 
it  comes  in  after  both  these  are  gone,  it  may  be  ranked  as 
one  of  the  best  kinds  yet  produced,  and  ought  to  have  a 
place  in  the  ver}'  smallest  collection.     Hovev  cotisidors  it 


2-i4  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

an  abundant  bearer.  It  will  keep  a  long  time  after  it  is 
gathered,  if  placed  in  fine  paper  and  kept  in  a  dry  room. 
Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

DAMSON.  Color,  purple,  blue  bloom  ;  form,  oval ;  size, 
3  ;  stone,  separating  partially ;  quality,  1  ;  use,  kitchen  ; 
flavor,  very  juicy,  melting,  acid  until  quite  mature ;  sea- 
son, August  and  September. 

Kemarks. — Most  excellent,  and  the  best  for  preserves, 
pies,  and  puddings,  being  rich  and  strong-flavored.  Pro- 
ductive from  seed.  Melting  and  juicy;  rather  tart  until 
very  ripe.    Good  for  the  market  and  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

DAMSON  WINTEE.  Color,  purple;  form,  almost 
round  ;  size,  3  ;  stone,  separating  partially  ;  quality,  1 ; 
use,  kitchen ;  flavor,  acid,  juicy,  and  rich  ;  season,  latter 
end  of  September  or  beginning  of  October. 

Eejiarks. — Valuable  from  its  extreme  lateness.  Flesh, 
greenish,  acid,  with  a  slight  astringency.  Eecommended 
by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  vicinity  of 
Cincinnati. 

Dnmi^'ons  Superb .  Wood,  downy ;  color,  pale  yellow- 
ish ;  form,  round  and  a  little  flat;  size,  2  to  1 ;  stone,  sep- 
arating ;  qualitj-,  2  ;  use,  table;  flavor,  rich,  vinous,  and 
juicy ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — From  Albany,  N.  Y.  Of  great  productive- 
ness.    Not  of  the  best  quality. 

DUANE'S  PUEPLE.  Wood,  downy;  color,  reddish 
purple  in  sun,  pale  red  in  shade,  with  yellow  specks  ; 
form,  oblong,  oval,  one  side  enlarged;  size,  1;  stone,  ad- 
hesive; quality,!;  use,  table;  flavor,  juicy,  sprightly, 
moderately  sweet ;  season,  July. 


PLUMS.  245 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Flesh,  amber  color,  juicy,  slightly 
acid.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Vv^arder, 
for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati.  In  wet  seasons,  which  are 
the  great  trouble  of  plums,  especially,  of  all  fruits,  this 
plum  suffers  from  rotting  and  mildew ;  but  in  warm  sea- 
sons it  is  first  rate.  It  is  apt  sometimes  to  be  confounded 
with  the  Purple  Magnum  Bonum.  It  rijDens  rather  early, 
and  is  a  highly  tempting  dessert  fruit. 

Early  Orleans.  Wood,  downy  ;  color,  dark  reddish 
purple;  form,  round,  oval;  size,  2;  stone,  separating; 
quality,  1 ;  use,  tabic  and  kitchen  ;  flavor,  brisk,  rich  ; 
season,  July. 

Eemarks. — An  English  variety  of  earl}^  maturity,  and 
of  good  quality.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
Warder  for  the  localit}^  of  Cincinnati. 

EMPEEOE,  or  GoUath.  Color,  purplish  red;  form, 
round  oblate  ;  size,  1  (very  large)  ;  stone,  adhesive  ;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  use,  table  ;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — Successfully  raised  in  poultry -^^ards,  where 
the  fowls  roost  on  the  trees,  and  perambulate  much  all 
under  them,  making  the  ground  hard,  and  frighten- 
ing the  Curculio  away.  Exhibited  at  the  Horticultural 
Society  Eooms  by  Mr.  Bush,  August  23,  1856.  Eight 
bushels  of  plums  saved  in  a  very  scarce  year,  raised  in  a 
yard  where  poultry  is  kept — all  the  fruit  very  fine.  Mr. 
Bush  has,  also,  in  this  way  saved  several  other  kinds. 

FLUSHING  GAGE.     See  Imperial  Gage,  Prince's. 

GEEMA:^r'PEUNE,  or  Dutch  Prune.  Wood,  smooth; 
color,  very  dark  purple,  nearly  black,  dusted  with  some 
blue  bloom  ;  form,  long,  oval ;  size,  2 ;  stone,  adhesive ; 
quality,  1 ;  use,  table ;  flavor,  quite  juicy  at  first,  but,  if 


246  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

allowed  to  hang  on  the  tree,  becomes  dry,  rich,  and  sweet; 
season,  August. 

Eemarks. — A  variety  with  many  sub-varieties,  the  best 
of  which  is  Manning's  Prune ;  flesh,  greenish.  Eecom- 
mended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder  for  the  locality 
of  Cincinnati. 

GrEEEN  GAGE.  Wood,  smooth  ;  color,  yellowish  green; 
size,  2 ;  stone,  separating ;  quality,  1  ;  use,  dessert ;  flavor, 
melting,  juicy,  high,  luscious,  sprightly  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — Of  short-jointed,  slow  growth,  spreading 
and  dwarfish  habit.  Eequires  a  rich,  warm  soil,  E'orth 
of  42  degrees.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
Warder  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati.  "  Excellently  well 
adapted  to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

IMPEEIAL  GAGE,PEINCE'S,ori^/?/s7i%G^a^e.  Wood, 
a  little  downy ;  color,  pale  green,  and  j^ellowish  green  ; 
form,  oval ;  size,  1  to  2  ;  stone,  rather  adhesive;  quality,!; 
use,  table;  flavor,  juicy,  rich,  sprightly;  season,  August. 

Eemarks. — American  variety,  from  Prince,  Long  Island. 
A  seedling  from  the  Green  Gage.  ]S"early  as  good  as  the 
parent ;  rather  more  sprightly.  Soil  best,  light  loam,  dry, 
or  even  j)Oorish.  Some  seasons  it  rots  a  good  deal,  like 
other  plums,  but  it  is  about  as  sound  as  any  in  general. 

It  is  a  fine  market  variety  ;  very  rich  stewed,  in  pies,  or 
preserved.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  War- 
der for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati.  "Excellently  well 
adapted  to  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

HOESE  PLUM.  Wood  and  branches  downy;  color, 
purple  in  the  sun,  reddish  on  the  shaded  side,  with  blue 
bloom  ;  form,  oval,  with  a  deej)  suture  on  one  side ;  size, 
2  ;  use,  table ;  stone,  free  or  separates ;  quality,  2  ;  flavor, 
rather  dry  and  acid ;  season,  July. 


p  L  u>i  3 .  247 

Remarks. — American.  Seedlings  make  good  stoclcs  for 
budding.  It  reproduces  itself  from  seed,  like  some  peaches, 
and  is  almost  naturalized  with  us  in  our  gardens;  flesh, 
greenish  yellow.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
"Warder  for  the  neighborhood  of  Cincinnati. 

HULING'S  SUPEEB  (not  Duane's  Purple).  Wood, 
downy ;  color,  dull  greenish  yellow,  with  a  pale  bloom ; 
form,  round  ovate ;  size,  1  ;  stone,  adheres  partly ;  qual- 
ity, 2;  use,  table;  flavor,  rich,  brisk,  excellent ;  season, 
July  and  August. 

Remarks. — A  noble  plum.  It  is  as  large  as  Washing- 
ton. It  is  hardly  inferior  to  the  Green  Gage.  There  is  a 
little  more  acidity  in  its  sweetness  than  in  the  Green 
Gage.  It  is  very  productive,  and  in  all  respects  a  very 
valuable  fruit.  Recommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst  and 
Warder  for  the  region  about  Cincinnati.  Flesh  is  slightly 
coarse-grained,  but  not  enough  to  injure  it  much. 

JEFFERSON.  Wood,  nearly  smooth  ;  color,  greenish 
yellow  and  golden  yellow,  red  to  sun  ;  form,  ovate  ;  size, 
1;  stone,  separates;  quality,  2 ;  use,  table,  flavor,  juicy, 
rich  ;  season.  July. 

Remarks.  —  An  American  variety,  from  Judge  Buel, 
Alban}^  Very  productive ;  free  from  decay  in  a  great 
measure.  Hangs  long  on  the  tree.  It  takes  its  position 
very  high  on  the  list  of  plums.  It  is  nearly  equal,  when 
fully  ripe,  to  the  Green  Gage.  As  large  as  the  Washing- 
ton ;  it  is  about  ten  days  later.  It  does  not  appear  so 
liable  as  some  sorts  to  the  attacks  of  wasps  ;  perhaps  on 
account  of  its  dark  color  in  comparison  with  other  plums. 
Recommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst  and  Warder  for  the 
nciii^hborhood  of  Cincinnati. 


'b' 


Lawrence's   Favorite.     Wood,  downy ;  color,  a  dull 


248  WESTERN    PRUIT    BOOK. 

yellowish  green;  form,  roundish;  size,  1;  stone,  separa- 
ting; quality,  1;  use,  table;  flavor,  rich,  excellent;  season, 
July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — American.  Tree  upright,  thrifty.  Bears 
young  and  abundantly  fruit  like  the  Green  Gage,  only 
larger. 

LOMBARD,  Bieecker's  Scarlet,  and  Betkmans  ScarliL 
Color,  delicate  violet  red,  paler  in  the  shade,  dotted  with 
red,  and  dusted  thinly  with  bloom;  form,  roundish  oval, 
slightly  flattened  at  either  end  ;  suture  obscure  ;  size,  2 ; 
stone,  adheres ;  quality,  2 ;  use,  table ;  flavor,  juicy,  not 
rich,  pleasant;  season,  July  and  August. 

Kemarks.  —  American.  Thrifty,  healthy,  hardy  and 
ver}^  productive,  and  has  the  power  of  holding  its  fruit 
more  uninjured  than  most  other  sorts  from  the  attacks  of 
that  pest,  the  Curculio.  Leaves  are  much  crumpled. 
Much  cultivated  and  highly  esteemed  by  Mr.  P.  S.  Bush, 
of  Covington,  Kentucky,  who  has  raised  great  crops  of 
this  kind  with  others.  Mr.  Bush  plants  his  plums  in  a 
poultry -yard,  in  wdiich  the  fowls  arc  continuall}'  peram- 
bulating about  and  roosting  on  the  trees.  By  this  method 
he  succeeds  in  raising  fine  crops.  Mr.  Consedine  has  suc- 
ceeded one  or  two  years  in  obtaining  good  q.vo^^  by  syring- 
ing his  trees  wuth  a  solution  of  lime  and  sulphur,  mixed 
together  in  a  barrel,  and  applied  directly  after  rain. 

Madison.  Wood,  a  little  downy  ;  color,  light  orange, 
with  greenish  yellow^ ;  form,  roundish  oval ;  size,  2 ;  stone, 
separating;  quality,  1;  use,  table;  flavor,  firm,  juicy,  rich 
and  sweet ;  season,  vSeptember. 

Eemarks.  —  From  Albany,  New  York.  Hybrid  from 
Bieecker's  Gage,  and  Blue  Gage.  Matures  late,  and  very 
hardy.  Has  been  found,  by  several  culti viators,  to  suit 
the  West  very  well. 


PLUMS.  249 

McLaughlin.  Wood,  smooth ;  color,  russet  yellow, 
with  a  red  tinge  ;  form,  roundish,  flattened ;  size,  2  to  1  ; 
qualitj^,  2  ;  use,  table;  flavor,  firm  and  excellent;  season, 
July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — American.  Tree  thrifty,  making  stout,  vig- 
orous shoots  of  four  to  six  feet  in  a  season.  A  round, 
regular  head.  Best  adapted  for  the  I^orth  ;  and,  there- 
fore, not  to  be  recommended  for  this  locality. 

Magnum  Bonum,  see  Yellow  Egg^  Nectarine.  Wood, 
smooth ;  color,  purple  ;  form,  roundish  ;  size,  1 ;  stone, 
partly  adhesive;  quality,  2;  use,  table;  flavor,  a  little 
coarse-grained,  with  a  rich,  brisk  quality ;  season,  July 
and  August. 

Remarks. — Foreign.  Flesh,  greenish  yellow.  A  noble- 
looking  fruit.  Not  first-rate ;  inferior  to  the  Columbia. 
A  good  and  regular  bearer.  The  Peach  Plum  is  quite 
diff'erent  from  this ;  it  is  the  Prune  Peche  of  Brittany, 
and  superior  to,  and  quite  distinct  from,  the  Nectarine. 
Many  seedlings  have  sprung  from  this  variety  like  the 
parent.  Recommended,  however,  by  Messrs.  Buchanan, 
Ernst  and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  this  region. 

Old  Orleans.  Wood,  downy  ;  color,  reddish  purple ; 
form,  round ;  size,  2 ;  stone,  separating ;  quality,  1 ;  use, 
table  and  kitchen,  chiefly;  flavor,  sweet,  mixed  with  acid; 
quality,  2;  season,  July  and  August. 

Remarks. — We  have  in  America  better  sorts  than  this 
old  favorite  in  England.  It  is  only  esteemed  for  the 
kitchen  here;  flesh,  yellowish.  Recommended,  however, 
as  a  cooking  fruit  mostly  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  W^arder  for  our  locality. 

OTTOMAN.  Wood,  slightly  downy ;  color,  greenish 
yellow,  dark  spots  below ;  form,  roundish  obovate ;  size, 


250  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

2  to  1 ;  stone,   separating ;  quality,  1 ;  use,  table ;  flavor, 
juicy,  sweet,  excellent;  season,  July, 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Yery  early.  Trees  hardy  and 
abundant  bearers. 

PEACH  PLUM,  or  Duanes  Purple.  Color,  red  ;  form, 
roundish  ;  size,  2  ;  stone,  separating  ;  quality,  1 ;  use,  table; 
flavor,  ajittle  acid,  pleasant. 

Eemarks. — Imported  from  France,  in  April,  1820,  by 
James  Duane,  of  Schenectady.  It  was  called  the  Apricot 
Plum,  because  the  tree's  name  was  lost.  It  is  the  Prune 
Peche,  of  Noisette.  It  is  a  little  tender.  Color,  red;  flesh, 
firm,  green,  slightly  sub-acid — beautiful  appearance.  It 
parts  freely  from  the  stone,  and  is  distinct  from  the  plum 
in  the  nurseries  of  Long  Island,  under  the  name  of  Duane's 
Purple  French.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
Warder  for  this  vicinity. 

PUEPLE  EGG.  Wood,  smooth ;  color,  deep  red,  with 
gray  dots  ;  form,  oval ;  size,  1 ;  stone,  separating ;  quality, 
2 ;  use,  table ;  flavor,  pleasant,  not  high.  Long  and  ex- 
tensively grown.  It  is  surpassed  by  several  ripening  at 
the  same  time.  Flesh,  greenish,  coarse.  Eecommended 
by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder  for  the  vicinity 
of  the  Queen  City. 

Purple  Favorite.  Wood,  smooth ;  color,  bright  pur- 
ple, with  golden  spots ;  form,  roundish  obovate ;  size, 
2  to  1 ;  stone,  free;  quality,  2;  use,  table;  flavor,  juicy, 
sweet,  excellent;  season,  July  to  August. 

Eemarks.  —  American.  Trees  dwarfish  and  slender, 
hardy,  and  bear  when  young.  Good  for  private  gardens 
only.     Unfit  for  market  or  orcharding. 

Purple  Gage.     Wood,  smooth ;  color,  violet  dots,  palo 


PLUMS.  251 

yellow;  form,  roundish,  a  little  flat;  size,  2;  stone,  sep- 
arating ;  quality,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  flavor,  Arm,  sugary,  high  ; 
season,  August  to  September. 

Remarks. — Foreign.     Moderate  bearer,  but  high  flavor. 

Prince's  Yellow  Gage.  "Wood,  smooth  ;  color,  golden 
yellow,  a  little  clouded ;  form,  oval ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  stone, 
separating;  quality,  2;  use,  kitchen  ;  flavor,  sugary,  rich, 
rather  dry;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — American.  Abundant  bearer.  Carries  well 
to  market.     Too  dry  for  table.     Best  for  market. 

QUETSCHE,  or  German  Prune,  with  a  great  number 
of  synonymes.  Color,  purple,  with  a  thick,  blue  bloom  ; 
form,  long  oval,  near  two  inches  tong,  peculiarly  swollen 
on  one  side,  and  drawn  out  toward  the  stalk.  Suture  dis- 
tinctly marked.  Flesh,  firm,  green,  sweet,  and  pleasant; 
separates  from  the  stone,  which  is  flat,  very  long,  and  a 
little  curved  ;  season,  September. 

Remarks.  —  Many  plums  are  cultivated  under  this 
name.  It  is,  therefore,  rather  an  uncertain  title.  This 
is  partly  on  account  of  its  frequently  coming  the  same 
from  the  seed.  Its  quality-  is  tolerably  fair  for  the  table, 
but  its  chief  use  is  for  drying  and  preserving.  G-reat 
bearer,  and  hanging  long  on  the  tree.  It  is  very  valuable, 
and  universal  in  Central  Europe. 

Red  Gage,  or  Lombard  (which  see).  Wood,  smooth; 
color,  bright  red;  form,  oval,  rounded;  size,  3;  stone, 
separating ;  quality,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  flavor,  juicy,  sweet,  de- 
licious ;  season,  July  to  August. 

Remarks. — American.  Hardy,  vigorous  ;  small,  but  of 
the  best  flavor.    "Very  productive,  and  free  from  curculio. 

Saint  Martin's.     Wood,  smooth ;  color,  bright  yellow, 


252  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

bright  red  in  sun ;  size,  2 ;  stone,  adheres ;  quality,  1 ; 
use,  kitchen ;  flavor,  juicy,  rich,  excellent;  season,  Sep- 
tember. 

Eemarks. — German.  A  good  bearer.  Profitable  for 
market  or  preserving.  Will  hang  two  weeks.  A  kind 
of  prune. 

Sand  Plum,  or  Beach  Plum  (Prunus  Maritima,  Wang). 

Bemarks. — A  low  shrub. with  stout,'Straggling  branches, 
found  mostly  on  the  sandy  sea  coast,  from  Massachusetts 
to  Yirginia,  and  seldom  ripening  well  elsewhere.  Fruit, 
roundish,  scarcely  an  inch  in  diameter,  red  or  purple, 
covered  with  a  bloom  ;  pleasant,  but  somewhat  astringent. 
Leaves  oval,  finely  serrate. 

Schenectady.     Wood,  smooth  ;  color,  greenish  yellow; 

form,  round,  oval,  broad  at  stem  end  ;  size,  1  to  2 ;  stone, 

.separating;    quality,   1;   use,   table;    flavor,    juicy,    rich, 

sweet,  delicious,  melting ;  season.  July  and  August. 

Remarks. — American.    Tree  thrifty,  hard}^,  and  prolific. 

SMITH'S  ORLEANS.  Wood,  nearly  smooth;  color, 
deep  purplish  red,  w4th  small  golden  specks,  and  deep 
blue  bloom;  form,  ovate  oblate,  largest  at  base;  size,  1; 
stone,  adhering ;  quality,  2 ;  use,  kitchen;  flavor,  tender, 
juicy ;  season,  August. 

Remarks.  —  American,  from  Long  Island.  Fine  for 
market  only.  Flesh,  yellow.  Recommended  by  Buchanan, 
^    Ernst,  and  Warder  for  the  region  round  Cincinnati. 

Thomas  Plum.  Wood,  nearly  smooth  ;  color,  deep 
amber  colored,  beautifully  mottled  and  shaded  with  bright 
red  on  the  sunny  side  near  the  point,  profusely  sprinkled 
with  white  dots,,  and  covered  with  a  thin  whitish  or  pale 
lilac  bloom  ;  size,  1 ;  stone,  freely  separating  ;  quality,  1 ; 


PLUMS.  253 

use,  table  ;  juicy,  sweet  and  pleasantly  flavored ;  season, 
August. 

Eemarks. — ^Though  not  equal  to  the  Washington,  Impe- 
rial Gage,  Jefferson,  and  some  American  plums,  it  pos- 
sesses a  combination  of  qualities  which  render  it  a  very 
desirable  variety.  It  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  Washing- 
ton, and  quite  as  beautiful,  and  hangs  longer  on  the  tree 
than  most  large  plums.  The  trees  arc  vigorous,  earl}^  in 
bearing,  and  produce  abundantly.  It  is  very  little  sub- 
ject to  rot  on  the  tree.  For  a  large  collection,  it  is  a  desi- 
rable plum. 

WASHINGTON.  Wood,  downy  ;  color,  dull  yellow, 
with  little  spots  of  red  green  ;  form,  roundish  oval ;  size, 
1;  stone,  separating;  quality,  1;  use,  table  and  kitchen; 
flavor,  firm,  sweet ;  season,  July  or  August. 

Eemarks. — American.  Uniformly  hardy  and  produc- 
tive. Yery  Large.  Often  free  from  curculio.  Good  for 
market  at  the  North.  Recommended  by  Buchanan, 
Ernst  and  AYarder  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati.  "Ex- 
cellently well  adapted  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." — F. 
G.  Ctxry. 

Wild  Eed  or  Yellow  Plum.  (P.  Americana,  Marshall.) 
Eemarks. — Eruit,  roundish  oval,  skin  thick,  reddish 
orange,  with  a  juicy,  yellow,  sub-acid  j^ulp.  The  leaves 
are  ovate,  coarsely  serrate,  and  the  old  branches  rough 
and  somewhat  thorny.  Grows  in  hedges  and  by  the 
banks  of  streams,  from  Canada  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Tree  from  ten  to  fifteen  feet  high.  Fruit  ripens  in  July 
or  August. 

Yellow  Egg.  See  Egg  Yellow.  Wood,  smooth  ;  color, 
yellow  ;  form,  ovate  ;  size,  1 ;  stone,  adheres  ;  quality,  2  ; 
use,  kitchen  ;  flavor,  not  high,  rather  poor;  season.  August. 


254  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

Eemarks. — Foreign.  Only  esteemed  or  cooking  or 
market  purposes.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  Warder  for  the  region  around  us.  Its  large  size  gives 
it  rather  an  imposing  appearance.  It  grows  to  a  larger 
size  in  England,  from  its  probably  requiring  a  cooler  cli- 
mate than  ours. 

From    Report    of  E.    BuCHANAN,  A.    H.    Ernst,    and  J.  A. 
Warder,  to  the  Americdu  Pomological  Society. 

PLUMS. 

"  Most  varieties  of  this  fruit  bear  well  here,  when  jiro- 
tected  from  the  curculio ;  and  in  some  seasons,  when  all 
fruits  arc  abundant,  even  without  protection.  Average 
bearing,  three  out  of  four  vears.  The  curculio  is  de- 
stroyed  by  shaking  it  off  in  the  morning  and  evening  on 
sheets,  or  by  syringing  the  tree  several  times  with  sulphur 
and  lime  water^  (liA'e  pounds  of  flower  of  sulphur  and  a 
half  barrel  of  lime  to  a  barrel  of  water),  or  by  planting 
the  trees  in  pavements,  or  in  a  well  j^rotected  chicken- 
yard,  apart  from  other  fruits.  The  varieties  most  gener- 
ally cultivated  are  as  follows  : 

"  Bleecker's  Gage,  Blue  Gage,  Coe's  Golden  Drop,  Du- 
ane's  Purple,  Early  Orleans,  Flushing  Gage,  German 
Prune,  Green  Gage,  House  Plum,  Huling's  Superb,  Jeffer- 
son, Nectarine,  Old  Orleans,  Peach,  Prince's  Imperial, 
Purple  Damson,  Purple  Egg,  Smith's  Orleans,  Washing- 
ton, Yellow  Egg." 

the  fifteen  best  plums. 

The  following  range  of  seasons  is  from  the  maturity  of 
the  fruit  from  the  northern  to  the  southern  parts  of  the 
country. 

Bleecker's  Gage.     Season,  first  July  to  last  Aug. 

Coe's  Golden    Drot.     Season,  early  Aug.  to  last  Sept. 


PLUMS.  255 

Early  Purple,  for  vSoiith.     Season,  early  June. 
Early  Orleans.     Season,  last  June  to  tirst  Aug. 
G-REEN  G-AGE.     Season,  early  July  to  middle  Aug. 
Imperial  Gage.     Season,  first  July  to  first  Sept. 
Jefferson.     Season,  last  July  to  last  Aug. 
McLaughlin.     Season,  last  July  to  last  Aug. 
Imperial  Ottoman.     Season,   middle  June  to  last  July. 
Purple  Favorite.     Season,  middle  July  to  last  Aug. 
Purple  Gage.     Season,  middle  Aug.  to  middle  Sept. 
Prince's  Yellow  Gage.     Season,  middle  June  to  early 
August. 

Eed  Gage.     Season,  July  to  middle  Aug. 
Saint  Martin.     Season,  last  Aug.  to  first  Oct. 
Washington.     Season,  July  to  last  Aug. 
Smith's  Orleans.     Season,  July  to  last  Aug. 

A  list  of  Plums  recommended  hy  Henry  Ward  BEECHER/or 

Indiana. 

Green  Gage,  Jefferson,  Huling's  Superb,  Coe's  Golden 
Drop,  Purple  Gage,  Criiger's  Scarlet,  Washington,  Eed 
Gage  or  Lomhard,  Smith's  Orleans,  Eoyal  de  Tours. 

The  following  are  suitable  for  light,  sandy  soils,  on 
which  the  curculio  makes  the  greatest  ravages,  and  on 
which  plums  usually  drop  their  fruit:  Cruger's  Scarlet, 
Imperial  Gage,  Eed  Gage  or  Lombard,  Coe's  Golden 
Drop,  Bleecker's  Gage,  Blue  Gage. 


256  WESTERN    TRUIT    BOOK. 


01103  Tl.I?,IE  S- 

Ada-m's  Crown.  Color,  pale  red;  form,  round,  heart- 
shaped  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  flesh,  tender, 
juicy,  agreeable  ;  season,  June. 

Remarks. — Of  English  origin.  Tree  vigorous.  Class 
of  sweet  cherry. — The  cherry  is  rather  short-lived.  It 
does  not  generally  continue  more  than  thirty  years  in 
perfection. — It  is  observed  of  stone  fruit  in  general,  that 
if  sown  immediatel}'  after  they  are  excarnated,  they  will 
appear  the  following  Spring,  but  being  kept  too  long,  they 
will  not  germinate  under  two  years — The  cherry-tree  pro- 
duces its  fruit,  generally,  at  the  extremity  of  the  branches ; 
therefore,  in  pruning,  they  should  never  be  shortened. 

American  Heart.  Color,  pale  yellow  and  red ;  form, 
heart-shaped,  compressed  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  j 
flesh,  yellowish,  juicy,  s\veet;  season,  May  and  June. 

Remarks. — Tree  vigorous.     Spreading. 

Anne.  Size,  2 :  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  excellent 
flavor. 

Remarks. — Sw^eet-cherry  class. 

Archduke.      Form,    heart-shaped,    compressed  ;     size, 
1 ;  use,  table  :  quality,  2  ,  flesh,  light  red,  tender,  sub-acid. 
Remarks. — Kot  May  Duke. 

BELLE  DE  CHOISY.  Color,  red  ;  form,  round  ;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  ;  flesh,  tender,  sweet ;  season, 
June. 


CHERRIES.  257 

Remarks. — Yery  handsome  and  good.  Recommended 
for  this  reason  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  AVarder,  success- 
ively Presidents  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society, 
and  eminent  as  practical  pomologists. 

Belle  of  Orleans.  Color,  yellowish  white ;  form, 
roundish ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1  ;  flesh,  tender, 
juicy,  and  delicious ;  season,  May  and  June. 

Remarks. — Promises  to  be  valuable. 

Belle  Magnifique.  Color,  clear  rich  red  on  pale  yel- 
low ;  form,  ovate  rounded,  heart-shaped  ;  size,  2  to  1  ; 
use,  table;  quality,  2;  flesh,  tender,  sub-acid;  season, 
June  to  August. 

Remarks. — Tree  of  Duke  habit.  Ilardv  and  vicrorous. 
Moderate  bearer.     Fruit  han<xs  well. 


&' 


iT 


BIGARREAU  mottled.  Color,  amber  with  red ; 
form,  rounded,  heart-shaped ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  flesh, 
yellowish  white;  season,  June. 

Remarks. — Of  American  origin.  Tree  vigorous,  very 
productive.  Half  tender,  juicy,  sweet.  ]N"ot  high  flavor. 
Recommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder  for  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

BIGARREAU  NAPOLEON.    See  Napoleon  Bigarreau. 

BLACK  EAGLE.  Form,  obtuse,  heart-shaped  ;  size, 
1  to  2  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  flesh,  reddish  purple,  half 
tender,  rich,  sweet  flavor;  season,  June. 

Remarks. — From  England  ;  by  the  great  botanist  and 
pomologlst,  Charles  Knight.  Not  very  productive.  Fruit 
borne  in  threes.  One  of  the  finest  cherries  in  cultivation. 
No  collection  can  be  considered  complete  without  it.  "  Ex- 
cellently well  adapted  for  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Cunj,  lato 

99 


258  WESTERN     FBUIT     BUCK. 

President  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  and  a 
good  23ractical  fruit  cultivator,  at  Farmers'  College,  near 
Cincinnati. 

BLACK  TARTAEIAX.  Color,  purplish  black  ;  form, 
heart-shaped;  size,  1;  use,  tabic;  quality,  2;  flesh,  half 
tender,  juicy,  sweet,  mild,  pleasant,  not  high  flavor ;  sea- 
son, June. 

Hemarks. — Of  peculiar,  upright  growth.  Requires  more 
pruning  than  others,  or  it  will  become  too  dense.  Recom- 
mended by  Buchanan,  Ernst  and  Warder  for  the  vicinity 
of  Cincinnati.  ^-  Excellentl}"  well  adapted  for  the  locality 
of  Cincinnati.*'— ^.  G.  Cary. 

BLxiCK  HAWK.  Color,  dark  purplish  black  ;  form, 
heart-shaped,  often  obtuse ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ; 
flesh,  almost  firm,  rich,  sweet,  fine  flavor;  season,  June 
and  July. 

Remarks. — Raised  by  Professor  Kirtland,  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  the  judicious  originator  of  many  fine  and  valuable 
cherries  and  other  good  fruits,  and  possessing  and  culti- 
vating much  science  in  horticulture,  etc.  This  cherry  is 
also  among  the  fruits  recommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst 
and  Warder  for  the  region  of  Cincinnati. 

Brant.  Color,  reddish  black ;  form,  heart-shaped,  round- 
ed angular  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh,  tender, 
juicy,  sweet  and  rich. 

Remarks. — Raised  by  Professor  Kirtland.  Tree  vigor- 
ous.    Flowers  irregularly. 

Burr's  Seedling.  Color,  clear  bright  red  ;  form,  heart- 
shaj^ed;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  flesh,  half 
tender,  juicy,  sweet;  season,  May  and  June. 

Remarks, — Nev/  York  origin.     Productive,  vigorous. 


CHERRIES.  259 

Buttner's  Yellow.  Color,  pale  yellow  ;  form,  regular, 
heart-shaped  ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  3  ;  flesh,  whitish 
yellow,  rather  tough  ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — From  Germany. 

Carnation.  Color,  yellowish  white ;  form,  roundish ; 
size,  1  to  2 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  flesh,  tender,  juicy, 
and  not  acid  wdien  fully  ripe ;  season,  June  and  July. 

Eemarks. — A  variety  of  Morello.     Hardy. 

China  Bigarreau.  Color,  bright  amber  yellow;  form, 
roundish,  heart-shaped ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2 ; 
flesh,  half  tender,  juicy  and  rich  ;  a  little  bitter  till  ripe  ; 
season,  June. 

Eemarks. — Yery  j)roductive. 

Cleveland.  Color,  bright  clear  red,  on  amber  yellow 
ground ;  form,  round,  heart-shaped,  flattened  at  apex ;  size, 
1 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  flesh,  juicy,  rich,  fine  flavor,  pale 
yellowish  white,  almost  firm  ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — One  of  Professor  Kirtland's  raising  in  1842. 
Tree  thrifty  and  very  productive. 

Coe's  Transparent.  Color,  pale  light  amber  yellow, 
with  bright  clear  red ;  form,  regular  round,  slightly 
angular  at  junction  of  stem ;  size,  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality, 
2  ;  flesh,  tender,  juicy,  rich  ;  season,  June  and  July. 

Eemarks. — Tree  vigorous  ;  healthy  habit. 

Delicate.  Color,  rich  amber  yellow,  mottled ;  form, 
regular,  roundish  flattened,  slight  suture  on  side ;  size,  2 
to  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  rich,  juicy,  sw^eet,  high  flavor,  deli- 
cate, translucent  (a  pretty  quality)  ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — Eaised  by  Professor  Kirtland.  Tree  thrifty, 
productive  and  healthy. 


260  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

DOCTOE.  Color,  light  yellow  and  red ;  form,  round- 
ish, heart-shaped,  Avith  a  suture  extending  all  around  ;  size, 
2;  use,  table  ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  juicy,  tender,  sweet,  with 
a  delicious  flavor  ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks.  —  One  of  Professor  Kirtland's.  IsTot  very 
vigorous,  but  all  his  seedling  cherries  are  of  a  healthy 
habit.  Bearing  too  great  crops,  although  a  fault  on  the 
right  side. 

Downer's  Late.  Color,  bright  lively  red,  mottled  am- 
ber in  shade;  form,  round,  heart-shaped,  slightly  com- 
j^ressed  on  one  side ,  size,  1  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2 ;  flesh, 
tender,  delicious,  and  sweet  when  fully  ripe  ;  season,  June 
and  July. 

Eemarks. — Tree  vigorous,  hardy,  prolific  and  healthy. 
Eecommended  hy  Buchanan,  Ernst  and  Warder  for  the 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati. 

Downing's  Eed  Cheek.  Color,  yellowish  white;  form, 
obtuse,  heart-shaped  ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ; 
flesh,  half  tender,  and  delicately  sweet;  season,  July  and 
August. 

Early  Purple  Guigne.  Form,  roundish  heart-shaped, 
indenture  at  point;  use,  table;  quality,  1;  flesh,  juicy, 
rich,  sweet,  and  excellent;  season.  May  and  June. 

Eemarks. — By  some  called  German  May  Duke.  Only 
moderately  productive  when  young.  It  is  very  early,  and 
delicious.  It  is  highly  deserving  of  cultivation,  being  the 
earliest  yet  know^n ;  more  so,  even,  than  the  Ma^^  Duke, 
and  Early  May,  with  the  same  advantages  of  situation 
and  soil.  The  May  Duke  is  quite  green,  and  the  Early 
May  is  hardly  ripe,  when  the  Early  Guigne  is  in  full  per- 
fection. It  is  nearly  two  weeks  earlier  than  the  May 
Duke,  and   fully  equal  to  it  in  quality.     The  Early  May 


CHERRIES.  261 

hangs  so  long,  that  it  will  come  up  to  the  Guigne  at  last. 
This  cherry  is  even  earlier  than  the  May  Bigarreau. 

EAELY  PEOLIFIC.  Color,  bright  carmine  red,  mot- 
tled on  light  amber  yellow;  form,  round  obtuse,  heart- 
shaped  ;  size,  1;  use,  table ;  quality,  1;  flesh,  half  tender, 
almost  firm,  juicy,  rich,  sweet,  and  delicate  flavor  ;  season, 
Ma}^  and  June. 

Remarks. — Professor  Kirtland.  Tree,  heakhy,  vigor- 
ous, and  upright.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  "Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

EAELY  EICIIMOND,  Pie  Cherry,  Kentish,  Etrly  M.rj. 
Color,  bright  red,  becoming  darker  as  it  ripens;  form, 
round  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  chiefly  kitchen,  verj'  ripe  for  table, 
though  rather  too  acid  ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  jnicy,  verj'  ten- 
der, sprightly,  rich,  acid  flavor;  season,  May  and  June. 

Ee.marks. — Yery  early,  valuable,  and  hardy.  Of  Mo- 
rello  family.  Excellent  for  early  market,  for  stewing, 
pies,  etc.  It  also  has  the  fine  qualit}'  of  hanging  long. 
The  Early  May  is  so  very  like  the  above,  that  the  distinc- 
tion is  hardl}^  worth  making.  Both  very  produ(;tive,  and 
"excellent  for  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Cary.  Eecommended, 
also,  as  a  matter  of  course,  by  those  good  judges,  Buchan- 
an, Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

ELTOX.  Color,  shining  pale  yellow  on  the  shaded 
side,  but  with  a  cheek  next  the  sun  delicately  mottled 
and  streaked  with  bright  red;  form,  long,  heart-shaped, 
pointed;  size,  1  ;  use,  table;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  nearly  len- 
der, juicy,  sweet,  with  an  exceedingly  rich,  high  flavor; 
season,  June. 

Eemarks. — English.  Of  superior  quality.  Trees,  grow 
vigorously,  with  a  rather  drooping  habit.  Eecommended 
by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  tliis  vicinity. 


2bZ  WKSTiTRN     FaUlT    BOOK. 

GOVEENOE  WOOD.  Color,  clear  rich  red;  form 
roundish,  heart-shaped;  size,  1;  use,  table ;  quality',  1; 
flesh,  light  pale  yellow,  half  juicy,  tender,  sweet,  and  fine. 

Eemarks. — Eaised  by  Professor  Kirtland.  Tree,  a  vig- 
orous, healthy  grower  (like  most  of  his  seedlings,  which 
constitutes  much  of  their  value,  beside  their  qualities), 
jDrodaetive  while  young,  very  remarkably  good.  Eecom- 
mended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

GEAFFION.     See  Yellow  Spanish. 

HiLDESHEiM.  Color,  ycllow,  mottled  with  red ;  form, 
heart-shaped  ;  size,  2 ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  pale 
yellow,  firm,  sweet;  season,  July  and  August. 

Eemarks. — From  Germany.  Tree,  upright,  strong 
grower.     Unproductive  while  young.     Bears  late. 

HoRTENSE.  Color,  bright  lively  red,  mottled  on  amber; 
form,  round,  elongated  side,  compressed ;  size,  1 ;  use, 
table  and  kitchen  ;  quality,  1  ;  flesh,  rich,  sprightly,  sub- 
acid ;  season,  July. 

Eemarks. — From  France.  Of  Duke  habit.  Vigorous 
and  healthy.  Suited  to  rich,  moist  soils.  Moderately 
prolific. 

Joc-o-soT.  Color,  dark  liver  ;  firm,  very  regular,  uni- 
form, heart-shaped,  slightl}^  obtuse,  deep  indenture  at 
apex  ;  size,  1  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  2 ;  flesh,  dark  liver, 
tender,  juicy,  rich,  sweet  flavor;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — Kirtland.  Tree  thrifty,  round-headed,  and 
productive. 

KIETLAND'S  MAEY.  Color,  light  and  dark  rich 
red;    form,    roundish,   heart-shaped;    size,  1  ;  use,   table; 


CHERRIES.  263 

quality,  1 ;  flesh,  light  yellow,  firm,  rich,  juicy,  sweet,  and 
very  highly  flavored  ;  season,  early  in  June. 

Eemarks. — Eaised  by  the  Professor.  Very  beautiful, 
very  desirable,  and  early,  for  both  family  and  market. 
Kecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst  and  Warder  for  the 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati.  Took  premium  in  Spring  of  1855, 
when  exhibited  by  the  author  at  the  Cincinnati  Horticul- 
tural Society,  as  the  best  earliest  cherry.  Tree  hand- 
some, rather  upright. 

Kirtland's  Mammoth.  Color,  light  clear  yellow ;  form, 
obtuse,  heart-shaped ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh, 
almost  tender,  juicy,  sweet,  high  flavor  ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — Another  seedling  of  the  Professor.  Tree, 
large  and  vigorous.     Only  moderately  productive. 

Late  Bigarreau.  Color,  rich  yellow  ground,  red  cheek ; 
form,  obtuse,  heart-shaped,  broad  indenture  at  the  apex ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh,  firm,  juicy,  sweet,  of 
agreeable  flavor;  season,  June  and  July. 

Eemarks. — Dr.  Kirtland.  Tree,  vigorous,  and  very  pro- 
ductive. 

Large  Heart-Shaped.  Color,  dark  shining  red  ;  form, 
roundish,  heart-shaped ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ; 
quality,  2  to  3 ;  flesh,  coarse  tissue,  not  juicy,  nor  high- 
flavored  ;  season,  last  of  June. 

Eemarks. — From  France.  Tree,  strong  and  vigorous  ; 
very  productive,  and  desirable  for  market. 

LATE  'DUKE.  Color,  rich  deep  shining  red,  when 
mature;  form, roundish, heart-shaped,  with  a  slight  suture 
on  one  side;  size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  1;  season,  be- 
ginning of  July  to  the  end. 


264  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eemarks. — From  France,  although  of  English  origin. 
Every  late  cherry  must  prove  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
this  fine  fruit.  Of  this  character  is  the  Late  Duke.  It  is 
of  very  large  size,  of  a  beautiful  color,  and  an  abundant 
bearer.  It  is  equal  to  the  May  Duke.  The  fruit  of  the 
Late  Duke  is  usually  borne  in  pairs,  or  threes,  on  a  short 
stem,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Logan.  Color,  liver ;  form,  obtuse,  sometimes  regular, 
heart-shaped;  size,  2  to  1 ;  use,  table;  quality,  2;  flesh, 
nearly  firm,  juicy,  rich,  sweet  flavor;  season,  June. 

Kemarks. — Kirtland.  Tree,  hardy  and  healthy,  moder- 
ately productive.     Little  liable  to  injury  by  frost. 

MAEY.     See  Kirtlund's. 

May  Bigarreau  (^Bigarrean  de  Mai,  Beaumans  May,  or 
Allen's  Favorite).  Color,  rich  deep  red,  when  fully  mature 
becoming  of  a  shining,  dark,  purplish  color;  form,  oval, 
heart-shaped ;  size,  2  to  3  (rather  small)  ;  flesh,  purplish 
red,  soft,  and  tender,  juice  abundant,  with  a  sweet,  rich 
flavor ;  quality,  1 ;  season,  last  of  May,  sometimes  the  be- 
ginning of  May,  or  early  part  of  June. 

Remarks. — With  the  exception  of  the  Early  Purple 
Guignc,  which  is  not  yet  much  known,  the  May  Bigarreau 
may  be  safely  set  down  as  at  least  two  weeks  earlier  than 
any  variety ;  unless  perhaps  the  Early  May,  or  Early  Eich- 
mond,  may  equal  it  in  this  respect. 

MAY  DUKE.  Color,  deep  red  ;  form,  roundish  obtuse, 
heart-shaped;  size,  1;  use,  table;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  flesh, 
reddish,  tender,  sub-acid  ;  season,  May  to  June. 

Eemarks. — From  France.  Of  a  hardy,  upright  growth ; 
produces  freely,  but  ripens  very  irregularly.     Good  for 


CHERRIES.  ■  265 

the  Cincinnati  market.     "  Excellently  well  adapted  to  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

MOTTLED  BIGAEEEAU.     See  Bigarreau  Mottled. 

NAPOLEOj^  BIGAEEEAU.  Color,  pale  yellow,  be- 
coming amber  in  the  shade,  richly  dotted,  and  spotted 
with  very  deep  red,  and  with  a  fine  marbled,  dark  crim- 
son cheek ;  form,  roundish,  obtuse,  heart-shaped,  with  a 
suture  line  frequently  raised,  instead  of  being  depressed ; 
size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ;  quality,  1 ;  flesh,  very 
firm,  moderately  juicy ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks.  —  Tree,  vigorous,  productive.  Showy  for 
market.  Good  for  cooking.  *'  Excellently  well  adapted 
for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati." — F.  G.  Gary. 

Osceola.  Color,  dark  purplish  red ;  form,  regular, 
heart-shaped;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table;  quality,  1;  flesh, 
juicy,  rich,  and  sweet ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — One  of  those  many  good  seedlings  which 
Dr.  Kirtland  had  the  singular  judgment  and  good  fortune 
to  raise  b}^  selection,  etc.  Tree  round,  hardy,  and  heal- 
thy.    A  good  bearer. 

Ox  Heart,  or  White  Bigarreau.  Yellowish  red  in 
sun  ;  form,  heart-shaped  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  and  kitchen ; 
quality,  2  ;  flesh,  almost  firm  ;  season,  June. 

Eemarks. — Sweet,  delicious.     Not  a  very  good  bearer. 

PoNTiAC.  Color,  dark  purplish  red ;  form,  obtuse, 
heart-shaped;  size,  1 ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh,  juicy, 
sweet,  and  agreeable. 

Eemarks. — From    Professor  Kirtland.     Tree   vigorous 
and  healthy.     Eecommended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 
23 


266  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

PowHATTAN.  Color,  Tich  purplish  red  ;  form,  roundish 
flattened;  size.  2  ;  use,  table  ;  quality,  2;  flesh,  half  ten- 
der, juicy,  sweet,  pleasant ;  not  high  flavor;  season,  late 
June  to  July. 

Eemarks. — Kirtland's.  Tree  vigorous  and  productive. 
Profitable  for  a  market  fruit.     Late,  and  regular  in  size. 

Eed  Jacket.  Form,  regular,  obtuse,  lengthened ;  size, 
1 ;  use.  table  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh,  half  tender,  juicy,  of  good, 
not  high  flavor;  season,  June  to  July. 

Remarks. — Another  of  Professor  Kirtland's.  Fruit 
ripens  late.  Excellent  for  market.  Recommended  by 
Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  region  of  Ohio. 

Eockport.  Color,  brilliant,  deep  red  ;  form,  obtuse, 
heart-shaped  ;  size,  1 ;  use.  table  ;  flesh,  firm,  juicy,  sweet, 
rich,  and  delicious  ;  season.  June,  early. 

Remarks. — Professor  Kirtlands  raising.  One  of  the 
hardiest  of  his  fine  seedling  cherries,  as  was  fully  proven 
in  the  memorable  severe  cold  of  last  Winter  (1S56).  A 
few  of  these  cherries  were  found  rather  too  tender  in 
that  great  and  unusual  trial.  But  it  is  not  very  likely 
we  shall  soon  have  another  such  a  winter.  The  wood  was 
also  not  matured  enough  to  meet  it.  Tree  strong,  vigor- 
ous, upright  habit.  Valuable  for  private  market  gardens. 
Recommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the 
region  of  Ohio, 

Shannon.  Globular,  flat  at  junction  with  stem  ;  size, 
1  to  2  ;  use,  kitchen  ;  quality,  2  ;  flesh,  juicy,  acid  ;  season, 
June. 

Remarks. — Still  another  of  the  Professor's.  A  Morel lo. 
Tree  very  hardy. 

SWEET  MOyTMORE>"CY.     Color,  pale  amber  in  tht 


CHERRIES.  267 

shade,  of  a  deep  orange  red  in  the  sun,  becoming  darker 
Tvhen  fully  rij^e.  and  mottled  with  yellow ;  form,  nearly 
round,  little  flattened  at  both  ends,  with  a  shallow  suture 
on  one  side,  and  an  kidented  point  at  the  apex  ;  size,  2  to 
3  ;  use,  table ;  quality,  1  ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — The  number  of  American  varieties  of  fruits, 
and  cherries  in  particular,  is  yearly  increasing ;  and  we 
may  soon  expect  to  find  the  principal  kinds,  in  general 
cultivation,  our  native  "varieties.  Mr.  Knight  produced 
several  new  sorts  of  cherries  by  cross-fertilization,  which 
have  stood  high  ;  and  Dr.  Kirtland's  success  speaks  well 
for  itself.  The  Sweet  Montmorency  is  the  production  of 
Mr.  Manning,  in  this  country.  It  is  an  accidental  seed- 
ling in  1831  or  1832.  It  was  produced  in  Mr.  J.  F.  Aliens 
garden  in  Salem.  It  hardly  ever  fails  to  ripen  a  crop  of 
fruit  every  season.  It  is  scarcely  ever  injured  by  weather 
(particularly  if  wet),  which  usually  cracks  and  injures 
most  varieties.  It  is  one  of  the  latest  sweet  cherries, 
ripening  at  the  same  time  as  the  May  Duke,  and  hangs 
long  after  it  is  mature,  and  also  keej)ing  some  time 
after  it  is  gathered.  It  is  very  productive,  and  bears 
sometimes  100  cherries  on  a  small  forked  branch  a  foot 
long. 

Tecumseh.  Color,  reddish  purple  ;  form,  obtuse,  heart- 
shaj^ed ;  size,  2  to  1  ;  use,  table  and  kitchen  ;  qualit}',  2 ; 
flesh,  sweet,  juicy,  but  not  high-flavored  ;  season,  July. 

Remarks. — Kirtland's  again.  Tree  moderately  vigor- 
ous.    Hardy,  late,  for  market. 

YELLOW  SPANISH.  See  Graffion.  Color,  whitish 
yellow,  with  mottled  red  in  the  sun  :  form,  regular  obtuse, 
heart-shaped  ;  size,  1 ;  use,  table ;  flesh,  yellowish  ;  form, 
juicy,  rich,  sweet,  delicious;  season,  June. 

Remarks. — One  of  the  richest  and  best  cherries.     But 


268         ^  WESTERN     FRUIT     H  U  0  K  . 

has  rather  a  tendency  to  decay.  Tree  strong,  spreading, 
healthy,  and  productive.  Eecommended  by  Messrs.  Bu- 
chanan, Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 
"Excellently  well  adapted  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati." 
—F.  G.    Gary. 

From    Report  of  R.  Buchanan,  A.  H.  Ernst,  and  J.  A. 
Warder,  to  the  American  Pomological  Society. 

CHEERIES. 

"  Cherries  bear,  on  an  average,  one  out  of  three  years. 
The  climate  of  Southern  Ohio  is  too  warm  for  this  fruit, 
and  but  few  varieties  succeed  well  here.  The  best  cherry 
region  in  our  State  is  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Erie, 
w^here  fine  crops  are  produced  almost  every  year.  The 
rose-bug  and  the  slug,  there  complained  of,  do  not  annoy 
us  here  ;  but  the  trees  of  the  finer  varieties  often  crack 
oj^en  in  winter,  after  warm  wet  Autumns,  and  are  either 
destroyed  or  greatly  disfigured. 

"  The  western  country  is  largely  indebted  to  Dr.  J.  P. 
Kirtland,  of  Cleveland,  for  the  production  of  some  very 
fine  seedling  cherries,  better  adapted  to  the  climate  than 
those  of  foreign  origin.  The  hardiest  varieties  with  us 
are  of  the  '  Morello  '  family  ;  next  are  the  '  Dukes,'  and 
least  of  all  the  '  Bigarreaus.' 

"  The  following  are  mostly  cultivated  : 

"  Belle  de  Choisy,  Black  Hawk,  Black  Tartarian,  Down- 
er's Late  Eed,  Early  May,  Early  Prolific,  Elton,  Governor 
Wood,  Kirtland's  Mammoth,  Kirtland's  Mary,  Eeine  Ilor- 
tense.  Carnation,  May  Duke,  Mottled  Bigarreau,  Napo- 
leon, Pontiac,  Red  Jacket,  Eockport  (hardiest,  very  early). 
White  Bigarreau,  Yellow  Spanish. 

Dwarf  cherry  trees  are  produced  by  propagating  the 
Sweet  or  Duke  varieties  on  the  Mahaleb  or  Morello  roots. 
They  should  be  w^orked  just  at  the  crown  of  the  root. 


CHERRIES.  269 

Merits  of  Cherries,  decided  upon  at  a   Cherry  Festival  held  at 

Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  the  best  situation  (on  the  Lake)  and  soil  for 

Cherries. 

Kirtland's  Mary.  Large,  pale  red,  firm,  first  quality ; 
a  very  pretty  cherry. 

Governor  Wood.  New.  A  large,  round,  pale  red, 
sweet,  first  quality ;  a  delicious  cherry  ;  one  of  the  very 
best. 

Virginia  May  Duke.  Small,  heart-shaped,  bright  red, 
second-rate. 

EocKPORT  BiGARREAU.  Large,  handsome,  bright  red, 
first-rate. 

Davenport's  Early  Black.  Large,  soft,  black,  sweet ; 
very  good. 

Cleveland  Bigarreau.  Large,  bright  red,  first  qual- 
ity; a  great  bearer. 

Louis  Phillipe.  New;  Morello;  large,  dark  red, 
tart,  rich. 

GrRiDLEY.     Small,  dark,  second-rate. 

DowNTON.     Pale  red,  solid,  rich  ;  good. 

Belle  de  Choisy.     Pound,  red,  soft,  rich  ;  first  rate. 

Madison  Bigarreau.  Medium  size,  bright  red,  soft, 
sweet;  second-rate. 

Manning's  Mottled  Bigarreau.  Pale  red;  second- 
rate. 

China  Bigarreau.     Small,  pale  red  ;  poor. 

Early  White  Heart.  Medium,  pale  red,  sweet,  firm  j 
good. 

Boyer's  Early.    Medium,  etc.,  as  above. 

Egbert's  Eed,  Medium.  These  three  are  very  sim- 
ilar, and  suspected  to  be  the  same. 

Doctor.     Above  medium,  red,  firm,  rich  ;  first  quality. 

June  Duke.     A  tart  variety  of  May  Duke. 

Knight's  Early  Black.  Dark,  rich,  soft;  first  qual- 
ity.    Said  to  be  a  poor  grower  and  poor  bearer. 


270  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Black  Heart.  This  cherry  is  smaller  than  it  should 
be,  and  appears  to  be  only  a  good  mazzard,  but  it  is  said 
to  improve  as  it  ripens,  and  to  bear  well. 

English  Amber.  Not  nearly  equal  to  its  American 
namesake. 

Swedish.     This  is  the  Rockport  Bigarreau. 

Delicate.  A  new  cherry,  of  a  pale  but  bright  and  del- 
icate color.     Size,  moderate  ;  quality,  good. 

Elizabeth.  Above  medium,  bright  color,  flavor  brisk ; 
good. 

Black  Ox-Heart.     Dark,  and  not  large. 

Ohio  Beauty.  Yery  handsome,  good,  and  a  great 
bearer. 

Black  Hawk.  Medium  size,  dark  red ;  a  superior 
fruit,  becoming  a  liver-colored  black  when  ripe  ;  excellent 
for  market. 

Mammoth.  Large,  light  red,  tender,  very  fine ;  one  of 
the  best,  but  not  so  good  a  bearer. 

Osceola.  G-ood  size,  black,  very  pleasant ;  handsome 
on  the  tree,  and  a  good  bearer. 

Eed  Jacket.  Medium  size,  light  red,  good,  and  a  great 
bearer. 

Elliott's  Favorite.  Very  handsome  on  the  tree  ;  a 
great  bearer,  and  very  hardy. 

Jockotos.  Large,  black,  tender,  pleasant,  and  a  great 
bearer. 

t 

the  twelve  best  sweet  cherries. 

All  cherries  ripen  at  the  South  (that  is,  with  us)  about 
one  month  earlier  than  the  date  here  fixed.  These  are  nil 
good  market  varieties,  with  the  exception  of  '•  Delicate," 
and  "Early  Purple  Guigne.'" 

Belle  op  Orleans.     Use,  table  ;  season,  early  June. 

Brant.     Use,  table  ;  season,  middle  June. 

Black  Tartarian.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  Juno. 


Gil  E  R  H  I  K  S  .  27 1 

Black  Hawk.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  June. 
Coe's  Transparent.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  June. 
Delicate.     Use,  table  ;  season,  first  July. 
Downer's  Late.     Use,  table;  season,  middle  July. 
Early  Purple  Guigne.     Use,  table  ;  season,  first  Juno 
Elton.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  June. 
Governor  Wood.     Use,  table  ;  season,  middle  June. 
Kirtland's  Mary.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  June. 
EocKPORT.     Use,  table;  season,  middle  Juno, 

the    six    BEST    DUKE   CHERRIES. 

Archduke.  Use,  table  and  cooking ;  season,  early 
July. 

Belle  de  Choisy.     Use,  table  ;  season,  last  June. 

Belle  Magnifique.  Use,  cooking;  season,  July  and 
August. 

May  Duke.     Use,  table  ;  season,  June. 

Reine  Hortense.     Use,  table  ;  season,  middle  July. 

Vail's  August  Duke.  Use,  table  and  cooking ;  season, 
August. 

the  six  best  morello  cherries. 

Carnatlon  (for  South  and  West).  Use,  table  and  cook- 
ing ;    season,  Jul3^ 

Early  Richmond.     Use,  cooking;   season,  June. 

Shannon.  Use,  table  and  cooking;  season,  middle 
July. 

Donna  Maria.     Use,  cooking  ;  season,  middle  July. 

Imperial.     Use,  Cooking  ;   season,  August. 

Louis  Phillipe.     Use,  cooking  ;  season,  middle  July. 

The  "  Large  Morello,"  originated  by  Professor  Kirt- 
land,  w^ill  probably  supersede  Carnation,  but  it  is  not  yet 
sufficiently  tested. 


272  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 


Common  Quince. 

Eemarks. — This  and  the  two  following  are  often  con- 
founded with  each  other.  It  is  probable  that  from  seeds 
of  either  sort,  varieties  have  been,  and  still  may  be  ob- 
tained, some  of  which  would  produce  apple-shaped,  and 
some  pear-shaped  fruit. 

Apple-Shaped  Quince. 

Pear-Shaped  Quince. 

Kemarks. — Medium  size;  roundish  oblong,  or  pjriform, 
tapering  to  the  stalk  ;  skin,  dull  yellow;  flesh,  firm,  tough, 
dry,  but  of  high  flavor.  When  stewed,  or  cooked,  it  is 
less  tender,  and  the  flesh  less  lively  in  color,  than  the 
Orange  Quince.    Leaves,  oblong,  ovate ;  season,  September. 

Portugal  Quince. 

Kemarks. — Yery  good,  and  distinct  from  the  preceding 
sorts.  It  does  not,  however,  become,  except  in  very  favor- 
able seasons,  of  so  deep  an  orange ;  its  leaves  are  broader, 
and  its  growth  less  contracted ;  consequently  it  is  used  for 
grafting  pears  on.  Shy  bearer.  Fruit,  medium  to  large, 
regular  oblate,  pyriform,  smooth;  flesh,  mild;  cooks 
tender.     Eipens  ten  days  earlier  than  the  Orange  Quince. 

Orange  Quince,  Angers  Quince. 

Remarks. — These  two  last  enumerated  varieties,  pos- 
sess characters  difl'ering  so  little  from  what  may  be  found 


QUINCES.  27H 

among  sub-varieties  of  the  others,  that  they  are  scarcely- 
worth  distinguishing.  Excellent  for  dwarf  pears.  Leaf, 
round,  and  downy  underneath. 

Large-Fruited  Quince. 

Eemarks. — This  variety  is  most  esteemed.  Should  not 
be  gathered  early.  Leaf,  ovate,  pointed ;  fruit,  large, 
ovate,  oblate  pyriform ;  skin,  smooth,  of  a  rich  golden 
yellow. 

New  Upright  Quince. 

Eemarks. — From  Ellwanger  &  Bari-y,  of  Eochester, 
New  York.  It  grows  upright,  strikes  readily  from  cut- 
tings; but  after  the  first  year's  growth  seems  to  lose 
vigor,  and  afterward  grows  very  tardy.  Not  fit  to  graft 
pears  on. 

Angers,  Paris,  or  Orleans  quinces,  are  the  best  stocks 
for  dwarf  pears.  The  Middle  and  Western  States  seem 
to  be  the  j^eculiar  home  for  the  quince.  There  are  four 
kinds,  only,  used  for  cooking.  In  most  cases,  quinces 
will  produce  the  same  from  seed,  but  they  will  sport  a 
little  —  hence  the  variety,  although  not  many,  of  forms. 
They  are  very  easily  proi^agated  from  cuttings.  The 
bush  form  is  the  most  natural. 


274  WESTERN    PRUIT    BOOK. 


Aba.  Bunch,  compact;  color,  very  dark ;  skia.,  thin; 
flavor,  sweet  and  vinous,  very  juicy ;  quality,  2  ;  situation, 
south. 

Eemarks. — Originator,  Dr.  Valk,  of  Flushing,  Long 
Island.  Strong  and  vigorous  growth ;  shoots,  partially 
brown  ;  joints,  six  inches  from  eye  to  eye ;  leaf,  large,  and 
handsome.     Fruits  freely.     Perfectly  hardy 

Bland.  Bunch,  long  and  loose  ;  color,  pale  red  ;  skin, 
thin  ;  flavor,  delicate,  pleasant,  sweet,  a  little  astringent ; 
quality,  1 ;  situation,  south-east. 

Remarks. — From  Yirginia.  It  is  a  good  table  grape, 
where  it  will  ripen,  which  is  not  north  of  Philadelphia. 
Late  in  ripening,  and  valuable  to  put  away  for  Winter  use. 

Catawba.  Bunch,  medium  sized,  shouldered ;  color, 
pale  red ;  form  of  berries,  nearly  round ;  skin,  thick ; 
flavor,  slightly  pulpy,  sweet,  juicy,  rich,  aromatic,  musky 
flavor ;  quality,  1 ;  situation,  south-east. 

Eemarks. — Highly' — most  highly  esteemed,  for  dessert 
and  wine  use.  In  growth  and  foliage  it  resembles  the 
Isabella,  except  that  the  wood  is  of  darker  color,  shorter 
jointed,  and  more  round,  and  at  base  of  every  leaf,  there 
is  a  white  downy  spot.  Sweet  when  only  half  ripe,  but 
very  luscious  when  quite  ripe,  and  dark  colored.  Berries 
covered  with  a  beautiful  lilac  bloom.  Pond's  Seedling, 
To-Kalon,  Clermont,  White  Catawba,  and  the  Zane,  are 
sub-varieties  of  the  Catawba,  but  not  equaling  it.     The 


GRAPES.  275 

"Mammoth  Catawba"  is  also  a  sub-variet}^  which,  under 
high  culture,  surpasses  the  original,  only  in  size. — That  part 
of  the  United  States  between  the  thirty-eighth  and  forty- 
fourth  parallels  of  latitude,  so  far,  is  entitled  to  the 
supremacy  in  grape  culture.  Already  the  v/ines  of  Oliio 
and  Missouri,  begin  to  supplant  the  imported  Khine  and 
Champagne  wines  here,  even  at  the  same  prices.  Terra- 
ces rise  above  terraces  on  the  hill-sides  of  the  Ohio,  and 
the  red  bluffs  begin  to  disappear  beneath  masses  of  vine 
foliage,  and  purple  clusters  of  fruit.  We  find  that  Indi- 
ana, Illinois,  and  Michigan,  are  improving  the  hint  given 
by  Ohio  ;  in  fact  Indiana  must  be  recognized  as  one  of  the 
pioneers,  for  Vevay  first  commenced  it  in  the  beginning 
of  the  present  centur3\  Missouri  already  ventures  to 
contest  the  palm  with  Ohio. — The  Catawba  is  twenty  to 
one  in  cultivation,  in  Ohio,  over  the  Isabella.  Of  these 
two  grapes  the  best  wines  are  made  in  Ohio.  There  is  a 
peculiarity  of  these  wines,  that  no  spurious  compound  can 
be  made  to  imitate  them ;  and  in  purity  and  delicacy,  and 
we  may  almost  add  richness,  there  is  no  known  wine 
to  equal  them.  The  cuttings  of  these  vines  are  always 
saleable,  to  propagate  new  vineyards. 

Clinton.  Bunch,  medium  or  small,  compact,  not  shoul- 
dered ;  color,  blue  bloom  ;  form  of  berries,  nearly  round, 
small ;  skin,  thin  ;  flavor,  pulpy,  rather  harsh  ;  quality,  2  ; 
situation,  South. 

Eemarks. — From  Western  New  York.  Not  a  strong 
grower,  although  perfectly  hardy  and  suited  to  border 
planting,  three  feet  apart,  and  stake  training  not  exceed- 
ing four  feet  high,  in  gardens.  Its  greatest  recommen- 
dation is  that  it  ripens  ten  days  or  two  weeks  earlier  than 
the  Isabella,  and  is,  therefore,  suited  to  higher  or  more 
Northern  latitudes. — Grapes  should  be  extensively  raised 
from  seed,  but  not  from  the  seed  of  foreign  grapes,  as  has 


276  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

been  recommended.  We  should  extensively  plant  the 
seed  of  Our  native  grapes,  and  great  changes  will  be  pro- 
duced. Mr.  Longworth  had  an  evidence  of  this,  he 
having  presented  at  the  exhibition  of  our  Horticultural 
Society,  a  seedling  from  the  Isabella,  that  j)assed  as  the 
Black  Hamburgh.  The  berry  was  larger  than  the  largest 
Black  Hamburgh  on  the  tables,  though  the  latter  was 
raised  under  glass.  In  raising  plants  from  the  seed  of 
the  Catawba,  grapes  of  great  value  may  be  produced, 
and  varieties  without  number.  But  the  greater  portion 
will  go  back  to  the  origin  of  all,  the  Fox  Grape.  The 
Fox  Grape  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  extreme  white 
color  of  the  leaf  on  the  under  side,  and  when  a  full  blood- 
ed Fox,  the  stem  will  be  covered  with  a  heavy  down. 
AVhen  there  is  a  down,  the  plant  should  be  thrown  aside 
as  soon  as  the  stem  shows  it.  When  the  stem  is  smooth, 
if  the  leaf  is  white,  it  may  produce  a  good  fruit.  When 
the  under  side  of  the  leaf  has  less,  or  not  more  of  the  Fox 
character  than  the  Catawba,  a  plant  of  value  may  be  ex- 
pected. It  is  not  the  sweetest  grapes  that  contain  the 
most  sugar.  The  size  of  the  berry  is  not  im2:)ortant  for 
wine,  but  the  vine  should  be  of  vigorous  growth,  and 
bear  a  good  crop.  Solid  wood  of  last  year's  growth,  two 
eyes  to  each  graft,  are  enough ;  cut  one  inch  above  the 
upper  eye,  and  three  inches  below  the  lower  eye,  it  will 
make  a  cutting  that  will  vegetate. 

Diana.  Bunch,  small,  below  medium,  compact ;  color, 
pale  red;  form  of  berries,  round;  flavor,  little  pulpy,  rich. 

Remarks. — Seedling  from  the  Catawba ;  grown  by  Mrs. 
Diana  Crehore,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  Matures  two 
weeks  earlier  than  the  Catawba.  It  has  not  equaled  its 
parent  at  Cincinnati.  It  suits  best  a  Northern  latitude. 
Eesembles  the  Catawba  a  little  in  flavor.  It  is  hardy, 
vigorous  and  productive. 


GRAPES.  277 

Concord. 

Remarks. — A  little  larger,  and  six  days  earlier  than 
the  Isabella.  Yery  hardy,  and  a  free  grower — nearly  as 
good  as  the  Isabella.     Suited  to  the  North  rather  than  for 

us  "West. 

Delaware,  or  Traminer.  Color,  pale  reddish ;  form, 
roundish  oval ;  bunches,  medium  sized ;  berry,  middle 
size,  uniform,  tender,  juicy,  sweet,  without  pulp,  and  rich 
and  agreeable  flavor. 

Remarks. — Messrs.  Prince,  Grant,  Downing,  Brinckle, 
Hovey,  and  others,  consider  this  the  most  delicious  native 
grape,  except,  perhaps,  the  Scuppernong  of  the  South.  It 
is  very  hardy.  It  was  discovered  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  introduced  into  Ohio  twenty -five  or  thirty  years  ago. 
This  variety  may  be  recommended  as  promising  very 
well.     Ripens  ten  days  before  the  Isabella. 

Elsinburgh.  Bunch,  medium,  loose  shouldered;  color, 
black;  form  of  berries,  small,  round;  skin,  thin,  blue 
bloom;  flavor,  melting,  sweet ;  quality,  1;  situation,  S.E. 

Remarks. — From  Salem  county,  IS".  J.  A  nice  little 
grape,  suited  for  the  dessert,  and  for  growing  on  the  trel- 
lises in  gardens.  A  moderate  regular  bearer.  Ripening 
a  little  before,  or  with  the  Isabella.     "  Best." 

HERBEMONT.  Bunch,  large,  compact  shouldered; 
color,  purple;  form  of  berries,  small,  round;  skin,  thin, 
purple  bloom  ;  flavor,  sweet,  excellent,  juicy,  vinous;  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  situation.  South. 

Remarks. — Of  doubtful  origin.  Hardy.  In  fruit  it 
does  not  difi^'er  from  the  Lenoir;  but  in  wood,  distinct. 
Only  moderately  vigorous. 

Imitation  Hamburgh.     Bunch,  large;  color,  dark  pur- 


278  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

pie ;  skin,  thin ;  flavor^  j^icy,  soft ;  quality,  2 ;  situation, 
south. 

Remarks.  —  A  native  variety,  inferior  to  the  Black 
Hamburgh.     Origin  not  known. 

ISABELLA.  Bunch,  large,  rather  loose  shouldered ; 
color,  dark  purple ;  form  of  berries,  oval,  large ;  skin, 
thin;  flavor,  juicy,  sweet,  rich,  a  little  musky  aroma; 
quality,  1 ;  situation,  south-east. 

E-EMARKS. — Origin  somewhat  disputed.  Probably  from 
South  Carolina,  and.  therefore,  a  native.  Its  vigor  and 
product  with  us,  will  ever  render  it  a  favorite.  Berries, 
when  fully  ripe,  nearly  black,  and  then  very  sweet.  Ber- 
ries covered  Avith  a  blue  bloom.  Hyde's  Eliza,  Troy 
Grape,  Pennsylvania,  Maicon,  Sherman,  Chillicotlie  Seed- 
ling, and  Lee's,  are  all  sub-varieties ,'  not  equal  to  the 
original. 

KiTTREDGE  SeedlinG'.  Color,  brown ;  form  of  berries, 
round  ovate;  skin,  thick;  flavor,  rich  and  sweet;  quality, 
2 ;  situation,  south. 

Eemarks. — This  may  become  a  good  grape  for  wine. 

Lenoir.     Quality,!;  situation,  south. 

Eemarks. — More  vigorous  than  the  Herbermont,  but 
otherwise  like  it.  Wood,  light  colored,  with  a  light  blue 
cast. 

Minor's  Seedling,  or  Benango. 
Eemarks. — Has  value  as  a  wine  grape. 

Missouri.  Bunch,  below  medium,  loose ;  color,  black 
almost;  form,  small,  round;  flavor,  tender,  sweet  and 
juicy,  little  pulp;  quality.  2;  situation,  south-east. 

Remarks, — From  Missouri.     Of  slow  growth,  short- 


GRAPES.  279 

jointed,  and,  like  the  Clinton,  suited  to  border  culture. 
A  wine  is  made  from  it  resembling  Madeira. 

MORIN. 

Naumkeaq. 

Norton's  Yirginia.  Bunch,  long,  little  shouldered, 
compact ;  color,  deep  purple  ;  form  of  berries,  small  round; 
flavor,  l^ulpy,  harsh;  quality,  3;  situation,  south-east. 

Eemarks. — A  native.  Of  but  little  value,  but  tolerably 
passable  for  the  table. 

Ohio  Segar  Box.  Bunch,  large,  loose  shouldered; 
color,  nearly  black  ;  form  of  berries,  small  round  ;  flavor, 
without  pulj),  sweet;  quality,  1;  situation,  south-east. 

Eemarks. — True  origin  unknown.  North  of  Cincin- 
nati it  fails.     Only  for  table  use. 

Eebecca. 

Eemarks. — No  doubt  a  variety  of  the  Chasselas  family. 
The  only  Avhite  native  grape  within  our  knowledge,  and 
desirable,  if  only  for  that  reason.  It  promises  well. 
Propably  a'ather  tender. 

Eulander. 
V  Eemarks. — A  German  grape  of  this  name,  gives  great 
promise  of  success  in  the  open  air.     The  Muscadine  and 
Scuppernong    scarcely    succeed.      Fruits   of   Missouri^   by 
Thomas  Allen,  of  St.  Louis. 

Schuylkill,  etc.  Bunch,  not  shouldered  ;  color,  black ; 
form  of  berries,  large,  round  ovate;  flavor,  pulpy,  juicy, 
firm,  musky,  often  harsh;  situation,  south. 

EEMARKs.-^From  Ponnsylvania.     Leaves,  downy. 


280  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

Shaker's  Seedling.     See  Union  Village  Grape. 
Kemarks. — Yal liable   and  pleasant,  Southern   species. 
There  highly  esteemed. 

scuppernong. 

Union  Village  Gtrape. 

Remarks. — As  large  as  the  J31ack  Hamburgh,  and  quite 

hardy.     It   is  a  monstrous  grower,  bunches  quite  large, 

the  flavor  sweet,  and  as  good  as  the  Isabella.    A  fine  table 

grape.    A  little  earlier  than  the  Isabella  and  Catawba,  but 

not  so  early  as  the  Delaware.     Vigorous.     Probably  not 

well  adapted  for  making  wine.     Flavor  very  fine.     Cane 

very  stout. 

FOREIGJS"  GRAPES. 

BLACK  HAMBURGH.  Bunch,  large,  shouldered  both 
sides ;  color,  bright  purple,  purple  blue  Avhen  ripe  ;  form 
of  berries,  very  large,  roundish,  oval ;  skin,  thin  ;  flavor, 
sugary,  rich;  quality,  1;  situation,  cold  house,  vinery. 

Remarks. — The  best  for  the  vinery.  In  sheltered  loca- 
tions, out  of  doors.  In  many  cities  south,  as  far  as  Cin- 
cinnati, it  does  well  with  Winter  protection.  A  good 
bearer.  A  vine  of  this  variety,  at  Hampton  Court  Palace, 
planted  in  1769,  produced  two  thousand  bunches — over 
one  ton  of  fruit,  which  the  author  saw. 

BLACK  PRINCE.  Bunch,  long,  often  shouldered; 
color,  black,  blue  bloom ;  form  of  berries,  large,  thinly  set, 
oval ;  skin,  thick;  flavor,  sweet,  excellent,  very  good:  qual- 
ity, 1 ;  situation,  cold  house,  vinery. 

Remarks. — Succeeds  well,  with  Winter  protection,  out 
of  doors.  It  hangs  long  in  the  house  after  fully  ripe.  A 
profuse  bearer. 

Black  Frontignac.     Bunch,  long ;  color,  black ;  form 


GRAPES. 


281 


of  berries,  medium  size,  round ;  skin,  thin ;  flavor,  good, 
musky,  rich  ;  quality,  1. 

Kemarks.— Muscadine  wine  is  made  from  this.  A  pro- 
fuse bearer. 

Black  Cluster.  Bunch,  small,  compact ;  color,  black ; 
form  of  berries,  medium,  roundish  ovate ;  flavor,  juicy, 
sweet;  quality,  2;  situation,  cold  house. 

Remarks.— This  variety  is  hardy,  and  succeeds  out  of 

doors. 

Grizzly  Frontignan.  Bunch,  rather  long,  narrow; 
color,  green  red;  form  of  berries,  medium,  round,  thick 
bloomt  fla^^or,  juicy,  rich,  musky,  high  flavor ;  quality,  1 ; 
situation,  cold  house. 

Remarks.— Adapted  only  to  the  house.    It  ripens  early. 

Best  quality. 

ROYAL  MUSCADINE.  Bunch,  large,  long  shoulder- 
ed ;  color,  green  white,  and  blue  when  ripe  ;  form  of  ber- 
ries, above  medium,  round  ;  flavor,  Render,  rich,  delicious; 
season,  September  ;  quality,  2;  situation,  cold  house. 

Remarks.— Highly  esteemed.  Stronger  in  growth,  and 
larger  in  berries  than  the  White  Sweetwater.  Requires, 
out  of  doors,  Winter  protection,  and  plenty  of  wood 
ashes. 

MUSCAT  OF  ALEXANDRIA.  Bunch,  very  large, 
loose,  irregular  ;  color,  pale  amber;  form  of  berries,  large, 
oval;  skin,  thick;  flavor,  musky,  rich,  perfumed  flavor; 
quality,  2  ;  situation,  hot  house. 

Remarks.— Adapted  only  to  house-culture,  and  bene- 
fited by  artificial  heat.     It  is  the  Malaga  grape.    Brought 
to  this  country  in  jars. 
24 


282  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

TEAMIJSTEE.  Bunch,  medium,  compact;  color,  pale 
red ;  form  of  berries,  round,  ovate,  middle  size,  uniform  ; 
flavor,  tender,  juicy,  sweet,  no  pulp,  rich,  and  pleasant; 
quality,  1. 

Eemarks.  —  This  deserves  a  place  in  every  garden. 
Eipens  ten  days  before  the  Isabella. 

WHITE  FEONTIG^AN.  Bunch,  medium  size,  rather 
long,  rarely  shouldered ;  form  of  berries,  middle  size, 
round,  rather  closely  set;  flavor,  delicious,  sugary,  rich, 
musky  flavor;  quality,  1 ;  situation,  cold  house. 

Eemarks. — An  old  productive  variety.     Suited  only  to 

the  house. 

SEEDLING  GEAPE. 

EINTZ'S  SEEDLING.  Bunch,  compact,  medium  size ; 
color,  dark  purple,  almost  blue  when  fully  ripe ;  form  of 
berries,  round,  larger  than  Catawba,  medium  size. 

Eemarks. — From  the  seed  of  the  Catawba,  by  Sebastian 
Eintz.  In  wood,  leaf,  and  habit,  like  the  Catawba.  Same 
vigorous  growth  as  the  Fox  Graj)e,  the  parent  of  the  Ca- 
tawba. The  skin  is- thick,  pulp  tough,  juice  sweet,  but 
slightly  astringent,  and,  as  in  the  Fox  grape,  not  abun- 
dant. Eij^ens  one  month  before  the  Catawba.  Considered 
Jby  the  Committee  the  best  seedling  from  the  Catawba 
raised  in  this  vicinity ;  but  as  a  wine  grape,  can  not  com- 
pare with  the  Catawba. 


STRAWBERRIES.  283 


S  T I^  .A.'V^B  E  I?,  I^  I  E  S - 

Alice  Maude.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  form,  conical ; 
size,  2;  quality,  2;  color,  dark  crimson. 

Eemarks.— In  some  parts  of  Yirginia  extensively  culti- 
vated. 

Ajax.     Flowers,   staminate;   form,   globular;  size,    2; 
quality,  2  ;  color,  dark  crimson. 
Eemarks. — New. 

British  Queen.    See  Myatt's. 

Eemarks.— Very  large,  and  of  rich  flavor,  but  does  not 

fruit  well  here. 

Blcton  Pine.  Flowers,  staminate;  form,  long  ovate; 
size,  1 ;  quality,  1 ;  color,  white ;  bright  blush  on  cheek. 

Eemarks.— The  blossoms  will  not  produce  as  much  as 
many  kinds.     It  should  be  tested  by  amateurs. 

Bishop's  Orange.  Flowers,  pistillate;  size,  2;  quality, 2; 
color,  light  orange  scarlet. 

Eemarks.— Moderately  prolific.  Fruit  in  clusters.  De- 
sirable in  warm,  deep,  sandy  soils. 

Blach  Prince.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  form,  round  ;  size,  2 ; 
quality,  2 ;  color,  deep  purplish  red. 

Eemarks.— English.  Flesh,  rich,  red,  sweet.  Eequires 
a  rich,  loamy  soil.  Of  high  flavor.  Succeeds  best  North. 
Is  there  of  high  flavor.  Is  variable  in  quality  ;  some  sea- 
sons first-rate.     It  is  hardy  and  prolific. 


284  WESTERN     PRT7IT     BOOK. 

Boston  Pine.  Flowers,  staminate;  form,  roundish,  slightly 
conical ;  size,  2;  quality,  2\  color,  deep,  rich,  shining  red; 
season,  early. 

Eemarks. — American.  Eequires  high  cultivation,  in 
hills  ;  vines,  vigorous  ;  firm,  juicy,  sweet,  with  a  sprightly, 
agreeable  flavor.  Productive.  We  will  here  observe  that 
the  strawberry  is  as  easily  raised  from  seed  as  any  other 
plant,  and  Avith  the  certainty  of  producing  very  good  va- 
rieties. Mr.  Hovey  states  that  the  French  cultivators 
raise  the  Alj^ine  Strawberry  in  this  way,  as  an  annual, 
the  plants  bearing  a  fine  crop  the  first  year.  To  com- 
bine the  greatest  number  of  good  qualities  in  any  fruit 
is  the  great  object  in  the  growth  of  new  kinds  :  the  pos- 
session of  a  portion  of  them  without  the  others  must  fail 
to  give  any  variety  a  high  rank  for  general  cultivation  ; 
therefore  it  is  a  saving  of  both  time  and  money  to  reject 
all  of  those  that  do  not  come  up  very  near  to  this  stan- 
dard. Hovey's  great  seedling  was  a  successful  hit,  and 
has  at  least  combined  a  great  many  most  precious  char- 
acteristics of  what  a  strawberry  should  possess.  The 
Boston  Pine  has  not  by.an}^  means  reached  the  elevation 
of  its  great  predecessor ;  still,  under  certain  circumstances 
of  climate,  soil,  management,  etc.,  it  may  be  pronounced 
a  respectably  good  fruit.  In  the  first  place,  Mr.  Hovey 
says :  "  It  should  receive  good  cultivation  to  have  the 
fruit  in  fine  condition.  If  the  plants  are  allowed  to  run 
together,  the  produce  will  not  be  half  a  crop.  The  soil 
should  be  good,  and  there  should  be  a  space  of  at  least  a 
foot  between  the  rows.  Each  plant  throws  up  from  six 
to  ten  stems,  and  if  the  roots  do  not  find  sufficient  nour- 
ishment, many  of  the  berries  will  not  fill  up  and  attain 
their  proper  size.  Well  grown,  the  plants  are  literally 
covered  with  fruit."  We  have  no  account  of  its  having 
had  any  considerable  success  in  our  Western  soils.  It  is 
ripe  a  week  before  Hovey'a  seedling,  at  the  same  time  as 


STRAW  BERItlES.  285 

the  Old  Scarlet,  or  Early  Virginia,  and  continues  a  long 
time  in  bearing.  There  are  good  qualities  in  any  location 
where  it  may  suit.  Flesh,  pale  scarlet,  fine  grained,  but- 
tery, and  solid,  very  juicy,  sweet,  and  rich,  with  a  brisk, 
high,  and  delicious  flavor. 

British  Queen.     See  Myatt's  British  Queen. 

BURE'S  KEW  PINE.  Flowers,  pistillate,  rather  large 
for  the  sex;  firm,  obovate,  or  round;  size,  2;  quality,  1; 
color,  light  pale  red  ;  season,  very  early. 

Bejmarks. — Origin  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  on  a  clayey  soil, 
in  1846.  Vines,  hardy,  vigorous,  and  productive ;  flesh, 
whitish  pink.  Of  delicate,  aromatic  flavor,  sweet  and  de- 
licious. Too  tender  for  a  market  fruit,  but  highly  de- 
sirable in  a  garden.  Recommended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan, 
Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

Burr's  Seedling.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  form, 
roundish  ovate,  often  conical ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color, 
light  pale  red. 

Remarks. — American.  Vines  vigorous  and  hardy ;  ten- 
der, mild  and  pleasant.  Does  not  bear  carriage  well. 
Valuable  as  a  fertilizer  of  other  kinds. 

Brewer's  Emperor.  Flowers,  staminate ;  form,  oval ; 
size,  2  ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  dark  red. 

Remarks. — English.  Hardy;  said  to  be  productive. 
Not  much  disseminated. 

Brilliant.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite  ;  form,  conical ;  size, 
2 ;  quality,  2  ;  color,  deep  crimson. 

Remarks. — American.  Flavor  good  ;  productive ;  plants 
vigorous.     Described  by  W,  R.  Prince,  in  Horticulturist. 


286  WESTERN    PBUIT    BOOK. 

Caleb  Cope.     Flowers,  pistillate  ;  form,  pointed;  size, 
2  ;  quality,  2  ;  color,  scarlet. 
Eemarks. — American.     Flavor  good.     Prolific. 

Charlotte.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  form,  obovate ;  size, 
2 ;  quality,  2  ;  color,  dark  scarlet. 

Eemarks.  —  American.  Sweet,  sprightly  flavor.  Pro- 
ductive.    Described  by  W.  R.  Prince  in  Horticulturist. 

Cleveland.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  form,  cocks- 
comb to  conical,  irregular;  size,  2;  quality,  2;  color, 
dark  purplish  red  in  sun,  opposite  clear  vermilion. 

Remarks. — American.  Firm;  of  Pineapple  flavor; 
rich  and  delicious. 

Crescent  Seedling. 

Remarks. — From  New  Orleans.  A  perpetual  bearer. 
Requires  testing. 

Climax.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  form,  conical,  a  little 
necked  ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  3  ;  color,  light  scarlet. 

Remarks. — American.     Rather  acid  ;  ver^^  productive. 

Cornucopia.  Flowers,  pistillate  ;  form,  conical ;  quality, 
3 ;  color,  scarlet. 

Remarks. — American.  Productive.  Described  by  "W". 
R.  Prince  in  Horticulturist.  Mr.  Prince  has  flourished 
out  in  too  many  kinds  for  all  to  be  very  valuable. 
It  is  better  to  have  one  really  great,  than  to  have  one 
hundred  merely  passably  good.  Without  this  the  very 
best  names  will  be  lavished  upon  them  almost  in  vain. 
Better  to  have  a  wonderfully  fine  fruit  with  a  plain  name, 
than  one  hundred  only  moderately  good  with  the  most 
high-sounding  titles. 


STRAWBERRIES.  287 

Crimson  Cone.     Flowers,  pistillate ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks.  —  Dutch  berry.  Good  flavor;  a  little  acid. 
Vines  vigorous,  requiring  space ;  productive.  A  great 
New  York  berry.  Its  defects  are  its  second-rate  size, 
and  acid  flavor. 

CiTSHiNG.  Flowers  hermaphrodite;  form,  obtuse  coni- 
cal ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  scarlet. 

Eemarks. — American;  by  Dr.  Brinckle,  Philadelphia. 
Flesh,  fine ;  flavor,  sprightly,  agreeable  ;  productive. 

Duchesse  de  Trevise.  Form,  ovate;  size,  2;  quality,  3; 
color,  deep  red. 

Eemarks. — Not  known  here.  Much  praised  in  England 
and  France.  A  very  different  thing  for  us  here.  They 
describe  it  as  having  a  brisk,  rich  flavor,  and  juicy,  and  a 
good  bearer. 

Duke  of  Kent.  Flowers,  staminate;  form,  roundish, 
conical;  size,  3;  color,  bright  scarlet ;  season,  very  early, 
ripe  1st  June,  or  even  middle  of  May. 

Eemarks. — English.  Sharp,  rather  acid  flavor  ;  vines, 
hardy. 

Duncan's  Seedling.  Size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  dark  rich 
red. 

Eemarks. — English.  New.  Fine  flavor.  Productive. 
Lately  introduced. 

Dundee.  Flowers,  pistillate;  form,  round,  ovate,  very 
uniform ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  light  pale  clear  scar- 
let;  season,  ten  days  after  Willey,  or  Hudson. 

Eemarks. — Scotch.  Firm,  rich  acid,  high  flavor,  very 
productive.  Great  for  market.  Eather  late.  Vines 
very  hardy. 


288  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

Eberlein's  Seedling.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  form, 
conical,  compact;  size,  2;  quality,  2;  color,  dark  scarlet; 
season,  early. 

Remarks. — American.  Yines  vigorous.  Moderately 
productive.     Good.     Slightly  acid. 

Elton.  Flowers,  staminate ;  form,  ovate ;  size,  2 ; 
quality,  nearl}^  1 ;  color,  light  red ;  season,  very  late,  and 
valuable  only  on  that  account. 

Eemarks. — English.  JRather  too  acid.  Of  good  size, 
but  rather  shy  in  bearing.     Rather  tender. 

EXTRA  RED.     See  McAvov's  Extra  Red. 

GENESSEE.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  form,  round  ; 
quality,  1 ;  size,  1  ;  color,  dark  crimson ;  season,  a  little 
late. 

Remarks. — American.  Very  j^roductive.  Of  very  fine 
rich,  very  sweet  flavor.  A  delightful,  and  very  desi- 
rable sort. 

Green  Sirawterry .     Form,  round  ;  size,  3. 
Remarks. — Only  curious. 

Hautboy.     See  Prolific  Hautboy. 

HOYEY'S  SEEDLING.  Flowers,  pistillate,  small; 
form,  roundish  ovate,  a  little  conical,  with  a  short  neck, 
never  cockscomb-shaped  even  in  the  largest  berries  ;  size, 
1  (very  large,  commonly  three  to  four  inches  in  circum- 
ference); quality,  1 ;  color,  dark  rich  shining  red,  paler 
when  grown  in  the  shade ;  seeds,  dark,  and  imbedded  in 
a  small  cavity;  flesh,  scarlet,  firm,  nearly  solid,  abound- 
ing with  a  most  agreeable  acid,  and  exceedingly  delicious 
and  high-flavored  juice  (Burr's  New  Pine,  and  McAvoy's 


STRAWBERRIES.  28l> 

'  upcrior,  only,  surpassing  it  in  ricJinobs);  seanon,  May; 
ripe,  about  a  week  after  tiie  Boston  Pine,  and  continues 
in  perfection  during  the  whole  strawberry  season. 

Kemarks. — American.  Originated  in  1834.  Vines, 
very  vigorous,  more  so  than  most  other  varieties,  per- 
fectly hard}^,  forming  numerous  runners,  though  seldom 
too  many ;  leaves,  large;  leaflets,  roundish,  generally  con- 
vex, obtusel}'  serrated  with  about  twenty  serratures  ;  sur- 
face, rather  smooth,  deep  brilliant  glossy  green,  and  rarely 
ever  spotted  with  brown ;  petioles,  short ;  leaf-stalks, 
upright,  medium  length,  moderately  strong;  flowers, 
rather  small,  very  regular  in  form ;  petals,  roundish, 
slightly  imbricated  and  cupped ;  stamens,  very  short  and 
imperfect,  deficient  in  anthers ;  calyx,  very  small,  finely 
divided,  and  quite  reflexed  ;  scapes,  moderately  strong, 
about  the  same  length  as  the  leaf-stalks,  elevating  the 
fruit  from  the  ground ;  peduncles,  rather  long  and  slender. 
Every  flower,  when  properly  fertilized,  is  succeeded  bj^  a 
perfect  berry.  Flesh,  firm,  bears  carrying  remarkably 
well,  of  a  very  agreeable,  sweet,  lively  flavor.  Best  in  rich 
loam,  and  wood  soils  ;  impregnated  with  the  Old  Hudson 
male,  yields  immense  crops.  Not  so  good  on  sandy  soils. 
In  clay  much  better.  Good  for  both  market  and  amateur 
cultivation.  Berries,  very  large.  Sometimes,  in  the  West, 
even  eight  inches  in  circumference.  Suited  to  nearly  all 
soils  and  climates.  Stands  drouth  wonderfulhr  well. 
Hardy  also  in  "Winter.  This  berry  should  be  well  ripened 
to  be  eaten  in  perfection.  Recommended  by  Messrs. 
Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cinciii- 
nati.  In  speaking  of  this  fine  strawberr}',  it  may  be  ^^'cH 
to  observe,  that  Mr.  Keen,  of  Isleworth,  near  London, 
about  the  year  1820,  made  the  first  really  great  improve- 
ment in  this  delicious  fruit,  in  the  production  oi*  the 
variety  so  well  known  as  Keen's  Seedling.  A  few  years 
ago  Mr.  Myatt,  of  Deptford,  near  LoJidon,  succeeded  in 
25 


290  WESTERN    FRUIT     BOOK. 

raising  some  varieties,  as  the  British  Queen,  and  others, 
which  have  done  Avonders  in  England,  but  in  our  climate, 
our  American  seedlings  have  completely  surpassed  them. 
Mr.  Hovey  raised  his  seedlings  from  the  seeds  of  Keen's 
Seedling,  and  some  others,  all  English. 

Hooper's   Seedling.     Flowers,  staminate ;  form,  coni- 
cal ;  size,  2 ;  color,  dark  rich  red ;  quality,  2 ;  season,  late. 
Remarks. — Of  good  flavor,  and  productive. 

HUDSON,  or  Hudson  s  Bay^  Laic  Scarlet,  American  Scar- 
let. Flowers,  pistillate;  form,  ovate,  often  with  neck; 
size,  2  to  1 ;  color,  rich  dark,  glossy  red ;  season.  May  to 
June. 

Eemarks. — Most  extensively  cultivated,  j^articularly 
round  Cincinnati.  Hardy,  and  rather  late.  Fine  and 
rich,  but  of  rather  acid  flavoi\.  Excellent  for  preserving 
and  for  market ;  firm  in  carriage.  In  the  new,  freSh 
wood  soils  in  this  neighborhood  it  produces  great  cro2:)8 
and  large  fruit ;  not,  however,  quite  so  sure  a  crop  as  the 
Hovey;  yet  not  much  difference.  Should  hang  until  fully 
ripe.  Becommended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati. 

IOWA  MALE,  or  Washington.  Flowers,  staminate ; 
form,  roundish  conical ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  1  to  2 ;  color, 
pale  red;  season,  quite  early,  before  the  Hovey  and  Hud- 
son, etc. 

Remarks. — American.  Delicate  and  good,  and  peculiar 
in  flavor.  A  good  imjjregnator.  Immense  crops  of  this 
most  productive  fruit  are  raised  by  the  field  cultivators  in 
Kentucky,  back  of  Newport,  and  are  brought  to  Cin- 
cinnati market.     Most  valuable  for  its  earliness. 

Jenny's     Seedling.     Flowers,    pistillate ;    form,   very 


STRAWBERRIES,  291 

regular,  roundish  conical ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  2 ;  color, 
rich  glossy  dark  red  ;  season,  one  week  after  Longworth's 
Prolific.     Eather  late. 

Eemarks.  —  Firm  texture;  desirable  for  preserving. 
Good  for  general  cultivation ;  vines  very  hardy.  Yery 
productive ;  3,200  gathered  from  less  than  three-fourths 
of  an  acre.  Rich,  sub-acid,  delicious;  almost  never  fail- 
ing a  crop.  Eecommended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  Warder,  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati. 

Jenny  Lind.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  form,  conical,  perfect, 
often  short  neck  ;  size,  2  to  1 ;  quality,  2  to  1 ;  color,  bright 
light  scarlet. 

Eemarks. — Eather  solid,  heavy;  tender  and  juicy;  fla- 
vor, pleasant,  sub-acid,  and  sometimes  highly  perfumed. 

Keen's  Seedling.  From  Indiana.  Flowers,  pistillate; 
form,  round ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  light  crimson ; 
season,  medium. 

Eemarks. — At  A.  H.  Ernst's.  Greatly  productive.  A 
great  market  fruit ;  very  uniform  in  shape.  Eather  acid, 
but  of  pleasant  flavor. 

LAEGE  EAELY  SCAELET.  Flowers,  hermaphro- 
dite ;  form,  roundish  ovate ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color, 
bright  scarlet;  season,  very  early. 

Eemarks.  —  Good  impregnator  of  pistillates.  Eich, 
slightly  acid.    Good  market  berry,  on  account  of  earliness. 

Large  White  Bicton  Pine.     See  Bicton  Pine. 

La  Grange.     See  Prolific  Hautboy. 

LONGWOETH'S  PEOLIFIC,  or  Schneicke's  Seedling. 
Flowers,  hermaphrodite ;  regular  roundish,  or  obovate ; 


292  WESTERN     FRUIT      BOOK. 

size,  1;  quality,  1 ;  color,  rich  dark  crimson;  season,  me- 
dium, with  the  Hudson. 

Eemarks. — Cincinnati,  1848.  At  the  Garden  of  Eden, 
by  Schneicke.  For  market  culture  likely  to  be  valuable. 
It  is  immensely  productive,  and  its  own  impregnator. 
More  firm  than  McAvoy's  Superior,  and  equally  large, 
but  not  so  rich  and  good  in  flavor.  Sub-acid.  Eecom- 
mended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and  Warder  for  the 
locality  of  Cincinnati. 

McAYOY'S  SUPEEIOE.  Flowers,  pistillate;  form, 
varying,  irregular,  roundish,  conical,  sometimes  a  little 
necked;  size,  1  ;  quality,  1  ;  color,  rich,  dark,  glossy  crim- 
son ;  season,  medium. 

Eemarks. — Originated  at  Cincinnati,  in  1848,  on  loamy 
soil.  Eeceived  prize  of  $100  from  Cincinnati  Horticultu- 
ral Societ}^,  in  1851.  Tender,  juicy,  rich,  with  fine,  high 
flavor.  Too  tender  for  long  distances  to  market.  Desira- 
ble for  private  gardens^  and  markets  near  town.  Eequires 
very  strong  and  numerous  fertilization — nearly  plant  for 
plant.  Too  tender  and  delicate  in  texture  to  keep  and 
preserve  its  flavor  so  long  as  many  kinds.  It  is  not  con- 
sidered equal  to  Burr's  New  Pine  in  flavor,  but  as  fine  as 
any  other. 

Methven  Scarlet.  Flower,  Pistillate ;  form,  round, 
coxcomb ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  dull  sca.rlet ;  season, 
four  or  five  days  after  general  strawberry  season. 

Eemarks. — Scotch.  Strong  grower.  Sometimes  pro- 
duces large  crops. 

McAYOY'S  JSTo.  1,  or  Extra  Red.  Flowers,  pistillate ; 
form,  round,  uniform;  size,  1 ;  quality,  1  ;  color,  scarlet. 

Eemarks. — Originated  in  Cincinnati,  in  1848.  Flavor 
agreeable,  rather  acid.     Immensely  productive.     Likely 


MiddUtOTi..  milxcf^  *  C?  OJu  O. 


Nataral  Size. 


STRAWBERRIES.  293 

to  become  a  good  market  fruit.  Has  not  a  very  high  fla- 
vor. Eecommended  by  Messrs.  Buchanan,  Ernst,  and 
Warder,  for  the  locality  of  Cincinnati.     Vastly  hardy, 

Peabody's  I^ew  Seedling.  Flowers,  hermaphrodite ; 
color,  rich,  deep  crimson  ;  form,  irregular,  and  somewhat 
compressed  ;  beautiful,  attached  to  the  calyx  by  a  polished 
coral-like  neck  without  seeds  ;  size,  1  (of  the  largest,  mea- 
suring six  and  seven  inches  in  circumference)  ;  use,  table  ; 
quality  (not  yet  known  here)  ;  flavor  and  flesh,  firm,  melt- 
ing, and  juicy;  season  (unknown  here). 

Eemarks. — It  is  said  by  the  proprietor  and  originator 
that  the  fruit  is  borne  on  tall  foot-stalks,  is  of  the  most 
exquisite  fine  flavor,  and  bears  transportation  better  than 
any  strawberry  ever  yet  cultivated.  He  further  states 
that  as  a  proof  of  the  keeping  qualities  of  this  new  straw- 
berry, on  the  morning  of  the  9th  of  May,  he  packed  a 
case  of  the  berries,  took  them  to  Columbus,  six  miles,  in 
his  buggy,  sent  them  from  Columbus  to  Savannah,  300 
miles,  by  railroad,  and  from  Savannah  to  New  York,  900 
miles,  by  steamer,  to  Messrs.  Thorburn  &  Co.  Mr.  Thor- 
burn  stated  that  they  came  to  hand  on  Tuesday,  sound 
and  in  very  good  condition,  retaining  an  unusually  strong 
strawberry  aroma.  They  observed  that  their  dark  color 
gives  them  a  richer  look,  approximating  to  the  English 
Hautbois,  grown  at  New  York.  They  added  that  the 
berries  had  wilted  down  only  a  very  little  up  to  that  time, 
Eriday  morning,  16th  May.  This  new  seedling  has  been 
produced  by  crossing  the  Eoss  Phoenix  with  a  wild  straw- 
berry of  Alabama.  Being  hermaphrodite,  it  requires,  of 
course,  no  impregnation,  and  is  said  to  be  a  capital  im- 
pregnator  for  pistillate  varieties ;  a  hardy,  vigorous 
grower,  withstanding  both  cold  and  heat  without  injury. 
In  good  soil,  the  vine  is  said  to  grow  to  an  enormous  size ; 
single  plants  can  not  be  covered  by  a  half-bushel  measure. 


294  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

The  berry  has  few  seeds.  It  requires  no  sugar  for  the 
dessert,  rivaling  the  far-famed  Burr's  New  Pine.  Prolific, 
opening  its  blossoms  during  the  mild  days  of  Winter,  and 
perfecting  its  fruit  as  soon  in  the  Spring  as  the  weather 
will  permit.  (This  description  applies  to  Georgia.)  The 
plant  is  reported  very  beautiful  w^ien  it  is  in  flower  and 
leaf.  If  it  should  not  succeed  here  as  well  as  in  Georgia, 
or  not  at  all,  it  may  be  valuable  to  cross  others  with.  It 
has  been  thought  by  some  by  its  standing  the  great  jolt- 
ing of  so  long  a  journey,  that  it  may  be  too  Jinn  to  eat 
well.  But  this,  of  course,  is  merely  conjecturing  about 
it.  So,  also,  although  this  strawberry  is  of  the  Hautbois 
and  Pine  family,  and  they  have  hitherto  been  of  a  kind 
not  to  succeed  well  in  this  country,  and,  therefore,  very 
few  of  them  are  sold,  in  comparison  with  other  strawber- 
ries, it  does  not  follow  that  the  Peabody  seedling  may  fail 
also  in  this  respect : — this  also  by  way  of  suggestion. 

Monroe  Scarlet.  Flowers,  pistillate  ;  form,  roundish, 
short  neck  ;  size,  2  ;  qualit}',  1 ;  color,  light  scarlet. 

Eemarks. — American.  Yery  prolific.  (Ellwanger  & 
Barry,  1850).  Surpassing  most  others  in  productiveness. 
It  is  a  hybrid  of  Hovey's  Seedling  and  the  Duke  of  Kent. 
Fruit  beautiful  and  good  for  market  use,  and  a  long  bearer. 
Does  well  partially  shaded. 

MoYAMENSiNG.  Flowers,  pistillate  ;  form,  roundish  con- 
ical ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  deep  crimson. 

Eemarks. — American  origin.  Flesh,  red  ;  flavor,  fine. 
It  bore  off  the  premium  of  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultu- 
ral Society,  in  1848,  for  the  best  seedling  strawberry  ex- 
hibited that  year.     Good  as  a  market  fruit. 

Myatt's  British  Queen.  Flowers  staminate  ;  form, 
roundish  ;  size,  1 ;  quality,  3  ;  color,  scarlet. 


STRAWBERRIES.  295 

Remarks. — Eaised  by  Mr.  Myatt,  Debtford,  near  Lon- 
don. Valuable  in  England,  but  in  our  climate  infinitely 
inferior  to  our  own  seedlings.  Flavor,  rich.  A  poor 
bearer. 

NECKED  PINE.  Flowers,  pistillate;  form,  conical, 
always  with  neck;  size,  2  to  3 ;  quality,  1;  color,  light 
scarlet ;  season,  medium. 

Eemarks. — American.  A  little  acid,  pleasant  when 
fully  ripe.  Onl}^  suited  to  private  gardens,  being  tender 
but  very  productive.  Eecommended  by  Buchanan,  Ernst, 
and  \Yarder,  for  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati, 

No.  1,  or  McAVOY'S  EXTEA  EED.  See  McAvoy's 
Bxtra  Eed,  or  No.  1.     Stands  drought  and  frost  very  well. 

Pennsylvania.  Flowers,  pistillate  ;  form,  broadly  con- 
ical ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2  ;  color,  dark  crimson; 

Remarks. — American.  "  Flavor  fine." — Trans.  Pennsyl- 
vania Horticuhural  Society. 

Prolific  Hautboy,  or  La  Grange.  Form,  round  coni- 
cal ;  size,  2;  quality,  2;  color,  dark  purplish  red. 

Eemarks.  — The  only  high  wood  class  worth  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  musky  in  flavor. 

Red  Alpine.  Flowers,  perfect ;  form,  conical ;  size,  3  ; 
quality,  3  ;  color,  bright  scarlet. 

Eemarks. — Of  a  delicate  and  peculiar  flavor.  It  ripens 
gradually  a  long  time — its  chief  value.  The  White  Alpine 
varies  only  in  color  from  it.  Destroy  early  blossoms,  and 
a  full  crop  may  be  had. 

EivAL  Hudson.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  size,  2 ;  quality, 
2  ;  color,  bright  scarlet. 


296  WESTERN.   FRUIT     BOOK. 

Remarks. — Flesh,  red,  firm,  sub-acid.  Yery  produc- 
tive. Much  like  Hudson,  or  Hudson  Bay,  its  parent. 
Originated  the  same  time  as  Burr's  Xew  Pine. 

Eoss  Ph(ENIx.  Flowers,  staminate  ;  form,  round,  conical ; 
size,  2  ;  quality,  2  to  3 ;  color,  dark  red. 

Eemarks. — American.  Generally  a  poor  bearer.  Firm, 
and  of  good  flavor. 

Rahy.     Form,  ovate  ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  2  ;  color,  ruby  red. 
Remarks. — English.     Good  flavor ;  prolific. 

Soutliburougli.  Flowers,  jDistillate  ;  form,  ovate,  conical; 
size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  rich  deep  scarlet ;  season,  early. 

Remarks. — A  good  mate  to  the  Early  Scarlet.  Fruits 
at  same  time.     Vines  hardy. 

Swainstone  Seedling,  Flowers,  staminate )  form,  ovate ; 
size,  2 ;  quality,  2 ;  color,  light  crimson. 

Remarks. — Ripens  a  longtime,  but  an  uncertain  bearer. 

Walker's  Seedling.  Flowers,  staminate ;  form,  round- 
ish conical ;  size,  2  ;  quality,  1  ;  color,  veiy  dark  crimson ; 
season,  medium. 

Remarks. — Worthy  of  attention.  Yery  hardy.  Amer- 
ican. Of  sprightly,  rich  flavor.  Prolific  for  a  staminate. 
A  great  bearer.     Described  by  Col.  Wilder  in  Horticulturist. 

Western  Queen.  Flowers,  pistillate ;  form,  regular, 
round  conical;  size,  2  to  1  ;  quality,  2;  color,  rich,  dark, 
glossy  red  ;  season,  medium. 

Remarks. — Origin,  Cleveland  ;  by  Professor  Kirtland, 
in  1849.  Firm,  juicy,  sub-acid,  sprightly,  and  of  agreea- 
ble flavor.  Bears  carriage  well ;  considered  by  many  bet- 
ter than  the  Hudson. 


BASPB£RRI£S.  297 


DEi^A^S  I>BE  Itl^I  E  S. 

Allen. 

Eemarks. — A  native  variety  ;  extensively  raised  at 
Black  Eock,  New  York;  equal  to  most  foreign  kinds  in 
use.  It  is  a  reddish  black.  It  is  indispensable  with  the 
Black  Cap  and  Ohio  Everbearing  in  any  collection. 

ANTWEEP  EED.     Color,  red,  dull;  quality,  1. 

Eemarks.— Earely  found  true.  West.  It  is  a  Dutch  sort. 
It  is  regularly  long-conical.  A  rich,  sweet  flavor.  Canes 
moderately  strong,  yellowish  green,  becoming  pale  brown 
early  in  Autumn — nearly  smooth  in  the  upper  portions. 
Eipens  from  June  to  July.  It  requires  protection  in  Win- 
ter, by  forking  the  canes  down  and  covering  with  earth 
or  litter.  Though  the  American  kinds  require  less  trouble 
in  protection  in  AYinter,  etc.,  yet  they  do  not  much  dimin- 
ish the  value  of  the  foreign  kinds,  as  they  ripen  at  differ- 
ent periods.  ]N"ear  large  cities  this  berry  is  among  the 
best,  as  it  always  yields  fair  crops. 

ANTWEEP  YELLOW.     Color,  yellow;  quality,  1. 

Eemarks.  —  Suited  to  small  gardens.  It  sometimes 
throws  up  a  succession  of  shoots,  maturing  fruit  for  a  long 
time.  Shoots,  strong,  light  yellow,  with  greenish  spines. 
Eequires  protection  in  Winter.  The  Antwerps  do  not 
suit  the  Southern  States.  The  fruit  is  rather  long  in 
shape,  very  tender,  rich  and  delicate.  All  the  Antwerps, 
to  produce  good  crops,  need  to  be  covered  in  AYinter.  It 
is  a  great  trouble  and  expense.  Probably  some  of  the 
native  kinds,  with  common  Black  Cap,  if  improved  by 
better  cultivation,  would  be  found  the  best  suited  to  our 


298  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

wants.  They,  at  present  at  least,  sell  well  in  market.  The 
Antwerps  require  to  be  picked  every  day,  while  the  Black 
Cap  remains  on  longer,  and,  therefore,  can  be  more  easily 
gathered,  as  it  is  much  more  firm 

American  Eed.     Color,  red ;  quality,  3. 

Eemarks. — Yery  common.  Shoots,  upright,  light  brown. 
Fruit,  medium,  roundish,  light  red,  sub-acid  and  tender. 
Early — in  June  and  July.     Grows  wild  in  some  places. 

American  "White.     Color,  white  ;  quality,  3. 
Eemarks. — Like  the  above.     More  firm  than  the  Eed. 
Very  sweet,  but  of  little  flavor. 

AMEEICAN  black,  Thimble  Berry,  or  Black  Cap. 
Color,  black  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Grows  wild.  It  increases  much  in  size  in  a 
rich  garden  soil ;  and,  ripening  late,  is  profitable  for  mar- 
ket. It  is  liked  for  jam,  puddings,  etc.  It  is  a  firm  berry. 
Shoots,  long,  rambling,  recurved  ;  berries,  dark  purple, 
nearly  black,  round,  flattened.  It  will  yield  large  crops, 
and  will  probably  give  as  much  satisfaction  as  any  other 
kind,  perhaps  more.  It  is  very  hardy.  The  foreign 
kinds  are  rather  too  tender  and  unproductive,  but  richer. 

Bannet.     Color,  red  ,  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — English.  Shoots,  long,  yellowish  green, 
branching;  fruit,  large,  soft,  roundish  conical,  purplish 
red ;   agreeable. 

BLACK  EASPBEEEY.     See  American  Black. 

Brentford  Cane.     Color,  dull  red  ;  quality,  3. 
Eemarks. — English.     Shoots,  strong,  branching ;  fruit, 
medium,  oval,  conical.     Inferior. 


RASPBERRIES.  299 

Cope.     Color,  crimson  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — A  seedling  of  Dr.  Brinckle's.  Not  much 
disseminated.  Foliage,  light  green;  fruit,  large,  conical, 
crimson ;  spines,  red. 

COLOISrEL  WILDEE.     Color,  cream;  qualit}-,  1. 

Eemarks. — Dr.  Brinckle's  seedling;  which  is  hardy, 
firm,  light  colored,  and  good  for  market.  Shoots,  strong, 
light  colored,  and  very  hardy ;  fruit,  above  medium, 
roundish  conical,  light  cream  color,  a  sprightly,  fine  fla- 
vor. Productive,  and  ripening  its  fruit  in  succession, 
early  to  late  in  season.     Eaised  from  seed  of  the  Fastolf. 

CusHiNG.     Color,  cream  ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Eaised  by  Dr.  Brinckle  from  seed  of  the 
Double-bearing.  Not  much  known,  but  deserving  atten- 
tion of  amateurs.  Shoots,  strong,  vigorous  ;  prickles, 
brown  ;  leaf,  plaited,  regular,  firm.  Fruit,  large,  round- 
ish conical,  crimson,  and  of  fine  flavor.  Matures  early  ; 
said  to  produce  sometimes,  when  the  season  is  wet,  a 
second  crop  in  Autumn. 

Cornwall's  Eed.     See  Bannet. 

Cooc's  Honey.     Color,  yellowish  white  ;  quality,  3. 
Eemarks. — English.     Fruit,  medium,  borne  in  clusters 
alonir  the  stems. 


•to 


Common  Eed.     See  American  Eed. 

COMMON  BLACK  CUP.     See  American  Black. 

Creton  Red.     Color,  red ;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — From  the  Mediterranean.     Shoots,  upright, 
hardy.     Fruit,  medium,  round,  deep  red,  acid.     Late. 


300  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

Double-Bearing  (^Late  Cane).     Color,  red;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — Yariety  of  the  Antwerp.  Large,  dull  red, 
hardy.  Eipens  late.  Perpetual  bearing  (which  means 
late  in  the  Autumn,  as  well  as  in  the  Summer). 

Emily.     Color,  light  yellow;  quality,  2. 

Eemarks. — From  Col.  Wilder.  Little  disseminated ; 
vigorous  growth,  with  white  spines.  Fruit,  large,  round, 
occasionally  shouldered  ;  light  yellow. 

EYEE-BEAEraG  OHIO.  Color,  blackish  purple  ;  qual- 
ity, 2. 

Eemarks. — A  valuable,  very  hardy,  early  berry,  for 
amateurs.  Produces  a  good  crop  from  the  shoots  of  the 
same  year  in  the  Fall,  if  the  weather  is  moist  and  favor- 
able. Carries  well  to  market — a  rich,  pleasant  berry. 
The  ends  of  the  shoots  can  be  easily  made  to  take  root  by 
inserting  them  in  the  ground.  Native  of  the  northern 
part  of  Ohio.  Cultivated  at  the  Quakers'  Settlement. 
Introduced  in  Cincinnati  by  JST.  Longworth.  A  valuable 
addition  to  a  collection. 

French.     Color,  cream  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks.  —  From    Dr.   Brinckle.     From   the   Fastolf. 
Fruit,  large,  round,  crimson,  matures  late ;  spines,  red. 

Fulton.  From  French  seed.  Fruit,  large,  round,  crim- 
son ;  productive,  and  vigorous  grower ;  spines,  red. 

FASTOLF.     Color,  bright  purplish  red. 

Eemarks. — English.  Worthy  of  praise  ;  though,  like 
the  Antwerp  and  some  others,  tender,  and  requiring  pro- 
tection in  Winter.  Less  tender  than  the  E.  Antwerp. 
Shoots,  strong,  and  much  inclined  to  branch  ;  light  yel- 
lowish  brown.     Fruit,   large,   roundish,   obtuse   conical, 


RASTBERRIES.  301 

soft,  rich,  high  flavored,  productive ;  ripening  its  fruit  in 
long  continued  succession. 

FEA]SrCO:N"IA.     Color,  dark  rich  red. 

Remarks. — From  France.  Its  canes  are  nearly  hardy, 
but  in  most  Winters  require  protection,  maturing  good 
crops.  Shoots,  strong,  branching,  yellowish  brown,  with 
scattered,  rather  stout  bristles.  Leaves,  rather  narrow. 
Fruit,  large,  obtuse  conical,  dark  rich  red,  rather  acid 
flavor;  more  firm  than  Fastolf,  and  not  so  much  as  R. 
Antwerp.    A  few  days  later  than  the  latter  in  ripening. 

Gen.  Patterson.     Color,  crimson  ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — From  Col. Wilder.  Vigorous  grower.  Spines 
red.     Fruit,  large,  round,  crimson. 

KNEYET'S  GIANT.     Color,  deep  red. 

Remarks. — A  good  English  fruit,  very  early.  Canes 
very  strong,  and  nearly  hardy.  Fruit  very  large,  conical, 
of  excellent  flavor. 

MONTHLY  (^Large  Fruited  Monthly,  etc.).  Color,  red; 
quality,  2. 

Remarks. — Excellent  and  productive;  requiring  a 
peculiar  system  of  culture,  like  most  others  of  this  kind, 
to  produce  fruit  in  succession.  Shoots,  long,  slender, 
purplish  in  the  sun,  thickly  covered  with  dark  purple 
spines.  Fruit,  hardly  above  medium,  line  flavor.  To 
produce  an  Autumn  crop,  prune  the  canes  in  the  Spring 
to  within  a  foot  of  the  ground. 

Mrs.  Yf  ilder.     Color,  cream  ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — Seedling  of  Col.  Wilder.     Nearly  resembles 
the  Col.  YHlder. 


302  WESTERN    FEUIT    BOOK. 

Nottingham  Scarlet.     Color,  scarlet ;  quality,  2. 
Kemarks. — English.     Fruit,  medium ;  obtuse  conical. 

Orange.     Color,  brown  orange ;  quality,  1 
Eemarks. — From  Dr.  Brinckle,  in  1844.     IN'early  hardy, 
and  rather  late.    Good  for  market.    Shoots,  vigorous,  with 
white  spines  ;  leaf,  irregular.     Fruit,  large,  ovate,  and  of 
excellent  flavor.     Productive. 

OHIO.     See  Ever -bearing. 

Victoria.     Color,  red  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — Medium,  roundish  conical. 

Walker.     Color,  deep  crimson  ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks.  —  From  Dr.  Brinckle.  Promises  well  for 
market.  Fruit,  large,  round,  solid  ;  adheres  firmly  to  the 
stem,  keeps  long  in  perfection  on  the  plant,  and  bears 
carriage  well ;  spines,  red. 

WHITE  THIMBLE  BEEEY.  Color,  whitish  yellow; 
quality,  2.     Very  like  the  American  Eed,  except  in  color. 

Woodward's  Red  Glohe.     Color,  red  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — English.     Large  red,  roundish  conical. 

Wilmot's  Early  Eed.     Color,  red  ;  quality,  2. 
Eemarks. — English.     Small,  roundish,  red.     Early. 


BLACKBERRIES CURRANTS.  303 


B  I^  ^A.  O  K:  B  E IR I^  I E  S  . 
High  Bush. 

Low  Bush. 

LAWTON,  or  New  Rochelle.     Color,  black  ;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — Very  large,  a  great  bearer,  pulpy  and  deli- 
cious flavor.  It  loves  a  cool,  moist,  shady  soil,  is  easily 
cultivated,  and  is  everywhere  becoming  a  universal  favor- 
ite. Adopted  by  the  Congress  of  Fruit  Growers.  The 
"  New  Eochelle  Blackberry ''  sends  up,  annually,  large 
and  vigorous,  upright  shoots,  with  lateral  branches,  all 
of  which,  under  common  cultivation,  will  be  crowded 
with  fine  fruit;  a  portion  ripens  daily,  in  most  seasons, 
for  six  weeks,  commencing  about  the  first  of  Jul}^.  They 
are  perfectly  hardy,  always  thrifty  and  productive,  and 
have  not  been  found  liable  to  blight,  or  injury  by  insects. 
To  produce  berries  of  the  very  largest,  they  should  have 
a  heavy,  damp  soil,  and  shade.  This  will  be  a  good 
starting  point  for  seedlings.  It  is  a  most  valuable  im- 
provement in  this  fruit. 


OTJs.:R.A.3sra:s- 

American  Black. 

Remarks. — Not  very  productive — better  shaded.  We 
will  here  observe,  that  this  valuable  variety  is  seldom  cul- 
tivated as  it  should  be — that  it  bears  transportation  to 
market,  without  injury,  that  it  grows  well  in  all  soils,  and 
under  almost  any  mode  of  culture ;  that  with  extra  atten- 
tion, and  manure,  the  Common  White  and  Red  Dutch, 
yield  fine  crops. 


304  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

BLACK   NAPLES.     Color,  black  ;  qiialitj,  1. 

Remarks. — The  largest  fruited,  and  most  productive  of 
the  black  currants.  Hardy  in  all  sections  of  the  United 
States,  but  in  the  South  not  productive.  Eequires  shade, 
and  a  rich  soil.     Burns  up  in  a  very  sunny  exposure. 

Black  English.     Color,  black  ;  quality.  3. 
Remarks. — i^ot  productive  here — bunches  too  short. 

BLACK   GRAPE.     Color,  black  ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — Better  than   the   above.     Makes   excellent 
wine,  and  good  for  medicinal  purposes. 

Champagne.     Color,  pale  red  ;  quality,  3.     Yery  acid. 

CHERRY.     Color,  red. 

Remarks. — Yery  high  flavor.     Not  very  productive. 

Gondouin.     Color,  red;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — From  France.  Strong  growth,  large,  ma- 
tures late;  should  be  further  tested,  but  not  largely 
planted.  The  Middle  States  do  not  seem  to  suit  the  newer 
kinds  of  currants — the  Old  Red,  and  White  Dutch  appear- 
ing to  do  best,  and  bearing  immense  crops,  properly  cul- 
tivated, with  a  very  deep  soil,  rich,  rather  shaded,  and 
grown  in  the  bush  form,  which  is  the  most  natural  and 
successful  —  not  the  tree  style.  They  should  be  well  and 
properly  pruned. 

COMMON   RED,  AND  WHITE.     Quality,  1. 
Remarks. — Supposed,  by  some,  to  be  the  same  as  the 
Old  Red  Dutch.     Yery  valuable. 

Knight's  Sweet  Red.     Color,  light  red  ;  quality,!. 
Remarks. — Yarying  from  Red  Dutch,  only  in  the  fruit 


CURRANTS.  305 

being  less  deeply  colored,  and  slightly  less  acid ;  resem- 
bling more  the  White  Dutch. 

Knight's  Early  Eed.     Color,  red ;  quality,  3. 
Remarks. — Not  very  early,  as  represented  to  be. 

Missouri. 

Remarks. — Only  ornamental.  Yery  early,  and  blos- 
soms very  fragrant  in  Spring. 

RED   DUTCH.     Color,  red  ;  quality,!. 

Remarks. — Not  distinct  from  the  variety  usually  grown 
in  most  old  gardens.  About  the  very  best  sort  to  culti- 
vate in  the  Middle  States,  and  in  our  vicinity  (Cincinnati). 

Striped  Fruited.     Only  as  a  curiosity. 

YICTORIA,  Goliath,  etc     Color,  red ;  quality,  2. 

Remarks. — Bunches,  long,  somewhat  larger  than  Red 
Dutch,  and  slightly  more  acid;  ripens  later,  and  hangs  a 
long  time.  Plants  vigorous,  of  a  spreading  habit.  Its 
very  large  bunches  make  it  desirable  for  market  culture. 
It  requires  more  trial  in  the  vicinit}'  of  Cincinnati.  Its 
lateness  in  ripening  makes  it  more  valuable. 

WHITE   DUTCH.     Color,  white ;  quality,!. 

Remarks. — Differing  only  from  the  quality  of  the  Red 
Dutch,  in  being  of  a  yellowish  white,  and  less  acid,  more 
delicate  in  flavor,  and  therefore  preferred  for  table  use. 
Not  quite  so  hardy  as  the  Red  Dutch  ;  rather  more  deli- 
cate in  flavor,  less  acid,  and  the  berries  generally  larger. 
Currants  are  better,  in  this  climate,  for  a  little  shade. 

White  Pearl.     Color,  pearl ;  quality,  2. 
Remarks. — A  new  variety.     Bunches  very  large. 
2G 


306  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK. 

WHITE   G-RAPE. 

Eemarks. — Larger  than  the  White  Dutch.  Yery  pro- 
ductive, large,  and  fine  flavored.  Makes  a  superior  wine, 
and  when  two  or  three  years  old  it  was  as  good  to  most 
palates,  as  any  Port  wine. 

Palnau. 

Eemarks. — French.      Early ;    productive.      Not  suffi 
ciently  tested. 


g-oosebe:r,i^ies- 

Bright  Yenus.  Color,  whitish  green  ;  surface,  hair}^ ; 
form,  obovate  ;  size,  2. 

Eemarks. — Flavor,  best.     Hangs  a  long  time. 

Bunker  Hill.  Color,  yellow  ;  surface,  smooth  ;  form, 
roundish ;  size,  1. 

Eemarks. — Branches,  spreading  ;  flavor,  very  good. 

CEOWN  BOB.  Color,  red  ;  surface,  hairy  ;  form,  ob- 
long ;  size,  1;  qualit}",  1. 

Eemarks. — Branches,  spreading  ;  early  ;  flavor,  best. 
This  is  little  liable  to  mildew.  If  is  thought  a  good  plan 
to  plant  them  on  the  north  side  of  a  board  fence. 

EAELY  SULPHUE.  Color,  yellow;  surface,  hairy; 
form,  roundish  ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  1. 

Eemark.s. — Branches,  erect ;  flavor,  best;  ripens  very 
early.  Nearly  all  the  English  gooseberries  mildew.  They 
ought  to  have  li  cool  soil.  That  is  the  reason  why  they 
grow  so  well  in  England.  They  succeed  near  Chicagj 
for  the  same  reason  ;  some  people  near  that  city  have  no 
difficulty  with  them. 


GOOSEBERRIES.  307 

HOUGHTON'S  SEEDLING.  Color,  light  yellow  j 
surface,  smooth  ;  form,  nearly  round  ;  size,  2  to  3  ;  quality, 
1  to  2. 

Remarks. — The  most  hardy,  productive,  and  free  from 
mildew,  in  the  country.  Fruit,  rather  small.  Ameri- 
can. Suited  best  for  cooking.  This  fruit  is  much  more 
apt  to  be  free  from  mildew,  when  grown  in  the  shade,  than 
in  the  sun,  as  the  experience  of  some  has  demonstrated. 
The  only  gooseberry  upon  which  we  can  entirely  depend. 

lEONMONGER.  Color,  red;  surface,  hairy;  form, 
roundish;  size,  3;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — Branches,  spreading ;  flavor,  very  good. 
Productive. 

Pale  Red.  Color,  pale  red ;  surface,  hairy ;  form, 
ovate  ;    size,  2 ;    quality,  2. 

Remarks. — Yery  productive.  Flavor,  very  good.  Re- 
sembles Houghton's  Seedling  closely.  Like  it  never 
mildews. 

RED    WARRINGTON.     Color,  red;    surface,   hairy; 
form,  round  oblate;  size,  1  ;  quality,  1. 
Remarks. — Branches,  drooping. 

Roaring  Lion.  Color,  red  ;  surface,  hairy ;  form,  oblate ; 
size,  1 ;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — Branches,  drooping.  Flavor,  best.  Hangs 
late. 

White  Honey.  Color,  white ;  surface,  smooth  ;  form, 
round  oblate  ;  size,  2 ;  quality,  1. 

Remarks. — Branches,  erect.     Flavor,  best.  • 

WHITESMITH.     Seldom  mildews. 


308  WESTERN     FRUIT    BOOK 


APPROPRIATE  LOCATION,  SOIL,  AND  TREAT- 
MENT OF  FRUIT  TREES. 

There  is  yet  a  very  great  deal  to  be  learned  on  these 
subjects.  This  knowledge  can  be  only  obtained  by  prac- 
tical trials  and  great  attention  to  the  particular  require- 
ments, habits,  and  suitable  locality  of  each  kind  of  fruit. 
The  mechanical  and  chemical  condition  of  the  soil,  and 
its  complete  drainage,  have  not  met  with  the  consid- 
eration due  to  their  great  importance  and  value,  especially 
w^hen  the  land  is  too  compact  in  its  nature,  and  will  not 
readily  carry  otf  the  surplus  water.  The  roots  of  trees 
are  very  apt  to  be  affected  in  very  damp,  cold,  and  hard- 
pan  lands,  and  diseases  will  thereby  be  likely  to  ensue; 
deleterious  substances  being  imbibed,  and  nutriment  of  a 
healthy  kind  can  not  then  be  properly  elaborated.  Too 
much  moisture,  and  the  result,  a  low  temperature,  and  an 
imperfect  preparation  of  the  soil,  will  greatly  affect  the 
vitalit}^  of  the  plant,  and  disorder  all  its  functions.  In 
time,  it  may  be  gradually  droiciied,  if  we  may  be  allowed 
the  expression.  Numerous  derangements,  such  as  the 
black  spots  on  the  fruit,  canker,  fungous  excrescences, 
and  fermentation  of  the  sap,  affecting  and  separating  the 
bark,  with  numerous  other  evils,  may,  probably,  arise 
from  this  cause.  Subsoiling  with  the  plough,  and  trench- 
ing with  the  spade,  should  go  hand  in  hand  with  the 
draining  materials,  and  open  the  ground  to  the  salutary 
influences  of  the  air  and  light  to  destroy  the  injurious 
acidities  of  the  earth,  elevate  its  low  temperature,  and 
render  available  its  unexcited  riches.  It  has  been  stated 
by  a  writer  of  high  authorit}-,  that  he  frequently  found 
the  soil  of  a  well-drained  field  higher  by  the  thermometer. 


TREATMENT  OF  FKUIT  TREES.         309 

from  ten  to  fifleen  degrees,  than  that  of  another  field,  not 
so  drained,  though  in  every  other  respect  the  soils  were 
similar.  Draining  is  also  the  very  best  preservative 
against  the  drought.  With  regard  to  situation,  there  are 
some  kinds  of  fruit  trees  that,  like  cats,  are  very  strictly 
local  in  their  habits ;  while  others  are  more  ubiquitous, 
and  a  minority  of  them  are  at  home  everywhere.  A  suit- 
able stock  is  also  necessary  for  ever^^  graft  to  arrive  at  the 
desired  normal  condition.  It  has  been  the  paramount 
object  of  the  writer  of  this  work,  and  the  principal  reason 
of  its  being  undertaken,  to  make  the  description  of  the 
fruits  therein  contained,  subservient  to  the  wants  of  each 
sort ;  and  the  particular  attention  bestowed  in  bringing 
forward  the  reports  from  all  quarters,  but  more  particu- 
larly from  the  Western  States,  and  our  own  neighborhood, 
will,  we  think,  sufficiently  prove  it.  With  the  careful, 
though  generally  brief,  portraiture,  individuallj',  of  our 
chief  pomological  treasures,  there  will  be  seen  the  partic- 
ular locality  to  which  each  is  specifically  ada2)ted,  thus 
rendering  the  path  of  the  cultivator  more  clearly  defined, 
to  enable  him  to  discover  what  he  should  obtain,  and  what 
he  ought  to  avoid.  The  action  of  Pomological  Societies, 
but  more  especially  that  of  the  Cincinnati  Horticultural 
Society,  has  been  of  inestimable  advantage  to  us,  espe- 
cialy  from  their  lists  of  "worthy"  fruits,  of  which  it  has 
been  seen  we  have  so  largely  availed  ourselves,  and  so 
liberally  presented  to  our  readers.  And  the  labor  and 
money  saved  to  both  nurserymen  and  fruit-growers  by 
the  Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society  alone,  in  its  reports 
of  those  varieties  which  are  "unworthy,"  or  rejected,  are 
also  incalculable. 

And  now  a  word  in  relation  to  "Dwarf  Pears."  V  e 
presume  that  although  it  has  not  yet  been  most  conclu- 
sively and  satisfactorily  proved  (owing  to  th$  time  not 
having  been  had)  that  our  Western  climate  and  soil  is  as 


olO  ^yESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

favorable  to  the  pear  on  the  quince,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
pear  on  its  own  stock,  as  the  Eastern  portions  of  our 
country — Massachusetts  for  instance — yet  we  think  we 
may  venture  to  say  that  there  is  but  little  probability 
that  the  difference  is  so  great,  in  this  regard,  as  to  act  as 
a  barrier  to  their  successful  cultivation,  when  w^e  shall 
have  taken  the  pains  to  avail  ourselves  of  all  the  requisites 
for  that  object,  in  every  other  respect.  Col.  Wilder,  as 
much  of  a  monarch  among  fruit-raisers  as  he  is  a  prince 
among  merchants,  has  given  us  ample  proof  in  his  own 
case,  and  that  of  many  others,  that  they  have  reached 
success  in  this  department  of  pomological  science,  in  his 
communications  to  our  Society,  and  to  others,  on  this 
subject.  We  have  no  reason  to  doubt  his  statement,  cor- 
roborated, also,  by  eye-witnesses  from  among  ourselves. 
He  suggests  *' that  the  pear,  ujwn  the  quince,  should  be 
planted  deep  enough  to  cover  the  place  of  junction,  three 
or  four  inches  below  the  soil,  and  then  the  pear  will 
throw  out  roots  from  itself,  and  the  result  will  not  only 
be  an  early  fruiting,  but  also  longevity  ;  and  (the  Col. 
adds),  to  obtain  the  pleasure  and  profit  of  regular  crops, 
for  many  years,  before  the  trees  would  produce  fruit  on 
their  own  stock."  We  believe  this  all  right,  and  an  ad- 
vantage ;  the  only  objection  that  occurs  to  us  is,  that  as  the 
trees,  when  the}^  take  root  from  their  own  stock,  cease  in 
a  great  measure  to  be  dwarf,  they  will  take  up  more  space 
in  a  garden,  etc.,  than  they  would  if  confined  only  to  the 
quince  stock,  and  so  far,  in  a  measure,  defeat  the  object 
intended. — Figures,  like  facts,  are  stubborn  things.  They 
have  made  out  the  profits  of  these  trees  in  the  East.  Our 
good  time  may  come  yet,  Avhen,  notwithstanding  the  un- 
favorable balance  against  us,  if  any,  in  climate,  we  shall 
have  complied  with  all  the  conditions  necessary  for  their 
prosperous  culture.  The  celebrated  Mr  Beeckman,  form- 
erly of  Belgium,  but  now  of  ISTew  Jersey,  says  that  quince- 


TREATMENT  OF  FRUIT  TREES.         311 

grafted  pears  are  less  subject  to  blight,  that  pernicious 
pest  which  has  destroyed  the  hopes  and  prospects  of  so 
many.     He  says : 

1st.  "  Have  a  good,  substantial,  rather  deep  soil,  with 
porous  or  drained  sub-soil. 

2nd.  "Select  the  Angers  or  Orleans  Quince  (Paris  is 
good  with  us  in  the  West,  and  probably  the  strongest). 

3rd.  "Plant  no  other  varieties  than  those  which  suc- 
ceed on  the  quince. 

4th.  "Plant  the  trees  deep  enough,  so  that  the  place 
where  they  have  been  budded  shall  be  at  least  three 
inches  below  the  surface  of  the  soil. 

5th.  '•  Keep  the  weeds  down. 

6th.  '•  Keep  the  branches  low,  and  make  a  pyramidal 
tree,  by  judicious  pruning  once  or  twice  a  year.  If  well 
pruned,  the  tree  requires  no  '  j^iiiching.'  " 

We  shall  conclude  with  a  few  observations  on  the  selec- 
tion of  trees  suitable  for  an  apple  orchard,  which  we  have 
drawn  in  a  condensed  form  from  a  series  of  papers  on  the 
subject,  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Jno.  A.  Warder,  President 
of  the  Horticultural  Society ;  an  excellent  writer,  who 
has  improved  his  natural  gifts  and  tastes  by  much  study 
and  observation,  and  who  has  long  devoted  his  talents  to 
one  of  the  noblest  pursuits  that  can  occupy  the  mind  of 
man.  The  articles  from  which  we  extract  were  published 
in  that  capital  and  too  neglected  work,  the  Western  Horti- 
cultural Review  and  Botanical  Magazine.  The  general  sub- 
ject is  the  selection  and  planting  of  an  apple  orchard. 
In  planting  an  orchard  for  family  use,  he  says : 

It  is  a  very  common  mistake  to  plant  too  many  varie- 
ties. We  are  apt  to  select  generously,  rather  than  judi- 
ciously ;  few  men  are  capable  of  making  out  a  select  list 
of  trees  that  shall  bear  a  successif)n  of  fruits  for  the  table 
and  kitchen,  so  as  to  have  a  constant  supply  during  the 
year — such  a  selection  requires  a  pretty  thorough  knowl- 


312  WESTERN    PRUIT    BOOK. 

edge  of  Pomology,  and  great  familiarity  with  the  varie- 
ties, and  their  adaptation  to  different  soils  and  situations. 

For  a  SINGLE  family,  a  dozen  trees  should  furnish  a  su- 
perabundance of  fruit ;  but  the  observation  of  all  who 
have  attempted  a  selection  is,  that  the  smaller  the  list  to 
be  chosen,  the  greater  will  be  found  the  difficult}"  in  mak- 
ing the  selection.  The  following  list  is  recommended, 
commencing  with  the  earliest :  the  Red  Juneating,  Prince's 
Harvest,  Summer  Pose,  Fall  Pippin,  Pambo,  American 
Golden  Pusset,  iSTewtown  Spitzenburg,  White  Bellflower, 
Swaar,  Pryor's  Red,  Paulo's  Janet,  jS'ewtown  Pippin. 

Others  would  prefer,  White  June,  Benoni,  Strawberr}', 
Golden  Sweet,  Fall  Pippin,  Pambo.  Westfield  Seek-no-fur- 
ther, Newtown  Spitzenburg,  Yellow  Bellflower,  Waxen, 
White  Pij^pin,  Poxbury  Pusset. 

For  Market,  the  question  assumes  another  phase  alto- 
gether, for  it  is  a  matter  of  great  importance  to  furnish  a 
supply  that  shall  suit  the  tastes  of  customers,  and  the 
consumers  are  possessed  of  as  much  diversity  in  this 
respect  as  in  any  other  ;  and  withal,  are  coming  rapidly 
within  the  influence  of  the  enlightening  rays  of  the  Po- 
mological  Conventions  of  the  States  and  ]S"ation  ;  although 
still  bound  by  fashion  and  early  association.  Thus,  in 
'New  England,  the  Porter,  Baldwin,  Phode  Island  Green- 
ings, Westfield  Seek -no-further,  and  Boston  Pusset,  will 
outsell  most  other  varieties.  In  Xew  York,  the  Greening, 
Esopus  Spitzenburg,  and  the  Newtown  Spitzenburg  (their 
Yandevere),  the  Newtown  Pippin,  and  the  Yellow  Bell- 
flower,  will  bear  the  palm;  and  in  Philadelphia,  another 
style  of  fruit  would  command  more  attention,  among 
which  the  Pambo  w^ould  stand  pre-eminent;  and  the 
beautiful  little  Lady  Apple,  which  constitutes  a  necessary 
part  of  the  Christmas  decorations,  and  the  ornaments  of 
every  winter  feast,  will  receive  the  highest  price  of  any 
other  Apple  in  either  of  those  cities. 


TREATMENT      OF     IRUIT      TREES.  313 

In  the  Southern  markets — to  which  vast  quantities  of 
the  products  of  our  Western  orchards  are  shipped  by 
river — all  red  apples  are  preferred  to  those  of  lighter 
color.  The  warmth  of  the  climate  also  requires  that  the 
fruit  should  be  of  the  firmest  and  best-keeping*  varieties  ; 
hence  we  find  that  the  Prj^or's  Eed,  the  Eaiile's  Janet, 
and  even  the  Gilpin,  are  favorites  among  the  shippers  and 
purchasers,  who  will  almost  at  once  reject  all  of  the  light- 
colored  fruits. 

Near  our  large  towns  and  cities,  particularly  in  the 
vicinity  of  railway  stations,  a  very  large  supply  of  choice 
fruit  is  wanted  for  the  retail  trade  throughout  the  season, 
and  the  retailers  desire  fruit  that  shall  be  attractive,  and 
pay  much  less  regard  to  real  excellence  than  to  external 
beauty — so  that  it  may  be  j)rofitable  to  produce  a  supply 
for  this  demand,  that  may  not  rank  as  first-rate,  but  real- 
ize to  the  producer  the  highest  prices.  Thus,  for  this  pur- 
pose, the  beautiful  Maiden's  Blush,  which  can  scarcely  be 
ranked  an  good,  will  be  purchased  readil}^,  while  other  and 
better  sorts  remain  unsold.  The  Waxen  will  follow  after 
this  fruit,  and  be  eagerlj'^  sought  on  account  of  its  appear- 
ance; the  Yellow  Bellflower  always  commands  a  high 
price,  though  not  admired  universally  as  a  dessert  fruit. 

The  HOTEL  KEEPER,  in  purchasing,  has  two  objects  in 
view;  the  decoration,  as  well  as  the  supply,  of  his  table; 
and  he  cares  less  about  the  quality  than  the  appearance 
of  the  fruit  he  purchases.  For  a  dinner  of  one  hundred 
plates,  it  is  cheaper  to  pay  one  dollar  for  a  bushel  of  neat, 
medium-sized,  or  small  apples,  containing  one  hundred 
specimens,  than  to  give  one  dollar  and  a  iialf  for  two 
bushels  of  the  finest  and  largest  fruit  of  the  season,  that 
shall  count  but  one  apiece  for  the  party.  This  matter 
of  calculation  is  beginning  to  be  well  understood,  and 
even  private  families  find  it  to  their  account  to  select  me- 
dium-sized fruit,  independent  of  the  fact,  that  most  of  the 
27 


314  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

apples  of  the  highest  character  are  not  large.  The  best 
dessert  fruits  are  of  medium  size,  although  many  of  the 
large  kinds  are  good  for  the  table,  and  may  be  much  pre- 
ferred for  the  kitchen. 

From  these  hints,  it  will  be  inferred  that  it  is  important, 
before  setting  out  an  orchard  for  profit,  to  determine  the 
character  and  extent  of  the  demand  to  be  supplied ;  and 
also,  whether  it  be  northern,  eastern,  or  southern,  or  even 
beyond  the  seas,  since  each  wnll  require  a  different  selec- 
tion of  varieties.  In  all  cases,  it  is  safest  to  select  very 
few  varieties^  and  those  the  varieties  that  have  2:)roved  suc- 
cessful in  your  particular  neighborhood — for  it  has  long 
since  been  observed,  that  the  tinest  fruit  of  one  region 
may  become  quite  an  inferior  affair  in  another;  nor  can 
any  one  determine  this  point,  beyond  a  general  guess, 
without  absolute  observation  or  trial.  A  change  from  a 
somewhat  sterile  soil  to  one  of  great  fertility,  is  generally 
followed  by  an  increase  of  size,  but  often,  also,  by  a  greater 
coarseness,  in  appearance  at  least.  So  remarkable  is  this, 
that  pomologists  are  often  puzzled  in  recognizing  fruits 
produced  in  our  region,  although  they  maj^  bo  perfectlj' 
familiar  with  the  same  variety  at  home. 

There  is  one  variety,  so  far  as  the  trade  has  yet  been 
tested,  which  will  pay  well  for  transportation  to  the  Eng- 
lish market ;  it  is  known  there  as  The  American  Apple,  and 
here  as  the  Newtown  Pippin.  Mr.  Pell,  and  other  orch- 
ardists,  have  found  it  the  best  variety  for  shipping  on  a 
long  voyage,  and  others  may  safely  rely  upon  their  expe- 
rience;  but  in  some  sections  the  Newtown  Pippin  does 
not  succeed  so  as  to  be  profitable.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is 
claimed  that  this  tree  should  have  a  rich  calcareous  loam, 
but  the  subsoil  should  not  be  too  tenacious  and  wet. 

The  growing  of  apples  as  a  food  for  stock  has,  w^ithin  a 
few  years,  attracted  much  attention  among  the  most  intel- 
ligent agriculturists  ;  and  pomologists  have  been  engaged 


TREATMENT  OP  FRUIT  TREES.      315 

in  selecting  lists  of  such  as  were  most  hardy,  productive, 
and  ripening  in  succession.  Those  who  have  tried  the 
most  experiments-  in  the  use  of  this  kind  of  food,  speak  in 
the  most  exalted  terms  of  the  results. 

The  following  sorts  of  sweet  ai)ples  are  recommended 
for  a  succession  of  fruit  for  stock  feeding;  they  are  par- 
ticularly selected  for  their  hardiness  and  productiveness, 
and  are  offered  with  the  restrictions  and  provisos  already 
noted  :  Sweet  June,  Sweet  Bough,  G-olden  Sweet,  Jersey 
Sweet,  Baily  Sweet,  Eamsdell,  Danver's  Winter,  Talman's 
Sweet,  Michael  Henry,  and  Campfield. 

For  a  Cider  Orchard. — There  are  several  varieties 
that  have  been  fully  proved  to  be  superior  to  most  others. 
They  should  be  of  thrifty  growth,  very  productive,  and 
should  ripen  late  in  the  season.  It  is  a  great  mistake  to 
suppose  that  any  common  apples  will  answer  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  cider. 

The  varieties  that  have  been  found  most  desirable  for 
this  purpose  are  those  which  contain  the  most  saccharine 
principle,  and  which  will  yield  the  heaviest  must ;  they 
are  not,  however,  necessarily  sweet  apples— such  are  the 
Harrison,  Campfield,  Graniwinkle,  Gilpin,  and  especially 
the  Hewes'  Yirginia  Crab.  Several  others,  on  account  of 
their  hardiness  and  productiveness,  are  frequently  planted 
for  cider  orchards. 

Horticultural  Society's  selections  for  general  purposes  \ 


For  July  and  August,     -    -    - 

-    2    -    - 

■    -    Summer  Rose. 

•'    July  and  August,     -    -    - 

.    2    -    - 

-     Strawberry. 

"    September  and  October,  - 

-    2    -    - 

■    -    Fall  Pippin. 

*'    October  and  November,     - 

-    4    -    - 

•    -    Rambo. 

"    November  and  December, 

-    5    -    • 

•    -    Golden  Russet. 

"    November  and  December, 

-    6    -    . 

■    -    Newtown  Spitzenburg 

"    November  and  December, 

.  20    -    . 

-    -    White  Bellflower. 

•'    January  and  February,     - 

-  15    - 

-     -     Pryor's  Red. 

•'    February  to  April,   -    -    - 

-  40    - 

-    -     Raule's  Janet. 

"    March, - 

-    5    - 

-    -    Newtown  Pippin. 

100  trees. 


316  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK.. 

Having  selected  the  trees,  the  next  points  to  be  con- 
sidered, are, — When,  and  how  to  plant  them?  Two  very 
important  questions,  upon  the  answers  to  which  much  of 
the  success  of  the  plantation  inevitably  depends.  As  to 
situation,  it  may  be  said,  generally,  that  whenever  it  is 
possible,  select  an  elevated  position  for  the  orchard  ; 
though  no  one  should  be  discouraged,  or  deterred  from 
planting,  even  though  he  be  located  in  the  level  bottom 
lands  of  our  rivers.  Those  who  would  establish  large 
orchards,  with  a  view  to  profit  from  the  sales  of  fruit, 
should,  by  all  means,  be  advised  to  select  their  sites  in 
elevated  and  hilly  regions,  on  account  of  greater  immu- 
nity from  frosts,  the  finer  fruits  that  are  produced  with 
the  better  circulation  of  the  air,  and  a  soil  generally  bet- 
ter adapted  to  the  purpose  of  fruit-growing. 

One  sj)ecial  advantage  of  elevated  positions  for  the 
orchard,  consists  in  the  character  of  the  soils  that  are 
generally  found  in  such  situations — they  are  less  rankly 
fertile,  and  less  productive  of  excessive  wood-growths, 
than  the  deep  alluvials  that  prevail  in  the  bottoms.  This 
appears  to  be  a  condition  most  favorable  to  the  highest 
development  of  the  apple  in  its  greatest  beauty  and  per- 
fection. Upon  hills  there  is  generally  a  more  probable 
immunity  from  the  lichens,  that  so  often  disfigure  the 
fruits  produced  in  the  damper  atmosphere  of  lower  levels, 
which  is  also  less  stirred  by  the  winds.  The  very  tex- 
ture of  the  fruit,  and  its  consequent  peeping  qualities,  are 
undoubtedly  superior  upon  the  thinner  soils  of  the  hill- 
lands,  than  elsewhere.  These  are  mere  matters  of  obser- 
vation, now  cumulating  and  not  to  be  gainsayed,  but 
rather  spread  out  before  the  public,  for  the  sake  of  guard- 
ing them  against  mistakes  in  selecting  the  sites  of  largo 
commercial  orchards,  than  with  any  desire  to  prejudice 
the  thousands  in  the  country  which  are  planted  in  the 
other  class  of  sites  and  soils,  for  the  very  good  reason  that 


TREATMENT    OP    FRUIT    TREES.  317 

they  must  have  been  phmted  there,  or  not  planted  at  all. 
There  are  soils  and  situations,  however,  which  are  so  bare, 
broken,  and  rocky,  as  to  be  unfit  for  cultivation  ;  if  such 
are  planted  as  orchards,  it  will  be  unreasonable  to  expect 
so  heavy,  or  so  fine  crops  of  fruit  as  where  judicious  cul- 
ture can  be  applied. 

Having  settled  the  question  of  situation,  that  of  soil 
ensues  as  a  matter  of  considerable  importance  ;  for  no  one 
can  doubt  that  the  permanency  and  success  of  the  orchard 
will  depend  ver}^  much  upon  wdiether  the  trees  find  suffi- 
cient and  proper  aliment  from  which  to  elaborate  their 
desired  products.  In  this  particular,  however,  we  are 
relieved  from  any  great  anxiety,  by  observing  that  the 
apple-tree  thrives  in  almost  every  soil  that  contains  the 
usual  mixture  of  materials  that  is  common  to  all  reason- 
ably fertile  land :  certain  definite  elements  are,  however, 
necessary;  among  these  are  potash,  and  phosphate  of 
lime,  which  enter  largely  into  the  constitution  of  the 
plant  and  its  products,  and  should  exist  in  the  soil,  or 
they  must  be  applied  artificially. 

Too  little  attention  is  paid  to  the  preparation  of  the 
land ;  and  it  is  believed,  and  has  been  fally  demonstrated, 
that  a  thorough  tillage  before  planting  is  very  conducive 
to  success.  And  for  three  or  four  years  after  planting, 
the  ground  should  be  kept  in  tillage,  either  with  or  with- 
out root-crops,  avoiding  the  introduction  of  cereals,  for 
the  double  purpose  of  preventing  the  consequent  abstrac- 
tion of  elements  that  will  be  needed  by  the  future  crops 
of  apples,  and  also,  that  the  constant  culture  of  the  soil  by 
tillage  may  not  be  interrupted. 

After' the  second  or  third  year  of  tillage-crops  among 
the  young  trees,  which  will  have  encouraged  them  to 
make  a  vigorous  growth,  some  orchardists  will  find  it 
advantageous  to  sow  a  green  crop,  such  as  buckwheat, 
oats,  or  peas,  to  be  pastured  off  by  hogs,  before  they  ripen. 


318  WESTERN    FEUIT    BOOK. 

It  is  believed  that  the  green  manure,  thus  left  with  the 
animal  droppings,  will  be  very  advantageous,  and  may  be 
plowed  in  with  good  effect.  The  swine  will  not  be  apt 
to  injure  the  trees  materially,  unless  they  are  kept  on  too 
long,  so  as  to  pasture  the  green  crop  very  closely.  In  all 
the  tillage,  the  greatest  care  must  be  exercised  to  avoid 
wounding  the  bark  by  carelessly  striking  the  stems  with 
the  single-trees,  when  the  plowing  is  done  with  horses ; 
an  additional  hand  will  be  needed  in  plowing  next  the 
trees,  to  save  them.  When  the  trees  have  made  a  good 
growth,  and  bear  well,  the  tillage  may  be  suspended,  and 
the  ground  sown  to  clover,  to  be  pastured  with  swine  for 
a  year  or  two,  and   again  broken  up  and  tilled. 

Many  orchards  have  been  planted  in  grass  lands,  how- 
ever, without  any  especial  preparation  of  the  soil,  as  above 
recommended.  When  this  is  necessary,  there  should  be 
a  substitute  for  the  thorough  and  continuous  tillage.  The 
ground  about  the  trees  must  be  turned  over  with  the 
spade,  in  a  sort  of  rough-digging,  twice  or  three  times  a 
year ;  in  the  Fall,  or  early  Winter,  in  the  latter  part  of 
Spring,  and  again  during  the  Summer,  so  as  to  make  the 
earth  loose  and  mellow,  and  to  keep  down  the  weeds.  This 
digging  should  be  about  six  feet  in  diameter,  and  grad- 
ually increased,  as  the  roots  extend ;  it  should  be  shallow 
next  the  tree.  In  some  situations  this  kind  of  treatment 
will  be  necessary,  and  must  be  adopted  as  the  best  that 
can  be  employed;  but  thorough  and  continuous  tillage 
with  the  plow  and  cultivator  is  recommended  for  several 
years ;  indeed,  some  persons  insist  upon  constant  culture 
of  orchards,  as  conducive  to  their  best  success ;  one  or  two 
plowings,  during  the  season,  with  a  naked  fallow,  or 
green  crops  turned  in. 

The  distance  at  which  the  trees  should  be  placed,  will 
depend  upon  the  soil,  and  also,  in  a  great  degree,  upon 
the  character  and  habit  of  the  variety  ;  since  some  kinds 


TREATMENT    OF    PRDIT    TREES.  319 

are  much  more  thrifty,  and  grow  to  a  larger  size  than 
others.  As  a  general  rule,  the  richer  the  soil,  the  greater 
the  space  that  will  be  required.  From  this  suggestion  a 
valuable  inference  maybe  drawn:  —  that  trees,  particu- 
larly for  large  orchards,  should  be  studied,  in  regard  to 
their  style  of  growth,  and  assorted  accordingly,  before 
planting.  Thus,  there  are  some  kinds  that  will  do  better 
if  set  at  twenty-five  feet  apart,  than  others  planted  at 
forty-five  feet  distance.  As  a  general  proposition,  trees 
should  not  be  too  much  crowded  ;  and  when  the  price  of 
land  is  of  small  moment,  compared  to  the  success  of  the 
orchard,  forty  feet  may  be  assumed  as  a  good  average 
distance — two  rods  is  a  very  common  allotment. 

Below  is  a  list  of  some  of  the  coarsest  growing,  com- 
pact, and  least  diffusely  branched  varieties:  — 

For  wide  planting  —  Rhode  Island  Greening,  Pennock, 
Summer  Queen,  Newtown  Spitzcnburg,  Yandevere  Pip- 
pin, Roxbury  Kusset,  Fall  Pippin,  Yellow  Bellflower, 
Fallawalder. 

For  ch!<e  planitTig  —  American  Golden  Eusset,  Juneating, 
Lady,  Eaule's  Janet. 

Laying  out  the  ground,  will  aiford  an  opportunity  for  the 
exercise  of  some  taste  and  fancy,  and  will  require  accu- 
racy. The  usual  form  is  that  of  a  square,  or  in  rows, 
crossing  one  another,  at  right  angles.  But  many  advise 
wide  planting  in  this  manner,  and  the  addition  of  a  cen- 
tral tree  between  each  rectangle ;  this  is  called  tlie 
quincunx  method.  The  hexagon  style  has  also  been  sug- 
gested, but  the  rectangle  affords  the  greatest  convenience. 
Whatever  plan  be  adopted,  the  places  or  stations  for  the 
trees  should  be  marked  by  a  stake,  which  will  indicate 
the  positions  where  the  holes  are  to  be  dug. 

The  stations  should  be  prepared  by  opening  large 
holes,  if  the  ground  has  not  been  thoroughly  prepared 
by  deep   plowing  —  if,  however,  the  soil  be  mellow,  the 


320  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

excavation  need  not  be  larger  than  the  roots  of  the  young 
trees  require  for  their  accommodation ;  from  eighteen 
inches  to  two  feet  square,  and  about  one  spade  deep.  If, 
however,  the  land  be  in  grass  at  the  time  of  planting,  the 
holes  should  be  made  four  or  five  feet  in  diameter,  and 
should  be  deeply  excavated. 

Flaiitiiig  the  trees,  will  require  the  exercise  of  great  care 
and  judgment.  If  the  stations  have  been  well  laid  out, 
and  carefully  excavated,  the  trees  may  readily  be  made  to 
range  with  that  perfect  regularity  which  gives  a  pleasant 
character  of  artistic  propriety,  that  will  be  a  source  of 
satisfaction  for  many  years.  To  insure  this  result,  it  will 
be  best  to  set  range  stakes  in  either  direction ;  after  a  few 
trees  are  planted,  they  will  aid  in  the  correct  setting  of 
the  remainder. 

We  shall  not  need  the  theories  of  the  terraculturist,  but 
simple  observation,  to  induce  us  to  plant  the  trees  at  the 
same  depth  they  previously  occupied  in  the  soil  —  the 
collar  should  be  at  the  surface.  To  this  end,  the  hole 
should  be  partiall}^  filled  with  good  mellow^  soil,  a  little 
raised  in  the  middle,  and  upon  this  bed  the  tree  is  to  be 
placed,  in  its  proper  position  in  regard  to  range  and  depth. 
Then  the  finest  mold  is  thrown  lightly  on  the  roots,  after 
they  have  been  carefully  spread  out.  Gentle  pressure  by 
the  foot,  will  aid  in  setting  the  earth  about  the  roots,  after 
taking  particular  care  that  the  fine  earth  has  been  well 
worked  in  among  the  fibers.  Some  planters  recommend 
the  application  of  a  bucketful  of  water  at  this  stage,  par- 
ticularly if  the  soil  be  dry;  but  others  cone  der  this  of 
doubtful  propriety,  particularly  when  the  land  is  stiff  and 
clayey.  Yfhen  the  natural  soil  is  poor,  or  unkind,  and 
not  well  prepared,  it  will  be  necessary  to  use  a  good  com- 
post for  filling  up  the  holes ;  but  great  care  should  be 
taken  to  avoid  the  application  of  any  strong  or  fresh  ma- 
nure.    Eotten   sods,  with   old   decayed    chip  manure,  or 


TREATMENT     OF     FRUIT     TREES,  321 

cow-yard  scrapings,  well  incorporated,  and  treated  with 
lime  and  ashes,  or  some  other  judiciously  pre2:)ared  com- 
post, will  be  available,  but  should  have  been  prepared 
beforehand.  In  filling  up  around  the  tree,  less  care  will 
be  requisite  as  to  the  character  of  the  earth.  The  surface 
should  be  made  a  little  rounding,  to  allow  of  settling,  and 
also  to  prevent  the  accumulation  of  water  in  a  wet  season  ; 
this  is  to  be  particularly  observed  in  Fall  planting.  Care- 
fully examine  the  roots,  and  remove,  with  a  sharp  knife, 
all  those  portions  that  have  been  unfortunately  torn,  or 
wounded  by  carelessness,  in  digging  at  the  nursery,  or 
in  transportation.  Set  the  roots  upon  a  bank  of  mellow 
earth,  spread  out  every  fiber  in  its  natural  direction,  fill 
in  with  the  most  mellow  soil,  or  comj^ost,  shaking  the 
tree  very  gently,  and  working  in  the  dirt  thoroughly ;  fix 
the  roots  by  a  gentle  pressure  of  the  foot,  and  then  fill  up 
the  hole  to  the  proper  level  of  both  tree  and  surface.  In 
dry  weather  it  may  be  necessary  to  leave  a  slight  con- 
cavity or  hollow  about  the  stem,  so  as  to  retain  moisture 
until  it  can  soak  into  thei  earth ;  but  in  newl^-planted 
trees  it  is  better  to  sprinkle  the  tops.  ^luJching,  or  cov- 
ering the  whole  surface  above  the  roots  with  straw,  etc., 
to  prevent  the  evaporation  of  moisture,  will  be  found  of 
inestimable  value,  particularly  in  a  season  of  drought. 

vSubsequent  Summer  treatment  will  depend,  in  a  great 
degree,  upon  the  manner  in  which  the  ground  had  been 
prepared  for  the  3'oung  orchard.  According  to  the  best 
authorities,  the  soil  should  have  been  thoroughly  loosened 
b}'  deep  2:)lowing,  and,  if  practicable,  subsoil  plowing,  in 
most  soils,  before  the  trees  were  set,  for  such  complete 
culture  can  never  afterward  be  api)lied,  on  account  of  the 
presence  of  the  trees.  If  this  kind  of  preparation  has 
been  made,  it  will  be  best  to  continue  stirring  the  whole 
of  the  ground,  with  the  plow  or  cultivator,  so  as  to  destroy 
the  weeds  and   maintain  a  good  tilth  during  the  season ; 


322  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

this  will  require  two  or  more  repetitions  of  the  plowing, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  soil,  and  the  abundance 
of  weed§  and  grass. 

Cultivation  of  the  soil  among  the  trees  should,  if  possi- 
ble, be  continued  for  some  years,  to  secure  and  promote 
the  rajDid  and  healthy  growth  of  the  orchard,  even  should 
it  be  objected  that  such  a  thrifty  growth  of  the  trees  is 
not  followed  by  early  productiveness.  Lay  a  broad  foun- 
dation for  future  bearing  of  large  crops,  and  the  coming 
years  will  not  have  to  blame  you  for  stinted  trees,  unable 
to  produce  a  liberal  yield.  The  plow  is  the  great  agent 
of  culture,  upon  which  we  depend  for  the  comminution  of 
the  soil,  and  its  subversion,  when  we  desire  to  bury  the 
weeds  and  expose  the  earth  to  the  influence  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, which  is  ever  ready  to  impart  its  aerial  treasures 
of  gaseous  manures,  from  which,  indeed,  the  chief  element 
of  woody  fiber  is  to  be  derived.  Two  or  more  ^^^owings 
of  the  soil  will  be  found  necessary,  and  will  maintain  the 
requisite  mellow  condition  and  freedom  from  weeds. 

In  all  cases,  the  use  of  the  plow  and  cultivator,  espe- 
cially the  former,  should  be  guarded  with  great  care,  to 
prevent  the  injurious  contact  of  the  trace-chains  and 
whiffle-trees  with  the  bark,  that  would  be  otherwise 
bruised  and  often  removed,  to  the  great  injury  of  the 
growing  trees.  The  single-trees  should  be  as  short  as 
possible,  and  as  the  team  ajDproaches  the  rows,  an  assistant 
should  watch  and  guard  the  young  trees,  by  lifting  up  the 
projecting  portion.  Some  persons  prefer  oxen  for  this 
culture  among  trees,  upon  the  supposition  and  belief  that 
they  are  more  readily  controlled  in  their  steady  gait, 
slower  than  horses,  and  because  the  yoke  alone  is  liable 
to  injure  the  trees,  and  this  is  more  perfectly  under  con- 
trol of  the  driver.  For  heavy  plowing,  the  oxen  would 
be  preferred  by  most  operators ;  but  for  the  light,  continu- 
ous culture  among  young  trees,  the  horse,  or,  perhaps, 


TREATMENT     OF     FRUIT    TREES.  323 

still  better,  the  small-footed  and   precise-stepping  mule 
would  be  preferred. 

When  plowing  among  orchards,  care  should  be  taken 
not  to  open  a  land  between  two  rows  repeatedly,  by 
throwing  the  first  furrow  against  tlie  tree,  but  the  lands 
should  be  alternately  opened  and  gathered,  so  as  to  main- 
tain a  level  surface;  unless,  indeed,  the  surface  be  very 
flat  and  humid,  when  it  may  have  been  necessary  to  plant 
the  trees  upon  the  original  surface,  and  cover  the  roots 
with  a  small  hillock  of  earth;  here,  the  constant  "open- 
ing "  of  the  lands,  by  throwing  the  furrows  toward  the 
trees,  will  be  advisable ;  this  soon  supplies  a  series  of  su- 
perficial drains  that  are  beneficial  to  the  orchard. 

Cultivation  of  the  soil  may  be  continued  for  several 
years,  with  the  best  results,  as  will  be  very  apparent  in 
the  thrifty  growth,  fine  foliage,  and  smooth  bark  of  the 
trees ;  but  it  is  very  desirable  to  have  it  continued  at  least 
during  three  or  four  Summers ;  after  which  the  surface 
may  be  laid  down  to  grass,  provided  due  care  be  taken  to 
keep  a  large  sjDace  cleared  about  the  trees,  but  no  cattle 
should  be  allowed  to  pasture  uj^on  the  land,  except  swine, 
which  will  destroy  insects  that  are  in  the  fallen  fruit. 

In  some  situations,  whether  from  convenience  or  neces- 
sity, the  young  trees  are  set  in  a  grass  field,  which  may 
be  rocky,  or  otherwise  unfit  for  the  use  of  the  j^iow  and 
cultivator.  When  this  is  the  case,  as  general  culture  of 
the  whole  area  is  impracticable,  it  becomes  advisable  to 
pay  special  attention  to  the  treatment  of  that  immediately 
occupied  by  the  roots.  When  planting  in  such  a  field,  the 
holes  should  be  dug  much  larger  than  required  to  receive 
the  roots,  and,  of  course,  much  wider  than  when  planting 
a  thoroughly  prepared  soil.  The  grass  and  weeds  must 
be  kept  under  control  by  digging  about  the  trees  to  an 
extent  of  five  or  six  feet  in  diameter,  or  more.  This  diirffino" 
may  be  performed  during  the  Winter,  when  the  frost  will 


324  WEBTEEN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

permit,  and  will  require  repetition  by  Midsummer,  and 
2)erhaps  again  during  the  season,  unless  we  have  applied 
a  most  excellent  adjuvant,  the  mulching  of  the  surface. 

So  much  has  been  said  and  written  of  late  years  upon 
the  subject  of  mulching,  that  it  must  be  familiar  to  all,  yet 
a  few  words  will  be  in  place.  The  object  of  mulching  is 
to  preserve  a  certain  degree  of  moisture  in  the  soil,  about 
the  roots,  by  preventing  the  rapid  evaporation  from  the 
surface,  in  our  arid  climate ;  it  will,  therefore,  be  particu- 
larly serviceable  in  sand}^  and  gravely  soils.  The  mulch 
may  consist  of  any  light  rubbish  that  may  be  at  command  ; 
straw  is  generally  used,  and  is  applied  to  freshly-dug  soil 
to  the  depth  of  three  or  four  inches ;  this  soon  settles 
down  and  forms  a  close  coat  that  prevents  rapid  evapora- 
tion, collects  dew,  and  with  it,  ammonia,  which  it  retains, 
ready  to  be  washed  down  into  the  soil  by  the  next  rain. 
Chip  dirt,  from  the  wood- pile,  or  old  tanbark,  are  very 
suitable  materials  to  b-e  thus  applied,  and  even  loose 
brush  and  twigs,  the  trimmings  of  the  trees  themselves, 
which  will  retain  the  blowing  leaves,  will  form  a  good 
mulch,  and  keep  the  soil  loose  and  mellow  beneath  ;  but 
where  accessible,  as  from  a  saw-mill  in  the  neighborhood, 
there  is  nothing  that  so  well  and  so  neatly  produces  the 
desired  effect  as  coarse  saw-dust,  which,  in  stiff  soils,  may 
be  turned  in  at  the  winter  digging,  or  scraped  to  one  side, 
and  reserved  for  application  the  ensuing  season. 

Young  trees,  freshly  set  out,  especially  -those  from 
crowded  nurseries,  and  where  they  have  been  cleanly 
trimmed  up  with  naked  stems,  just  such  as  are  generally 
most  admired,  on  account  of  their  resemblance  to  walk- 
ing sticks,  perhaps,  are  frequently  obnoxious  to  serious 
evils  when  transplanted  to  open  exposures.  The  smooth 
bark  is  often  scorched  and  blistered,  and  oftentimes  fine 
young  trees  are  also  destroyed  by  the  larva  of  an  insect 
that  lives  upon  the  cambium  or  young  wood  just  beneath 


TREATMENT      OF      FRUIT      TREES.  325 

the  bark;  the  worm  eats  away  a  considerable  surface, 
often  nearly  girdling  the  tree  before  his  invasion  is  dis- 
covered. The  latter  injury  can  only  be  suitably  met  with 
the  sharp  knife,  in  the  hands  of  the  ever-wakeful  orch- 
ardist,  who  watches  his  trees  with  lynx-eyed  vigilance; 
but  the  former  evil  may  be  prevented  by  a  very  simple 
contrivance,  and  one  that  is  particularly  recommended  for 
the  cherry,  that  has  its  bare  and  polished  shank  ex^DOsed 
to  a  hot  sun,  aftei*  having  been  drawn  upward  in  search 
of  light  and  air  in  the  close  rows  where  it  grew.  The 
application  consists  in  a  wisp  of  straw  gently  tied  to  the 
stem,  and  extending  from  the  branches  to  the  ground. 
As  the  trees  groAV  larger,  the  straw  may  still  be  applied 
with  advantage  to  the  cherry,  whicli  appears  to  suffer 
from  sunshine,  both  in  the  Winter  and  Summer,  more  than 
other  trees  ;  for  the  larger  trees,  a  straw  rope  is  used, 
wound  about  the  stem;  but  a  couple  of  boards  tacked 
together,  and  set  up  to  the  south  and  south-west  sides, 
have  been  found  a  very  efficacious  protection. 

Low-headed  tree?,  are,  on  many  accounts,  to  be  preferred 
in  our  climate,  even  for  the  apple,  the  great  orchard  fruit. 
These  should  have  their  training  commenced  in  the  nur- 
sery, but  it  is  seldom  there  attempted,  on  account  of  the 
desire  with  most  purchasers  to  see  tall  trees:  often  mere 
whip-stalks,  trimmed  up  clean  and  straight,  will  sell  more 
readily  than  stout,  stocky  young  trees,  containing  every 
element  of  future  beauty  and  usefulness.  Always  select 
such  when  it  be  possible,  remembering  that  Ave  have 
already  agreed  that  the  ground  planted  in  fruit  should 
not  be  appropriated  to  pasturage,  and  hence  the  tall  stems 
are  not  needed  to  keej)  the  fruit  and  foliage  up  out  of  the 
reach  of  cattle. 

Having  selected  properly  grown  trees  and  planted  and 
tended  them  as  already  advised,  the  Summer  pruning  for 
the  first  few  years  becomes  a  matter  of  great  importance. 


326  WESTERN    FRUIT    BOOK. 

A  frequent  examination  of  their  condition  should  be  made 
during  the  growing  season,  and  with  good  judgment  and 
small  sacrifice  of  wood,  great  good  may  be  effected.  This 
should  consist  in  stopping  rambling  or  rampant  shoots, 
either  by  pinching  their  buds  with  the  thumb  and  finger, 
or  cutting  them  back  with  the  knife ;  here,  however,  ui 
the  point  to  exercise  great  judgment.  In  branching  the 
tree  it  should  be  an  object,  from  the  first,  to  divide  the 
head  among  more  than  two  main  limbs,  since  the  division 
into  only  two  is  more  apt  to  be  followed  by  injury  from 
splitting  in  after  years,  from  the  weight  of  the  fruit  and 
foliage,  than  when  the  strain  is  more  divided. 


SELECTION  OF  TREES  EROM  THE  NURSERY. 

E.  J.  Hooper, — Dear  Sir  : — At  3'our  request,  I  sit  down 
this  evening  to  address  a  few  remarks  to  the  readers  of 
your  valuable  work  on  fruits,  upon  the  selection  of  trees 
from  the  nursery. 

At  difterent  periods,  and  in  different  places,  X  have  ad- 
dressed nurserymen  upon  a  similar  topic  ;  not  exactly  the 
same,  but  similar,  that  is,  upon  the  proper  mode  of  grow- 
ing trees  for  sale.  These  addresses  have  been  received, 
with  different  degrees  of  favor  and  disfavor;  the  nursery- 
men sometimes  admitting  the  truth  of  the  remarks  oftered, 
but  asserting  that  j^urchasers  desired  to  buy  their  trees 
hy  the  foot  in  heighf,  and  not  by  the  i7ich  in  diameter.  This 
being  too  much  the  case  with  j^lanters,  as  you  are  very 
well  aware,  the  attempt  is  now  made  to  reach  them,  the 
buyers ;  as  we  may  be  well  assured,  that  the  intelligent 
nurserymen  of  our  country,  very  well  knowing  the  true 
philosophy  of  the  matter,  will  gladly  supply  the  public 
with   a  better  article,  if  that  public  can   bo  made  suffi- 


SELECTION    OF    TREES    FROM    THE    NURSERY.     327 

ciently  intelligent  to  demand  well-grown  instead  of  tall- 
grown  trees — substantial  stocky  plants,  instead  of  slender 
drawn,  feeble,  Avhip-stocks. 

Those  who  are  about  planting  an  orchard,  will  do  well 
to  visit  the  nurseries,  and  see  the  stocks ;  then  they  can 
select  for  themselves  such  trees  as  they  may  prefer.  Allow 
me  to  suggest  to  them  a  few  things  by  the  way,  and  before 
they  become  fascinated  with  the  tall,  smooth  stems  of  the 
saplings  they  may  be  about  to  visit,  and  before  they  may 
have  selected  their  stocks;  and  also  allow  me  to  send  a 
telegraphic  dispatch  to  the  nurseryman,  to  the  effect  that 
intelligent  customers  are  on  their  way  to  the  nurseries. 
To  this  effect,  therefore,  I  will  say  to  the  visitors,  that  it 
is  presumed  they,  as  intelligent  planters,  and  promising 
orchard ists,  desire  to  form  orchards,  with  low  heads,  hav- 
ing appropriated  a  certain  piece  of  ground  to  the  produc- 
tion of  choice  fruit,  and  not  to  a  general  range  for  the 
pasturage  of  all  sorts  of  stock  ;  for  no  sensible  man  will 
exj^ect  to  produce  good  fruit  without  due  care  of  his  trees, 
and  the  entire  devotion  of  the  soil  to  the  orchard. 

There  are  those  who  can  not  afford  to  relinquish  any 
ground  to  trees  alone,  they  are  patriarchal  in  their  habits; 
they  keep  droves  of  cattle  which  range  everjnvhere,  and 
they  have  no  idea  that  an  orchard  field  should  be  inclosed 
perfectly;  and  that  from  it,  not  only  foraging  boys,  but 
feeding  cattle  also,  must  be  excluded.  Such  persons  re- 
quire that  their  trees,  when  planted,  should  be  already 
fully  grown,  and  that  they  should  be  high-limbed,  so  as 
to  be  without  branches,  until  above  the  reach  of  all  hun- 
gry cattle;  to  such,  it  behooves  us  to  be  lenient,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  let  us  hope  that  the  number  of  such  plant- 
ers will  become  less  and  less  from  year  to  year. 

Having  reached  the  nursery,  with  a  list  of  varieties 
wanted,  already  made  out,  proceed  to  examine  the  stock, 
to  see  if  any  have  been  properly  grown  for  the  making 


328  WESTERN     F  K  U  I  T     BOOK. 

of  an  orchard  of  low-headed  trees.  The  nurseryman, 
who  has  been  expecting  you,  will  have,  a  corps  dc  reserve 
to  suit  3'our  case,  even  though  his  anxiety  to  serve  the 
majority  of  customers,  and  perhaps  to  gratify  his  own  taste 
for  taUness^  may  have  induced  him  to  have  a  majority  of 
his  trees  made  after  the  whip-stock  fashion.  Look  at 
these  better  trees,  and  among  them  proceed  to  select 
thrift}',  stocky  pZr,'?.'/.s.  furnished  with  twiggy  branches 
from  near  tlie  ground.  It  is  not  necessary  that  the  side 
branches  should  be  large,  much  less  that  they  should 
be  at  all  equal,  or  nearly  equal  to  the  leader,  which  should 
always  be  supreme,  among  the  branches.  Here  you  may 
be  able  to  find  the  desideratum  for  which  3'ou  seek.  All 
well-grown  trees,  to  be  well-grown,  must  be  developed 
on  all  sides  alike.  With  our  modern  views  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  doctrine  of  the  individuality  of  buds,  it 
becomes  necessary  so  to  arrange  the  trimming  of  young 
trees  as  to  provide  an  equal  and  universal,  or  general 
supply,  over  the  extent  of  the  infant  tree,  if  we  desire  to 
have  it  well  and  fully  developed.  We  all  know  that 
where  young  trees  are  crowded  closely,  or  v.diere  they 
are  cleanly  trimmed  up  and  crowded  togctlier,  they  will 
necessarily  be  tall,  slender,  and  poorly  developed.  Avhile, 
if  they  have  had  room  to  develop  themselves  fully,  and 
have  been  encouraged  to  put  out  lateral  branches,  they 
will,  perhaps,  be  less  tall,  but  they  will  be  more  stout 
and  stocky;  and  experience  shows  that  such  trees  will 
be  more  able  to  withstand  the  shock  of  transplanting, 
and  will  be  much  more  likely  to  grow  well,  just  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  vital  centers  they  may  possess ; 
these  centers  are  the  buds,  and  the  more  widely  they  ai-e 
distributed  over  the  plant,  the  better  will  they  be  able  to 
exercise  their  functions.  This  is  not  all — that  most  de- 
ceitful and  insidious  of  all  the  enemies  of  a  young  orch- 
ard, the  bark  worm,  seldom  attacks  any  trees  but  such  as 


SELECTION    OP   TREES    PROM    THE    NURSERY.     329 

have  a  clean,  smooth,  uninterru^Dted  bark,  open  and  ex- 
posed to  their  ravages,  which,  alas,  are  never  to  be  ob- 
served until  too  late,  when  their  work  of  destruction  is 
comiDleted,  and  the  dead  bark,  sloughing  off  from  the 
wood,  presents  itself  to  the  eye  of  the  orchardist,  at  the 
end  of  the  season,  and  explains,  in  terms  of  unmistakable 
plainness,  the  damage  to  which  the  unsuspecting  planter 
has  been  subjected.  -  This  enemy,  rarely,  if  ever,  dares 
intrude  upon  a  tree  that  has  been  j^roperl}^  grown,  and 
which  is  furnished  with  lateral  branches,  from  near  the 
root  to  the  proper  head  of  the  tree ;  and  if,  perchance,  it 
have  ventured  to  intrude,  the  numerous  points  of  vitality 
near  at  hand  are  able,  by  their  resiliency,  to  restore  the 
loss,  and  to  rej)air  the  damage. 

Heretofore  these  expressions  have  applied  to  the  gener- 
ality of  trees ;  the  bark  worm,  however,  is  peculiarly  de- 
structive of  the  apple,  quince,  thorn,  and  pear,  perhaps 
in  the  order  named.  There  are,  however,  other  evils  that 
are  inflicted  upon  high-grown  trees,  that  are  still  more 
apparent  with  the  cherry  and  other  sorts  of  fruit.  The 
effects  of  the  bright  sunshine  upon  such  naked  stems  is 
also  disastrous,  as  seen  in  the  dried,  and  shriveled  and 
scorched  bark  of  many  a  noble,  tall,  but  naked  speci- 
men— while  those  but  partially  shaded  by  the  moderate 
spray  that  exists  in  well-grown  trees,  entirely  escape 
these  results.  It  is  a  common  remark  with  regard  to  the* 
cherry,  particularly  the  freeer-growing  sorts,  that  they 
will  suffer  from  bark-bursting,  which  is  attributed  by 
some  to  the  frost,  and  by  others  to  the  influence  of  the 
sun.  Whoever  saw  these  effects,  from  what  cause  soever, 
uj^on  low-headed  trees,  or  above  the  branches  ?  No  one 
often,  though  there  may  be  exceptional  cases.  No,  these 
results  are  always  most  manifest  upon  the  prettiest,  most 
thrifty,  and  most  naked  trees  ;  and  the  very  remedy  which 
has  proved  most  effectual  is  simply  supplying  to  such 
28 


330  .  W  E  S  T  E  R  N     F  R  U  1  T     B  0  U  K  . 

trees  as  are  most  exposed,  the  shade  by  boards,  or  straw- 
wrapping,  that  might  have  been  afforded  more  cheaply 
and  better,  by  the  natural  limbs  of  the  tree.  In  select- 
ing cherry  trees,  therefore,  choose  those  which  have  been 
so  treated,  in  the  nursery,  by  heading  down,  or  otherwise, 
as  to  have  their  sides  furnished  with  low  branches,  instead 
of  those  which  have  been  either  trimmed  up  high,  or 
allowed  to  branch  only  from  the  upper  buds  ;  so  as  to 
make  a  high  head.  With  pears,  apples,  and  most  other 
fruits,  the  same  rule  will  apply,  and  you  may  safely 
restrict  your  selection  to  those  that  are  furnished  with 
moderate  side  branches  from  near  the  ground.  Eest  as- 
sured, that  it  will  be  much  more  easy  a  matter  to  trim 
these  lateral  branches  off,  as  you  ma}'  wish  to  raise  the 
head  of  the  tree,  than  it  will  be  to  produce  them  from 
one  of  your  beautiful,  smooth,  high -trimmed  trees,  such 
as  are  constantly  to  be  seen,  and  which,  unfortunately, 
are  so  much  admired. 

•  With  the  peach  there  is  less  importance  to  be  attached 
to  this  matter  of  nursery  trimming ;  for  the  virgin  trees 
are  always  of  but  one  year's  growth  from  the  bud,  and 
it  matters  little  how  they  may  have  been  branched  and 
have  grown,  for  a  judicious  planter  will  always  cut  them 
down  to  a  foot  or  less,  when  setting  them  out,  and  force 
them  to  take  a  new  start.  The  more  equable  this  is,  the 
better  for  the  future  tree  ;  for,  of  all  our  fruits,  the  peach 
most  needs  to  be  a  bush,  branching  equally  from  its  stock, 
near  the  ground ;  but  this  plan  involves  the  modern  ad- 
mirable ideas,  of  pinching  in,  and  shortening  of  fruit 
trees,  particularly  applicable  to  the  peach,  and  this  is  a 
topic  that  it  was  not  intended  to  broach. 

These  general  rules  with  regard  to  the  branching  of 
the  trees  being  premised,  next  look  to  the  condition  of 
the  bark,  which  should  be  smooth  and  fresh,  not  wrinkled, 
nor  mossy  with  age;  for  all  thrifty  young  trees  will  have 


PRESERVATION     OF    FRUITS.  331 

a  health}^,  smooth  skin  ;  this  part  being-  to  them,  as  to 
animals,  an  organ  of  great  importance  in  the  function  of 
transpiration,  and  here,  too,  in  that  of  respiration. 

When  taken  up  from  the  ground  with  sufficient  care, 
the  roots  should  present  an  appearance  of  a  mass  of  fibers, 
rather  than  that  of  a  few  prongs  of  smooth  forks.  The 
former  condition  is  that  most  favorable  for  success  in 
planting,  and  is  worth  much  to  the  j^urchaser,  but  is  not 
obtained  without  the  expense  of  labor  and  time  by  the 
nurseryman,  and  should  always  entitle  him  to  your  con- 
fidence, and  to  a  liberal  remuneration,  for  the  extra  pains 
he  has  taken  in  transplanting  the  trees  to  produce  this 
condition. 

Excuse,  dear  sir,  these  hasty  notes,  thrown  oft'  rather 
as  suggestions  than  as  precise  rules  for  the  selection  of 
trees.  Hoping  that  they  may  not  be  entirely  useless  to 
some  of  your  readers,  believe  me  yours, 

Fehurary  23,  1857.  Jno.  A.  Warder. 


PRESERVATION    OP  FRUITS,    BY    SCHOOLEY'S 
PATENTED    PROCESS. 

As  we  have  referred  to  Schooley's  Patent  Process  for 
the  Preservation  of  Fruits,  we  deem  it  our  duty  to  say  a 
few  words  in  reference  to  it.  We  had  the  ]d1  ensure  and 
satisfaction  of  examining  the  plans  of  Mr.  John  C.  Schoo- 
ley,  of  Cincinnati,  several  years  ago,  and  were  then  confi- 
dent they  were  based  upon  correct  scientific  j^rinciples. 
Since  our  first  examination  of  his  plans,  Mr.  Schooley 
(who  has  endeavored  for  many  years  to  ascertain  the  best 
mode  of  preserving  ripe  native  and  tropical  fruits)  has 
been  very  successful,  and  has  demonstrated,  that  the  ripen- 
ing process  can  be  so  retarded  as  to  preserve  all  kinds  of 
our  choicest  native  fruits,  from  one  season  to  another, 
with  all  their  original  flavor  and  freshness.     It  is  evident 


332  WESTERN     FRUIT     BOOK. 

that  various  means  have  been  used  during  the  last  fifty 
years,  whereby  ripe  fruits  could  be  preserved  from  year 
to  3'ear.  Ice  has  been  used  in  many  ways,  which,  in  every 
case,  succeeded  in  reducing  the  atmosphere  to  a  proper 
temperature  ;  but  the  great  difficulty  has  been,  to  get  clear 
of  the  moisture,  and  then  again  to  produce  a  continued 
sujDply  of  desicated,  or  dry,  cold  atmosphere. 

If  fruits  are  placed  in  a  room  containing  moist,  still  air, 
though  it  be  sufiiciently  cold,  these  fruits  will  become 
moldy  and  musty,  and  if  retained  any  length  of  time  in 
this  atmosjDhere,  decomposition  will  inevitably  take  place, 
and  it  is  evident  that  this  air  will  become  contaminated 
w^ith  such  substances  as  the  aqueous  vajDor  holds  in  solu- 
tion ;  and  when  there  is  no  current  of  fresh  air,  all  sub- 
stances submerged  in  such  an  atmosphere  will  become 
enveloped  in  their  own  exhalations.  Hence,  a  current  of 
pure,  cold,  dr^^  air  is  essential  for  the  preservation  of  all 
organic  substances,  and  particularly  ripe  fruits.  In  a 
fruit-room,  constructed  upon  a  large  scale,  Mr.  S.  has  been 
enabled  to  preserve  quantities  of  our  most  tender  fruits, 
during  the  space  of  one  year,  with  all  their  original  flavor. 
The  entire  process,  as  patented  and  put  in  operation  by 
Mr.  Schooley,  is  fully  indorsed  by  the  American  Pomo- 
logical  Society,  as  will  be  observed  by  their  last  Annual 
Eeport ;  and  the  president,  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  in 
noticing  this  valuable  invention,  in  his  annual  address 
before  the  society,  says  : 

"  Having  heard  of  the  great  success  of  Mr.  Schooley, 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  his  celebrated  discovery  for  the 
preservation  of  meats,  I  opened  a  correspondence  with 
him  with  respect  to  the  application  of  the  same  process 
to  the  preservation  of  fruit.  He  subsequently  visited  me 
at  Boston,  and  advised  as  to  the  construction  of  a  fruit 
room  upon  his  principle.  This  I  have  found,  during  the  last 
Winter  and  the  present  Summer,  to  operate  in  accordance 


P  R  E  8  E  R  V  .\  r  1  0  N     (J  T     FRUITS.  33 J 

with  his  statement,  as  illustrated  by  Prof.  Locke,  in  his  '  Mo- 
nograph upon  the  Preservation  of  Organic  Substances.' 
By  his  plans,  the  temperature  and  moisture  of  the  fruit- 
roo'm,  and  consequently  the  ri2:)ening  of  the  fruit,  may  be 
perfectly  controlled.  One  gentleman  informs  me  that  he 
kept  strawberries  in  a  fruit  room  constructed  on  this  plan, 
from  June  1st  to  the  20th,  in  perfect  condition  for  the 
table  ;  and  he  entertains  no  doubt  of  its  complete  success 
in  the  preservation  of  apples  and  pears  indefinitely.  My 
own  experience  corresponds  with  this  statement."' 

We  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  Mr.  Schooley's  patent 
to  the  attention  of  all  fruit-growers,  as  an  invention  of 
great  importance  ;  and  properly  constructed  (according  to 
the  plates  i^ublished  in  the  first  part  of  this  work,  and 
taken  from  the  Annual  Report  of  the  American  Pomolo^ 
gical  Society),  can  not  fail  to  be  successful. 

THE    END. 


READING  ROAD  NURSERY. 

The  Proprietor  of  this  Establishment  would  call  '' 


mm 


-s«.s«e5 


the  attention  of  ^Mi 

Fruit-Growers  aud  Horticulturists  generally, 

To  his  Stock  of 
FRUIT  AND  ORNAMENTAL  TIlEES,^feM^^fe 

(Bbcvgrmis,  J^lotacdng  Shrubs,  |]:u-bn,  dprjccnbousc,  aub  ^tobe  ^lnnl3, 

embracing  one  of  the  largest  collections  of  varieties  in  the  West.     I 
have  all  the  best  of 

and  am  giving  the  Hardy  and  Hothmim  Grapes  especial  attf^ntion. 

Catalogues  forwarded  to  all  applicants  inclosing  Tost-Office  Stamps. 
All  articles  delivered  in  :iny  part  of  the  city  free  of  charge. 

Orders  from  unknown  correspondents,  to  receive  attention,  must  be 
accompanied  bj  the  cai^^h,  or  responsible  city  reft-rcnces. 

\X}A.  IIEAYEE. 


CELEBRATED 

m:ea.t,   PROVisioisr, 

AND 

FRUIT  PRESERVER. 

■PATENTED  MARCH  13,  1855. 

A  rnre  opportunity  is  oflF.'red  to  ;iny  ona  desiring  to  purchase  the  entire  Right  of  my 
Patent  for  anyone  Stnte  or  District.  I  ask  no  one  to  embark  in  the  enterprise,  unless 
he  has  most  thoroughly  examined  its  value  and  usefulness.  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say, 
that  it  is  one  of  tlie  very  best  Patent-rights  ever  offered  to  the  public.  Its  success  is 
unrqiuded.  as  will  readily  be  observed  by  the  hosts  of  recommendations  and  testimo- 
nials now  in  my  possession;  some  of  which  can  be  seen  in  Prof.  Locke's  Monograph 
(a  copy  of  which  will  be  forwarded  to  any  address,  on  receipt  of  eight  three-cent  post- 
age stamps).  I  also  refer  to  the  Annual  Address  of  the  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  of 
Massaclmsetts,  before  the  United  States  Pumological  Society,  held  at  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
in  September,  1S.)6  ;  also,  to  the  published  Annual  Proceedings  of  the  same  Society,  of 
that  year. 

I  have  received  Letters  Patent  for  England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  the  Channel 
Isl^jids;  also  for  the  Empire  nf  France;  all  of  which  Patents  1  offer  for  sale,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Refrigerator  Right  for  the  Western,  and  a  part  of  the  Middle  and 
Southern  States. 

Hvery  Farmer  should  have  one  of  my  Fruit  Houses  attached  to  his  Orchard.  It  can 
be  done  with  little  or  no  expense,  and  will  be  a  saving  of  hundreds  of  dollars  per 
annum. 

Individual  Rights  to  Farmers  or  Fruit-Raisers  can  be  had  on  very  reasonable  terms. 

Exclusive  Rights  of  Counties  would  be  an  object  to  any  Fruitier,  as  he  could  then 
control  the  business  for  that  region. 

Parties  desiring  a  single  Right,  will  be  particular  in  giving  precise  location  (side-hill 
or  level  ground),  dimensions,  quantity  of  ice  to  be  used,  etc.  I  will  sell  the  exclusive 
Right  of  one  county  for  a  small  advance  over  the  price  of  a  single  Right. 

I  N  r  E  I  N  G  S  BI  E  N  T . 

In  the  Annual  Proceedings  of  the  American  Pomological  Society  for  1856,  will  be 
found  a  full  description  of  my  Patent  Fniit-Preserver  with  elaborate  drawings  of  same. 
The  compiler  of  tliat  vulumH/uniutentionally  omitted  to  mention  to  the  public  that  it 
was  patented,  and  for  fear  many  may  be  misled  and  f^'el  th-misolves  at  lil)erty  to  build 
and  use  the  same  without  my  permission,  notice  is  hereby  given  to  all  parties  who 
will  either  make,  sell,  or  use' any  mechanical  stru:'ture,  operating  in  the  manner  as 
claimetl  by  me,  without  permission  from  me  or  my  assigns,  that  ail  such  will  be  pros- 
ecuted at  once,  to  the  extent  of  the  law. 

For  the  purchase  of  Rights,  and  all  particulars  in  regard  to  the  Patent,  address 

JOHN  C.  SCHOOLEY.  Patentee, 

Cincinnati,   O. 

AGENTS    WAj^TEP. 

I  wish  to  employ  several  energetic  Agents  to  travel  through  the  Eastern.  Western, 
and  Southern  Statas,  to  sell  Fruit  and  Pork-House  Rights.     Address  as  above. 


>^,l 


UM  '1 


CI  :^T  GIN  IT  ATI. 


aijti  mnumm, 


Tho  Proprietor  of  this  establishment  respectfully  nails  the  attention  of  the  public  to 
his  stoclv  of 

Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees,  Evergreens,  Shrubs,  Vines,  etc. 
His  present  stock  is  superior,  both  in  extent  and  quality,  to  any  before  offered,  and 
contains  the  most  select  varieties  in  cultivation. 
He  v/ould  also  call  attention  to  the 

«KEE.\' MOUSE  Ar^'D  FI.OKAI.  l>EPA51TiyiEIVT, 
under  tho  management  of  Mr.  Thomas  Hutchinson,  who  has  an  interest  in  this  branch 
of  the  business.  The  well-known  ability  of  Mr.  H.  as  a  skillful  cultivator,  is  a  guaran- 
tee that  this  branch  will  be  properly  managed.  Their  stock  in  this  department  is 
large,  well  selected,  and  in  fine  ci;n(iit:on.  Their  stock  of  roses  is  particularly  fine  and 
extensive,  embracing  nearly  every thihg  in  that  line  that  is  desirable. 

Catalogues  of  either  branch  of  the  business  sent  gratis  to  all  who  inclose  a  one  cent 
stamp  for  each.    All  orders  securely  packed,  and  promptly  forwarded  as  directed. 

JOHN  SAYEE.S,  Proprietor. 

Cottage  Garden  and  Nursery,  March,  1857. 


A.  SUMFEE  &  CO., 

Agents  for  Vrneeler  &  Wilson's 

FAfflliY  mwim  MACHOE, 

MELODEON  HALL, 

Comer  Fourth  and  IFalnut  Streets, 

CINCINNATI. 

Extract  from  a  Utter  from  Mrs.  E.  Oakes  Smith, 
Brooklyn.  L.  I.  : 

o  o  o  Your  Machine  is  all  it  purporis  to  be,  and 
is  equal  to  the  labor  of  nine  or  ten  persons.  1 
wish  to  see  the  petty  toil  of  my  sex  lightened.  Will  not  our  brothers,  by  the  pur- 
chase of  the  Sewing  Machine,  lessen  the  labor,  anxieties,  and  the  wear  and  tear  of 
nerves  to  their  wives  and  daughters. 


UTHOGRAPHERS,  PLATE  FPJr^TEBS,  ETO., 

119  WALNUT  ST., 

CIJN'CIJNrA^ATI, 

PUBLISHERS    BLANK     DRAFT^S, 

NOTES, 


BILLS    EXCHANGE 


CHECKS.    ETC.,    ETC, 


Grape  and   Strawberry  Culture. 

The  Culture  of  the  Grape  and  'Wine  Making.  By  Robert  Buchanan. 
"V^iiith  an  Appendix,  containing  Directions  for  the  Cultivation  of  the 
Strawberry.  By  N.  Liongworth.  Sixth  Edition.  One  volume,  12m.o., 
Muslin.    Price,  6'3  cents. 

It  contains  much  opportune  and  instructive  information  relative  to  the  cultivation 
of  these  two  delicious-fruits. — Michigan  Farmer. 

One  of  the  booljs  which  pass  current  through  the  world  on  account  of  the  great 
authority  of  the  authors'  names  — Iloboken  Gazette. 

There  are  no  better  men  qualified  for  the  undertaking. — Louisville  Journal. 

It  deals  more  wiih  facts,  with  actual  experience  and  observation,  and  less  with 
speculation,  supposition,  and  bfliif,  th:in  any  thing  on  this  tojiic  that  has  yet  appeared 
in  the  United  States.  In  otht^r  word^,  a  man  may  take  it  and  plant  a  vineyard,  and 
raise  grapes  with  success. — Horticulturist. 

"VVe  can  not  too  strongly  recommend  this  little  vohime  to  the  attention  of  all  who- 
have  a  vine  or  strawberry  bed. — Farm  and  Shop. 

This  book  embodies  the  essential  jirincipl'  s  necessary  to  be  observed  in  the  successful 
management  of  these  fruits. — Boston  Cultivator. 

We  have  on  twa  or  three  occasions  said  of  this  little  book,  tliat  it  is  the  best  we  have 
sver  seen  on  the  subjects  of  which  it  treats.    A  man  with  ordinary  judgment  can  not 
fail  in  grape  or  strawberry  culture,  If  he  tries  to  follow  its  advice. — Ohio  Fai-mer. 
MOORE,  \VILSTACH,KE1YS  &  Co.,  Publishers, 

25  V/est  Fourth  Street,  Cincinnati. 


Practical    Landscape    Gardening. 

By  G.  M.  Kern.  Containing  22  Illustrations  and  Plans  for  laying 
out  Grounds,  with  full  directions  for  Planting  Shade  Trees,  Shrub- 
bery, and  Floy/ers.    One  vol.  12nio.,  Muslin.    Price,  $1  50. 

Mr.  Kern's  suggestions  are  in  an  eminent  degree  valuable,  and  his  opinions  (which 
are  expressed  in  clear,  concise,  and  lucid  dictioni.  easily  interpreted  by  even  the  most 
limited  conception,  fairly  assert  his  claim  to  a  station  in  the  foremost  rank  of  rural 
improvers. — N.  Y.  Ilnrticulturlst. 

It  abounds  in  useful  and  tasteful  suggestions,  and  in  practical  instructions. — North- 
ern Farmer. 

It  is  a  very  timely  and  valuable  book.  •■■  ■-  Better  adapted  to  the  wants  and 
circumstances  of  cut  peoi'le  than  any  other  upon  thesubj.M-t. — Ohio  Cultivator. 

Xo  one  can  long  walk  hand  in  hand  with  ^!r.  Kern  without  being  sensible  that  he  is 
in  the  hands  of  one  who  is  worthy  of  all  confidence. — Louisville  Courier. 

It  is  plain  in  its  details,  and  will  bo  more  valuable  to  the  million  than  any  work  on 
the  subject  of  Landscape  (lardening  yet  published.  The  mechanical  execution  of  the 
volume  is  the  very  perfection  of  printing  and  binding. — Ohio  Farmer. 

Admirably  calculated  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  public. — Boston  Atlas 

By  a  careful  perusal  of  this  little  volume,  which  will  cost  but  §1  50,  the  purchaser 
will  probably  find  that  he  has  learned  what  he  has  been  all  his  life  wishing  to  know, 
and  what  will  be  worth  to  him  more  than  ten  times  its  cost.— Nashville  Whig. 

He  descends  to  the  minutest  details  of  instruction,  so  that  his  book  may  be  taken  as 
a  manual  for  the  practical  operator. — N.  Y.  Evangelist. 


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